Almanac - January 14
Albert Schweitzer 1875-1965
Events
- 1129 – Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
- 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Arpad dynasty in Hungary.
- 1343 – Arnošt of Pardubice became the last bishop of Prague.
- 1514 – Pope Leo X issues a papal bull against slavery.
- 1539 – Spain annexes Cuba.
- 1639 – The "Fundamental Orders", the first written constitution that created a government, is adopted in Connecticut.
- 1724 – King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne.
- 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in India between the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marhatas. The Afghan victory changes the course of Indian History.
- 1784 – American Revolutionary War: Ratification Day, United States Congress ratifies Treaty of Paris with Great Britain.
- 1814 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in return for Pomerania.
- 1822 – Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrius Ypsilanti.
- 1858 – Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt.
- 1907 – An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.
- 1911 – Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition makes landfall on the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf.
- 1933 – The controversial Bodyline cricket tactics used by Douglas Jardine's England peaks when Australian captain Bill Woodfull was hit in the heart.
- 1938 – Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.
- 1943 – World War II: Operation Ke, the successful Japanese operation to evacuate their forces from Guadalcanal during the Guadalcanal campaign, begins.
- 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.
- 1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel via airplane while in office when he travels from Miami, Florida to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill.
- 1950 – The first prototype of the MiG-17 makes its maiden flight.
- 1952 – NBC's long-running morning news program Today debuts, with host Dave Garroway.
- 1954 – Jagadguru Kripalu Maharaj was named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher) after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars.
- 1960 – The Reserve Bank of Australia, the country's central bank and banknote issuing authority, is established.
- 1954 – The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator Corporation forming the American Motors Corporation.
- 1967 – Counterculture of the 1960s: The Human Be-In, takes place in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, launching the Summer of Love.
- 1969 – An accidental explosion aboard the USS Enterprise (CVN-65) near Hawaii kills 27 people.
- 1972 – Queen Margrethe II of Denmark ascends the throne, the first Queen of Denmark since 1412 and the first Danish monarch not named Frederick or Christian since 1513.
- 1973 – Elvis Presley's concert Aloha from Hawaii is broadcast live via satellite, and sets a record as the most watched broadcast by an individual entertainer in television history.
- 1975 – Teenage heiress Lesley Whittle is kidnapped by Donald Neilson, aka "the Black Panther".
- 1978 – The English punk rock band Sex Pistols broke up amidst their US tour.
- 1998 – An Afghan cargo plane crashes into a mountain in southwest Pakistan killing more than 50 people.
- 1999 – Toronto, Ontario Mayor Mel Lastman becomes the first mayor in Canada to call in the Army to help with emergency medical evacuations and snow removal after more than one meter of snow paralyzes the city.
- 2000 – A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats to up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Muslims in a Bosnian village.
- 2004 – The national flag of The Republic of Georgia, the so-called "five cross flag", is restored to official use after a hiatus of some 500 years.
- 2005 – Landing of the Huygens probe on Saturn's moon Titan.
- 2011 – Ben Ali, former Tunisian president, fled the country to Saudi Arabia after popular protests (dubbed as Jasmine Revolution) requesting his departure.
- 2011 – Stampede near Sabarimala – 104 devotees killed and several others injured in a stampede at Uppupara in Idukki district.
Births
- 83 BC – Marcus Antonius, Roman politician (d. 30 BC)
- 1131 – King Valdemar I of Denmark (d. 1182)
- 1451 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian music theorist (d. 1522)
- 1477 – Hermann of Wied, German Catholic archbishop (d. 1552)
- 1507 – Catherine of Habsburg, Infanta of Spain and queen of Portugal (d. 1578)
- 1551 – Alberico Gentili, Italian jurist (d. 1608)
- 1615 – John Biddle, English theologian (d. 1662)
- 1684 – Johann Matthias Hase, German scientist (d. 1742)
- 1684 – Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French painter (d. 1745)
- 1702 – Emperor Nakamikado of Japan (d. 1737)
- 1705 – Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French governor (d. 1786)
- 1741 – Benedict Arnold, American/British general (d. 1801)
- 1767 – Maria Theresa of Tuscany, queen consort of Saxony (d. 1827)
- 1780 – Henry Baldwin, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1844)
- 1792 – Christian Julius De Meza, Danish general (d. 1865)
- 1793 – John C. Clark, American politician (d. 1852)
- 1798 – Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician (d. 1872)
- 1800 – Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1877)
- 1806 – Sir Charles Hotham, Governor of Victoria (d. 1855)
- 1806 – Matthew Fontaine Maury American oceanographer (d. 1873)
- 1818 – Zacharias Topelius, Finnish-Swedish writer (d. 1898)
- 1824 – Vladimir Stasov, Russian art and music critic (d. 1906)
- 1836 – Henri Fantin-Latour, French painter (d. 1904)
- 1841 – Berthe Morisot, French painter (d. 1895)
- 1845 – 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, Governor-General of Canada, Viceroy of India (d. 1927)
- 1850 – Pierre Loti, French writer (d. 1923)
- 1850 – Jean de Reszke, Polish operatic tenor (d. 1925)
- 1856 – J. F. Archibald, Australian journalist and publisher (d. 1919)
- 1861 – Mehmed VI, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1926)
- 1863 – Manuel Gomes da Costa, 96th Prime Minister of Portugal and 10th President of Portugal (d. 1929)
- 1870 – Sir George Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1952)
- 1875 – Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1965)
- 1882 – Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-American historian and journalist (d. 1944)
- 1883 – Nina Ricci, Italian-born French fashion designer (d. 1970)
- 1886 – Hugh Lofting, English author (d. 1947)
- 1887 – Hugo Steinhaus, Polish mathematician and educator (d. 1972)
- 1892 – Martin Niemöller, German theologian (d. 1984)
- 1892 – Hal Roach, American film producer (d. 1992)
- 1896 – John Dos Passos, American author (d. 1970)
- 1897 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German general and politician (d. 1978)
- 1899 – Carlos Romulo, Filipino diplomat and author (d. 1985)
- 1901 – Bebe Daniels, American actress (d. 1971)
- 1901 – Alfred Tarski, Polish logician and mathematician (d. 1983)
- 1904 – Sir Cecil Beaton, English photographer (d. 1980)
- 1904 – Emily Hahn, American writer (d. 1997)
- 1904 – Babe Siebert, National Hockey League player (d. 1939)
- 1905 – Takeo Fukuda, 67th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1995)
- 1906 – William Bendix, American actor (d. 1964)
- 1907 – Georges-Émile Lapalme, French-Canadian politician (d. 1985)
- 1908 – Russ Columbo, American singer (d. 1934)
- 1909 – Joseph Losey, American theatre and film director (d. 1984)
- 1911 – Norman 'Sailor Jerry' Collins, Tattoo artist (d. 1973)
- 1911 – Anatoly Rybakov, Russian writer (d. 1998)
- 1912 – Tillie Olsen, American writer (d. 2007)
- 1914 – Harold Russell, Canadian-born actor (d. 2002)
- 1915 – Mark Goodson, American game show producer (d. 1992)
- 1917 – Billy Butterfield, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1988)
- 1919 – Giulio Andreotti, Italian politician
- 1919 – Andy Rooney, American journalist (d. 2011)
- 1921 – Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (d. 2006)
- 1924 – Guy Williams, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1925 – Yukio Mishima, Japanese writer (d. 1970)
- 1925 – Louis Quilico, Canadian baritone (d. 2000)
- 1926 – Frank Aletter, American actor (d. 2009)
- 1926 – Warren Mitchell, English actor
- 1926 – Tom Tryon, American actor (d. 1991)
- 1927 – Zuzana Ruzickova, Czech harpsichordist
- 1928 – Gerald Arpino, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2008)
- 1928 – Lars Forssell, Swedish writer (d. 2007)
- 1928 – Garry Winogrand, American photographer (d. 1984)
- 1931 – Frank Costigan, Australian lawyer (d. 2009)
- 1931 – Caterina Valente, French-born singer
- 1932 – Don Garlits, American race car driver
- 1933 – Stan Brakhage, American filmmaker (d. 2003)
- 1934 – Richard Briers, English actor
- 1934 – Alberto Rodriguez Larreta, Argentine racing driver (d. 1977)
- 1935 – Lucille Wheeler, Canadian alpine skier
- 1937 – Shoban Babu, Indian actor
- 1937 – Ken Higgs, English cricketer
- 1937 – Erland Kops, Danish badminton player
- 1937 – Sonny Siebert, American baseball player
- 1938 – Morihiro Hosokawa, 79th Prime Minister of Japan
- 1938 – Jack Jones, American singer
- 1938 – Allen Toussaint, American singer
- 1940 – Julian Bond, American civil rights activist
- 1940 – Ron Kostelnik, American football player (d. 1993)
- 1940 – Sir Trevor Nunn, English theatre director and film director
- 1941 – Faye Dunaway, American actress
- 1941 – Barry Jenner, American actor
- 1941 – Milan Kucan, Slovenian statesman
- 1942 – Ian Brayshaw, Australian cricketer and footballer
- 1942 – Dave Campbell, American baseball player
- 1943 – Mariss Jansons, Latvian conductor
- 1943 – Shannon Lucid, American astronaut
- 1943 – José Luis Rodríguez, Venezuelan singer
- 1944 – Marjoe Gortner, American evangelist
- 1944 – Graham Marsh, Australian golfer
- 1944 – Nina Totenberg, American journalist
- 1945 – Maina Gielgud, British ballet dancer and administrator
- 1945 – Einar Hakonarson, Icelandic painter
- 1946 – Harold Shipman, British serial killer (d. 2004)
- 1947 – Taylor Branch, American author and historian
- 1947 – Beverly Perdue, American politician
- 1947 – Bill Werbeniuk, Canadian snooker player (d. 2003)
- 1948 – T-Bone Burnett, American producer
- 1948 – Valeri Kharlamov, Soviet ice hockey player (d. 1981)
- 1948 – John Lescroart, American author
- 1948 – Carl Weathers, American actor
- 1949 – Paul Chubb, Australian actor (d. 2002)
- 1949 – Lawrence Kasdan, American director
- 1949 – Mary Robison, American writer
- 1950 – Jagadguru Ramabhadracarya, Indian Hindu religious leader
- 1952 – Sydney Biddle Barrows, American author
- 1952 – Maureen Dowd, American writer
- 1952 – Calin Popescu-Tariceanu, ex-Prime Minister of Romania
- 1952 – Konstantinos Iosifidis, Greek footballer and football manager
- 1954 – Jim Duggan, American professional wrestler
- 1954 – Masanobu Fuchi, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1954 – Vernee Watson-Johnson, American actress
- 1956 – Étienne Daho, French singer and songwriter
- 1956 – Ben Heppner, Canadian tenor
- 1956 – Rosina Lippi-Green (Rosina Lippi, Sara Donati), U.S.American writer.
- 1957 – Suzanne Danielle, English actress
- 1957 – Anchee Min, Chinese writer
- 1959 – Geoff Tate, American musician (Queensrÿche)
- 1961 – Rob Hall, New Zealan mountaineer (d. 1996)
- 1961 – Mike Tramp, Danish singer (White Lion)
- 1962 – Michael McCaul, American politician
- 1963 – Steven Soderbergh, American director
- 1964 – Mark Addy, British actor
- 1964 – Ernest Miller, American wrestler
- 1964 – Shepard Smith, American news anchor
- 1965 – Shamil Basayev, Chechen rebel (d. 2006)
- 1965 – Marc Delissen, Dutch field hockey player
- 1965 – Bob Essensa, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1965 – Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, British chef
- 1965 – Ellis Paul, American singer-songwriter and folk musician
- 1966 – Marco Hietala, Finnish vocalist and bassist
- 1967 – Kerri Green, American actress
- 1967 – Leonardo "Leo" Ortolani, Italian comic book author
- 1967 – Emily Watson, English actress
- 1967 – Saskia Wickham, British actress
- 1967 – Zakk Wylde, American musician (Black Label Society)
- 1968 – Efthimis Bakatsias, Greek basketball player
- 1968 – Ruel Fox, English footballer
- 1968 – Veikka Gustafsson, Finnish mountaineer
- 1968 – LL Cool J, American rapper and actor
- 1969 – Jason Bateman, American actor
- 1969 – David Grohl, American drummer and composer (Nirvana, Foo Fighters, Them Crooked Vultures)
- 1970 – Gene Snitsky, American professional wrestler
- 1970 – Fazil Say, Turkish pianist and composer
- 1971 – Lasse Kjus, Norwegian skier
- 1971 – Antonios Nikopolidis, Greek footballer
- 1972 – Kyle Brady, American football player
- 1972 – Dion Forster, South African theologian
- 1972 – James Key, British engineer
- 1972 – Raimondas Rumšas, Lithuanian cyclist
- 1973 – Giancarlo Fisichella, Italian race car driver
- 1974 – Kevin Durand, Canadian actor
- 1974 – Brent Hinds, American musician (Mastodon)
- 1976 – Vincenzo Chianese, Italian footballer
- 1977 – Narain Karthikeyan, Indian racecar driver
- 1978 – Just Blaze, American hip hop producer
- 1978 – Shawn Crawford, American sprinter
- 1979 – Karen Elson, British supermodel
- 1979 – Angela Lindvall, American supermodel
- 1979 – John Reuben, American hip hop artist
- 1979 – Evans Soligo, Italian footballer
- 1980 – Clive Clarke, Irish footballer
- 1980 – Cory Gibbs, American soccer player
- 1980 – Ossama Haidar, Lebanese soccer player
- 1980 – Byron Leftwich, American football player
- 1980 – Sosuke Sumitani, Japanese announcer
- 1980 – Hiroshi Tamaki, Japanese actor and model
- 1981 – Abdelmalek Cherrad, Algerian football player
- 1981 – Rosa López, Spanish singer
- 1982 – Caleb Followill, American singer (Kings of Leon)
- 1982 – Léo Lima, Brazilian footballer
- 1982 – Victor Valdes, Spanish goalkeeper
- 1983 – Jason Krejza, Australian cricketer
- 1983 – Maxime Monfort, Belgian cyclist
- 1983 – Cesare Bovo, Italian footballer
- 1984 – Erick Aybar, Professional baseball player
- 1984 – Brandon Meriweather, American football player
- 1984 – Mike Pelfrey, American baseball player
- 1985 – Shawn Sawyer, Canadian Figure Skater
- 1986 – Cristina Aicardi, Peruvian badminton player
- 1986 – Gary Brolsma, American internet celebrity
- 1986 – Alessio Cossu, Italian footballer
- 1988 – Mikalah Gordon, American singer
- 1988 – Hakeem Nicks, American football player
- 1988 – Jack P. Shepherd, English actor
- 1989 – Mattia Marchi, Italian footballer
- 1989 – Frankie Sandford, English singer (The Saturdays)
- 1989 – Liu Xiaodong, Chinese footballer
- 1991 – Diva Montelaba, Filipina actress, singer and dancer
- 1992 – Nimue Smit, Dutch fashion model
Deaths
- 1092 – Vratislaus II of Bohemia (b. 1032/5)
- 1163 – Ladislaus II of Hungary (b. 1131)
- 1235 – Saint Sava, Serbian saint (b. 1175)
- 1301 – King Andrew III of Hungary (b. 1265)
- 1331 – Odoric, Italian explorer (b. 1286)
- 1640 – Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, English lawyer and judge (b. 1578)
- 1676 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
- 1679 – Jacques de Billy, French mathematician (b. 1602)
- 1701 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)
- 1742 – Edmond Halley, English scientist (b. 1656)
- 1753 – George Berkeley, Irish theologian (b. 1685)
- 1776 – Edward Cornwallis, English military officer (b. 1713)
- 1786 – Michael Arne, English composer (b. 1741)
- 1786 – Meshech Weare, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1713)
- 1788 – François Joseph Paul, marquis de Grasetilly, comte de Grasse, French admiral (b. 1722)
- 1819 – Peter Pindar, English satirist (b. 1738)
- 1824 – Athanasios Kanakaris, Greek politician (b. 1760)
- 1825 – George Dance the Younger, English architect (b. 1741)
- 1833 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox saint (b. 1759)
- 1867 – Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, French painter (b. 1780)
- 1872 – Greyfriars Bobby, Famous dog (b. 1856)
- 1888 – Stephen Heller, Hungarian composer (b. 1813)
- 1889 – Ema Puksec, Croatian singer (b. 1834)
- 1892 – Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, British prince (b. 1864)
- 1898 – Lewis Carroll, English writer and mathematician (b. 1832)
- 1901 – Bishop Mandell Creighton, English historian and ecclesiastic (b. 1843)
- 1901 – Charles Hermite, French mathematician (b. 1822)
- 1905 – Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
- 1907 – Sir James Fergusson, British politician (b. 1832)
- 1908 – Holger Drachmann, Danish poet and dramatist (b. 1846)
- 1915 – Richard Meux Benson, founder of Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
- 1920 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (b. 1864)
- 1923 – Zübeyde Hanim, Mother of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (b. 1857)
- 1937 – Jaishankar Prasad, Hindi poet, dramatist and novelist (b. 1889)
- 1942 – Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian writer (b. 1883)
- 1945 – Heinrich Schroth, German actor (b. 1871)
- 1949 – Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (b. 1882)
- 1951 – Gregorios Xenopoulos, Greek novelist, journalist and playwright (b. 1867)
- 1952 – Artur Kapp, Estonian composer (b. 1878)
- 1957 – Humphrey Bogart, American actor (b. 1899)
- 1961 – Barry Fitzgerald, Irish actor (b. 1888)
- 1965 – Jeanette MacDonald, American actress and singer (b. 1903)
- 1966 – Bill Carr, American athlete (b. 1909)
- 1966 – Sergei Korolev, Russian rocket scientist (b. 1906)
- 1968 – Dorothea Mackellar, Australian poet (My Country) (b. 1885)
- 1970 – William Feller, Croatian mathematician (b. 1906)
- 1972 – King Frederick IX of Denmark (b. 1899)
- 1976 – Tun Abdul Razak, 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia (b. 1922)
- 1977 – Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1897)
- 1977 – Peter Finch, English-born actor (b. 1916)
- 1977 – Anaïs Nin, French author (b. 1903)
- 1978 – Harold Abrahams, British athlete (b. 1899)
- 1978 – Kurt Gödel, Austrian mathematician (b. 1906)
- 1978 – Robert Heger, German conductor and composer (b. 1886)
- 1978 – Blossom Rock, American actress (b. 1895)
- 1979 – Thomas DeSimone, gangster associate of the Lucchese crime family (b. 1950)
- 1980 – Robert Ardrey, American author (b. 1908)
- 1981 – John O'Grady, Australian writer (They're a Weird Mob) (b. 1907)
- 1984 – Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (b. 1902)
- 1986 – Daniel Balavoine, French singer (b. 1952)
- 1986 – Donna Reed, American actress (b. 1921)
- 1987 – Douglas Sirk, German-U.S. film director (b. 1900)
- 1988 – Georgy Malenkov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party (b. 1902)
- 1990 – Mani Madhava Chakyar, Koodiyattam artist and Sanskrit scholar (b. 1899)
- 1991 – Gordon Bryant, Australian politician (b. 1914)
- 1991 – Jerry Nolan, American rock drummer (The New York Dolls) (b. 1946)
- 1995 – Sir Alexander Gibson, Scottish conductor (b. 1926)
- 1997 – Dollard Ménard, French Canadian general (b. 1913)
- 1999 – Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director (b. 1933)
- 1999 – Muslimgauze, British musician (b. 1961)
- 2001 – Burkhard Heim, German physicist (b. 1925)
- 2001 – Kostas Rigopoulos, Greek actor (b. 1930)
- 2003 – Koloman Sokol, Slovak painter (b. 1902)
- 2004 – Uta Hagen, American actress (b. 1919)
- 2004 – Ron O'Neal, American actor (b. 1937)
- 2004 – Valfar, Norwegian musician (Windir) (b. 1978)
- 2005 – Charlotte MacLeod, American writer (b. 1922)
- 2005 – Conroy Maddox, English painter (b. 1912)
- 2005 – Rudolph Moshammer, German fashion designer (b. 1940)
- 2005 – Jesús-Rafael Soto, Venezuelan kinetic artist (b. 1923)
- 2006 – Henri Colpi, French film editor and director (b. 1921)
- 2006 – Jim Gary, American sculptor (b. 1939)
- 2006 – Mark Philo, English footballer (b. 1984)
- 2006 – Shelley Winters, American actress (b. 1920)
- 2007 – Darlene Conley, American actress (b. 1934)
- 2007 – Barbara Kelly, Canadian-born actress (b. 1924)
- 2007 – Vassilis Photopoulos, Greek painter, film director, art director and set designer (b. 1934)
- 2008 – Judah Folkman, American medical scientist (b. 1933)
- 2009 – Jan Kaplický, British architect of Czech origin (b. 1937)
- 2009 – Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican actor (b. 1920)
- 2010 – Petra Schürmann, German model and TV announcer, Miss World 1956 (b. 1935)
Holidays and observances
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