today.nukz.net: Almanac

Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882-1945

Events

1648 – Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
1649 – King Charles I of England is beheaded.
1661 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England is ritually executed two years after his death, on the anniversary of the execution of the monarch he himself deposed.
1667 – The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth cedes Kiev, Smolensk, and left-bank Ukraine to the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo.
1703 – The Forty-seven Ronin, under the command of Ōishi Kuranosuke, avenge the death of their master.
1790 – The first boat specializing as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
1806 – The original Lower Trenton Bridge (also called the Trenton Makes the World Takes Bridge), which spans the Delaware River between Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, New Jersey, is opened.
1820 – Edward Bransfield sights the Trinity Peninsula and claims the discovery of Antarctica.
1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.
1835 – In the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States, Richard Lawrence attempts to shoot president Andrew Jackson, but fails and is subdued by a crowd, including several congressmen.
1841 – A fire destroys two-thirds of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
1847 – Yerba Buena, California is renamed San Francisco.
1858 – The first Hallé concert is given in Manchester, England, marking the official founding of the Hallé Orchestra as a full-time, professional orchestra.
1862 – The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
1889 – Archduke Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian crown, is found dead with his mistress Baroness Mary Vetsera in Mayerling.
1902 – The first Anglo-Japanese Alliance is signed in London.
1911 – The destroyer USS Terry (DD-25) makes the first airplane rescue at sea saving the life of James McCurdy 10 miles from Havana, Cuba.
1911 – The Canadian Naval Service becomes the Royal Canadian Navy.
1913 – The United Kingdom's House of Lords rejects the Irish Home Rule Bill.
1925 – The Government of Turkey throws Patriarch Constantine VI out of Istanbul.
1933 – Adolf Hitler is sworn in as Chancellor of Germany.
1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade the island of Ambon in the Dutch East Indies.
1943 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Rennell Island. The USS Chicago (CA-29) is sunk and a U.S. destroyer is heavily damaged by Japanese torpedoes.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cisterna, part of Operation Shingle, begins in central Italy.
1944 – World War II: United States troops land on Majuro.
1945 – World War II: The Wilhelm Gustloff, overfilled with refugees, sinks in the Baltic Sea after being torpedoed by a Soviet submarine, leading to the deadliest known maritime disaster, killing approximately 9,400 people.
1945 – World War II: Raid at Cabanatuan: 126 American Rangers and Filipino resistance liberate 500 prisoners from the Cabanatuan POW camp.
1948 – Indian pacifist and leader Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi known for his non-violent freedom struggle is assassinated by Pandit Nathuram Godse, a Hindu extremist.
1956 – American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.'s home is bombed in retaliation for the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1959 – MS Hans Hedtoft, said to be the safest ship afloat and "unsinkable" like the RMS Titanic, struck an iceberg on her maiden voyage and sank, killing all 95 aboard.
1960 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.
1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 6 is launched.
1964 – In a bloodless coup, General Nguyen Khanh overthrows General Duong Van Minh's military junta in South Vietnam.
1969 – The Beatles' last public performance, on the roof of Apple Records in London. The impromptu concert is broken up by the police.
1971 – Carole King's Tapestry album is released, it would become the longest charting album by a female solo artist and sell 24 million copies worldwide.
1972 – Bloody Sunday: British Paratroopers kill fourteen unarmed civil rights/anti internment marchers in Northern Ireland.
1972 – Pakistan withdraws from the Commonwealth of Nations.
1975 – The Monitor National Marine Sanctuary is established as the first United States National Marine Sanctuary.
1979 – A Varig 707-323C freighter, flown by the same commander as Flight 820, disappears over the Pacific Ocean 30 minutes after taking off from Tokyo.
1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called "Elk Cloner".
1989 – The American embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan closes.
1994 – Péter Lékó becomes the youngest chess grand master.
1995 – Workers from the National Institutes of Health announce the success of clinical trials testing the first preventive treatment for sickle-cell disease.
1996 – Gino Gallagher, the suspected leader of the Irish National Liberation Army, is killed while waiting in line for his unemployment benefit.
2000 – Off the coast of Ivory Coast, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169.

Births

133 – Marcus Severus Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (d. 193)
1563 – Franciscus Gomarus, Dutch theologian (d. 1641)
1615 – Thomas Rolfe, American colonial settler; son of Pocahontas and John Rolfe (d. 1675)
1661 – Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)
1697 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flautist and composer (d. 1773)
1720 – Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (d. 1778)
1754 – John Lansing, Jr., American statesman (d. 1829)
1775 – Walter Savage Landor, English writer (d. 1864)
1781 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (d. 1838)
1816 – Nathaniel Prentice Banks, American politician, 25th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and 24th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1894)
1822 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (d. 1899)
1832 – Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier (d. 1897)
1841 – Félix Faure, French politician (d. 1899)
1859 – Tony Mullane, Irish-born American baseball player (d. 1944)
1861 – Charles Martin Loeffler, German-born composer (d. 1935)
1862 – Walter Johannes Damrosch, German-born composer (d. 1950)
1866 – Gelett Burgess, American literary humorist (d. 1951)
1873 – Georges Ricard-Cordingley, French painter (d. 1939)
1878 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (d. 1940)
1882 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American politician, 44th Governor of New York, and 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
1890 – Bruno Kastner, German actor (d. 1932)
1889 – Jaishankar Prasad, Indian poet and dramatist (d. 1937)
1894 – Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria (d. 1943)
1899 – Max Theiler, South African virologist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1972)
1901 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (d. 1959)
1902 – Nikolaus Pevsner, German-born art historian (d. 1983)
1910 – Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (d. 2000)
1911 – Roy Eldridge, American musician (d. 1989)
1912 – Werner Hartmann, German physicist (d. 1988)
1912 – Francis Schaeffer, American theologian and pastor (d. 1984)
1912 – Barbara W. Tuchman, American historian (d. 1989)
1913 – Percy Thrower, British Television Gardener (d. 1988)
1914 – Luc-Marie Bayle, French naval officer and artist (d. 2000)
1914 – John Ireland, Canadian actor (d. 1992)
1914 – David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
1915 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (d. 1976)
1915 – John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
1917 – Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver and motorsport journalist (d. 2008)
1918 – David Opatoshu, American television actor (d. 1996)
1919 – Nikolay Glazkov, Russian poet (d. 1979)
1920 – Michael Anderson, English film director
1920 – Carwood Lipton, American WWII veteran (d. 2001)
1920 – Delbert Mann, American film director (d. 2007)
1922 – Dick Martin, American comedian (d. 2008)
1923 – Walt Dropo, American baseball player (d. 2010)
1924 – Lloyd Alexander, American writer (d. 2007)
1925 – Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist
1925 – Dorothy Malone, American actress
1927 – Olof Palme, Swedish politician (d. 1986)
1927 – Bendapudi Venkata Satyanarayana, Indian dermatologist (d. 2005)
1928 – Hal Prince, American stage producer and director
1929 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian surgeon and aid worker (d. 1996)
1930 – Sandy Amorós, Cuban baseball player (d. 1992)
1930 – Samuel Byck, American attempted assassin of Richard Nixon (d. 1974)
1930 – Gene Hackman, American actor
1930 – Magnus Malan, South African politician
1931 – John Crosbie, Canadian politician
1931 – Allan W. Eckert, American naturalist and author
1931 – Shirley Hazzard, Australian-born author
1932 – Knock Yokoyama, Japanese comedian and politician
1933 – Louis Rukeyser, American journalist (d. 2006)
1935 – Richard Brautigan, American writer and poet (d. 1984)
1936 – F. Vernon Boozer, American politician
1936 – Patrick Caulfield, British painter and printmaker (d. 2005)
1936 – Horst Jankowski, German popular pianist (d. 1998)
1937 – Ed Hansen, American film director and editor (d. 2005)
1937 – Vanessa Redgrave, English actress
1937 – Boris Spassky, Russian chess player
1938 – Islam Karimov, Uzbekistani politician
1941 – Gregory Benford, American author and scientist
1941 – Dick Cheney, American politician, 7th White House Chief of Staff, Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming, 17th United States Secretary of Defense and 46th Vice President of the United States
1941 – Tineke Lagerberg, Dutch swimmer
1942 – Marty Balin, American musician (Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship)
1943 – Davey Johnson, American baseball player and manager
1945 – Michael Dorris, American author (d. 1997)
1947 – Les Barker, English poet
1947 – Steve Marriott, English musician (Humble Pie, The Small Faces) (d. 1991)
1948 – Nick Broomfield, English documentarian
1948 – Paul Magee, Irish IRA figure
1948 – Miles Reid, English mathematician
1949 – Peter Agre, American biologist, Nobel laureate
1950 – Trinidad Silva, American actor (d. 1988)
1951 – Phil Collins, English musician (Genesis)
1951 – Charles S. Dutton, American actor
1951 – Bobby Stokes, English former footballer (d. 1995)
1952 – Doug Falconer, Canadian football player
1953 – Fred Hembeck, American cartoonist
1955 – John Baldacci, American politician, 73rd governor of Maine
1955 – Curtis Strange, American golfer
1955 – Judith Tarr, American author
1955 – Mychal Thompson, Bahamian basketball player
1956 – Jeremy Gittins, English actor
1956 – Keiichi Tsuchiya, Japanese racing driver
1956 – Darko Rundek, Croatian rock singer, songwriter, poet, actor and theatrical director
1957 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (d. 1999)
1958 – Brett Butler, American actress and comedian
1959 – Mark Eitzel, American singer and musician (American Music Club)
1959 – Jody Watley, American singer
1960 – Tony O'Dell, American actor
1960 – Alex Titomirov, Russian-born American businessman
1961 – Dexter Scott King, son of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King
1962 – King Abdullah II of Jordan
1963 – Tina Malone, English actress
1964 – Otis Smith, American basketball player
1965 – Julie McCullough, American model and actress
1966 – Danielle Goyette, Canadian ice hockey player
1967 – Jay Gordon, American musician
1968 – Trevor Dunn, American musician (Mr. Bungle, Fantômas, Secret Chiefs 3)
1968 – Prince Felipe of Spain
1968 – Tony Maudsley, British film actor
1969 – Carolyn Kepcher, American businesswoman and reality TV actor
1971 – Darren Boyd, British actor
1971 – Kimo von Oelhoffen, American football player
1972 – Lupillo Rivera, Mexican singer
1972 – Chris Simon, Canadian ice hockey player
1973 – Jalen Rose, American basketball player
1974 – Christian Bale, English actor
1974 – Olivia Colman, English actress
1974 – Jemima Khan, English socialite
1975 – Juninho Pernambucano, Brazilian footballer
1975 – Yumi Yoshimura, Japanese singer (Puffy Amiyumi)
1976 – Andy Milonakis, American comedian
1977 – Dan Hinote, American ice hockey player
1977 – Tom Malchow, American swimmer
1977 – Deltha O'Neal, American football player
1978 – Carmen Küng, Swiss curler
1978 – John Patterson, American baseball player
1979 – Trevor Gillies, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Leilani Dowding, British model
1980 – Josh Kelley, American musician
1980 – Pavel Ponomaryov, Russian-Estonian actor
1980 – Joãozinho, Brazilian footballer
1980 – Georgios Vakouftsis, Greek footballer
1980 – Wilmer Valderrama, American actor
1981 – Jonathan Bender, American basketball player
1981 – Dimitar Berbatov, Bulgarian footballer
1981 – Peter Crouch, English footballer
1981 – Mathias Lauda, Austrian racing driver
1982 – Jorge Cantu, Mexican baseball player
1982 – DeSagana Diop, Senegalese basketball player
1982 – Mark Nwokeji, English footballer
1984 – Jeremy Hermida, American baseball player
1984 – Kid Cudi, American hip hop performer
1984 – Xi Zhang, American Painter
1985 – Trae Williams, American football player
1986 – Sam Duckworth, British singer-songwriter
1986 – Nick Evans, American baseball player
1987 – Rebecca Knox, Irish professional wrestler
1987 – Renato Santos, Brazilian footballer
1987 – Arda Turan, Turkish footballer
1988 – Rob Pinkston, American actor
1989 – Khleo Thomas, American actor and rapper
1990 – Eiza Gonzalez, Mexican actress and singer
1990 – Luca Sbisa, Swiss ice hockey player
1990 – Jake Thomas, American actor
2005 – Prince Hashem bin Al Abdullah II of Jordan

Deaths

1030 – William V, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)
1181 – Emperor Takakura of Japan (b. 1161)
1384 – Louis II of Flanders (b. 1330)
1574 – Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (b. 1502)
1606 – Everard Digby, English conspirator (b. 1578)
1649 – King Charles I of England (b. 1600)
1730 – Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
1836 – Betsy Ross, American seamstress (b. 1752)
1849 – Jonathan Alder, American settler (b. 1773)
1858 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist (b. 1778)
1867 – Emperor Kōmei of Japan (b. 1831)
1869 – William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)
1889 – Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (b. 1858)
1926 – Barbara La Marr, American actress (b. 1896)
1928 – Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish scientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1867)
1929 – La Goulue, French dancer (b. 1866)
1934 – Frank Nelson Doubleday, American publisher (b. 1862)
1948 – Arthur Coningham, New Zealand air commander (b. 1895)
1948 – Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Father of Nation, India (b. 1869)
1948 – Orville Wright, American aviator (b. 1871)
1951 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (b. 1875)
1958 – Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (b. 1878)
1958 – Ernst Heinkel, German aviation engineer (b. 1888)
1962 – Manuel de Abreu, Brazilian physician (b. 1894)
1963 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (b. 1899)
1969 – Dominique Pire, Belgian monk, Nobel laureate (b. 1910)
1980 – Professor Longhair, American musician (b. 1918)
1982 – Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
1984 – Luke Kelly, Irish singer (The Dubliners) (b. 1940)
1984 – Lee McCall, South African bank robber (b. 1950)
1987 – Harold Loeffelmacher, Six Fat Dutchmen leader and polka musician (b. 1905)
1989 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz, Spanish pretender to the French throne (b. 1936)
1991 – John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1908)
1991 – Clifton C. Edom, American photojournalism educator (b. 1907)
1991 – John McIntire, American actor (b. 1907)
1994 – Pierre Boulle, French author (b. 1912)
1995 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist and television presenter (b. 1925)
1998 – Richard Cassilly, American tenor (b. 1927)
1999 – Huntz Hall, American actor (b. 1919)
1999 – Ed Herlihy, American broadcaster (b. 1909)
2001 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (b. 1911)
2001 – Johnnie Johnson, British fighter pilot (b. 1915)
2001 – Joseph Ransohoff, American neurosurgeon (b. 1915)
2005 – Martyn Bennett, Canadian musician (b. 1971)
2005 – Wes Wehmiller, American musician (b. 1971)
2006 – Coretta Scott King, American activist; widow of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1927)
2007 – Nikos Kourkoulos, Greek actor (b. 1934)
2007 – Sidney Sheldon, American author and screenwriter (b. 1917)
2008 – Jeremy Beadle, British television host (b. 1948)
2008 – Marcial Maciel, Mexican religious figure (b. 1920)
2008 – Roland Selmeczi, Hungarian actor (b. 1969)
2009 – John Gordy, American football player (b. 1935)
2009 – H. Guy Hunt, American politician (b. 1933)
2009 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)
2009 – Neiliezhü Üsou, Indian Baptist preacher (b. 1941)
2010 – Bernard Arcand, French-Canadian anthropologist (b. 1945)
2010 – Aaron Ruben, American television director (b. 1914)
2011 – John Barry, English film score composer (b. 1933)