Almanac - January 7
Charles Addams 1912-1988
Events
- 1325 – Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.
- 1558 – France takes Calais, the last continental possession of England.
- 1598 – Boris Godunov becomes Czar of Russia.
- 1608 – Fire destroys Jamestown, Virginia.
- 1610 – Galileo Galilei makes his first observation of the four Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa, although he is not able distinguish the last two until the following day.
- 1782 – The first American commercial bank, the Bank of North America, opens.
- 1785 – Frenchman Jean-Pierre Blanchard and American John Jeffries travel from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in a gas balloon.
- 1797 – The modern Italian flag is first used.
- 1835 – HMS Beagle drops anchor off the Chonos Archipelago.
- 1894 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film.
- 1904 – The distress signal "CQD" is established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS".
- 1919 – Montenegrin guerrilla fighters rebel against the planned annexation of Montenegro by Serbia, but fail.
- 1920 – The New York State Assembly refuses to seat five duly elected Socialist assemblymen.
- 1922 – Dáil Éireann ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by a 64-57 vote.
- 1927 – The first transatlantic telephone service is established – from New York, New York to London, England, United Kingdom.
- 1931 – Guy Menzies flies the first solo non-stop trans-Tasman flight (from Australia to New Zealand) in 11 hours and 45 minutes, crash-landing on New Zealand's west coast.
- 1935 – Benito Mussolini and Vichy French Foreign minister Pierre Laval sign the Franco-Italian Agreement.
- 1940 – Winter War: The Finnish 9th Division stops and completely destroys the overwhelming Soviet forces on the Raate-Suomussalmi road.
- 1942 – World War II: The siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
- 1945 – World War II: British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of the Bulge.
- 1948 – Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of a supposed UFO.
- 1950 – A fire at the Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Iowa, kills 41 people.
- 1952 – President Harry S. Truman announces that the United States has developed the hydrogen bomb.
- 1954 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: the first public demonstration of a machine translation system, is held in New York at the head office of IBM.
- 1959 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
- 1960 – The Polaris missile is test launched.
- 1968 – Surveyor Program: Surveyor 7, the last spacecraft in the Surveyor series, lifts off from launch complex 36A, Cape Canaveral.
- 1973 – Mark Essex fatally shoots 10 people and wounds 13 others at Howard Johnson's Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana, before being shot to death by police officers.
- 1979 – Third Indochina War – Cambodian–Vietnamese War: Phnom Penh falls to the advancing Vietnamese troops, driving out Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge.
- 1980 – President Jimmy Carter authorizes legislation giving $1.5 billion in loans to bail out the Chrysler Corporation.
- 1984 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- 1985 – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency launches Sakigake, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the United States or the Soviet Union.
- 1990 – The interior of the Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public because of safety concerns.
- 1991 – Roger Lafontant, former leader of the Tonton Macoutes in Haiti under François Duvalier, attempts a coup d'état, which ends in his arrest.
- 1993 – The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated with Jerry Rawlings as President.
- 1993 – Bosnian War: The Bosnian Army executes a surprise attack on the village of Kravica in Srebrenica.
- 1999 – The Senate trial in the impeachment of U.S. President Bill Clinton begins.
- 2010 – Muslim gunmen open fire on a crowd of Coptic Christians leaving church after celebrating a midnight Christmas mass, killing eight of them as well as one Muslim bystander.
Births
- 1355 – Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, son of Edward III of England (d. 1397)
- 1502 – Pope Gregory XIII (d. 1585)
- 1528 – Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre (d. 1572)
- 1647 – Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1677)
- 1685 – Jonas Alströmer, Swedish industrialist (d. 1761)
- 1706 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (d. 1751)
- 1718 – Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1790)
- 1746 – George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1823)
- 1768 – Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples (d. 1844)
- 1786 – John Catron, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1865)
- 1796 – Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (d. 1817)
- 1800 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (d. 1874)
- 1827 – Sir Sandford Fleming, Canadian engineer; introduced Universal Standard Time (d. 1915)
- 1831 – Heinrich von Stephan, German labor organizer (d. 1897)
- 1832 – James Munro, Premier of Victoria (d. 1908)
- 1834 – Johann Philipp Reis, German physicist and inventor (d. 1874)
- 1837 – Thomas Henry Ismay, founder of the White Star Line shipping company (d. 1899)
- 1844 – Bernadette Soubirous, French saint (d. 1879)
- 1845 – King Ludwig III of Bavaria (d. 1921)
- 1858 – Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, key figure in the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language (d. 1922)
- 1860 – Emanuil Manolov, Bulgarian composer (d. 1902)
- 1870 – Lord Gordon Hewart, British judge (d. 1943)
- 1871 – Émile Borel, French mathematician and politician (d. 1956)
- 1873 – Charles Péguy, French poet and essayist (d. 1914)
- 1873 – Adolph Zukor, Hungarian producer (d. 1976)
- 1875 – Gustav Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1945)
- 1875 – Thomas Hicks, American runner (d. 1963)
- 1876 – William Hurlstone, English composer (d. 1906)
- 1888 – Vera de Bosset, Russian artist, wife of Igor Stravinsky (d. 1982)
- 1891 – Zora Neale Hurston, African-American writer (d. 1960)
- 1895 – Hudson Fysh, Australian aviator and co-founder of Qantas (d. 1974)
- 1895 – Clara Haskil, Romanian pianist (d. 1960)
- 1896 – Arnold Ridley, British playwright and actor (d. 1984)
- 1899 – Al Bowlly, British jazz singer (d. 1941)
- 1899 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
- 1900 – John Brownlee, Australian tenor (d. 1969)
- 1903 – Alan Napier, English actor (d. 1988)
- 1906 – Bobbi Trout, American aviator (d. 2003)
- 1907 – Nicanor Zabaleta, Spanish harpist (d. 1993)
- 1908 – Red Allen, American musician (d. 1967)
- 1910 – Orval Faubus, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1994)
- 1911 – Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
- 1912 – Charles Addams, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
- 1912 – Günter Wand, German conductor, composer (d. 2002)
- 1913 – Johnny Mize, American baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1916 – Paul Keres, Estonian chess player (d. 1975)
- 1917 – Ulysses Kay, American composer (d. 1995)
- 1921 – Chester Kallman, American writer (d. 1975)
- 1922 – Alvin Dark, American baseball player and manager
- 1922 – Vincent Gardenia, Italian-born actor (d. 1992)
- 1922 – Eric Jupp, British-born Australian composer, arranger, conductor (d. 2003)
- 1922 – Jean-Pierre Rampal, French flutist (d. 2000)
- 1923 – Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)
- 1924 – Geoffrey Bayldon, British actor
- 1924 – Pablo Birger, Argentine racing driver (d. 1966)
- 1925 – Gerald Durrell, British naturalist (d. 1995)
- 1926 – Kim Jong-pil, South Korean politician
- 1928 – William Peter Blatty, American screenwriter
- 1929 – Terry Moore, American actress
- 1932 – Joe Berinson, Australian politician
- 1933 – Elliott Kastner, American film producer (d. 2010)
- 1934 – Jean Corbeil, Canadian politician (d. 2002)
- 1934 – Charles Jenkins, American sprinter
- 1934 – Tassos Papadopoulos, President of Cyprus (d. 2008)
- 1935 – Kenny Davern, American jazz clarinetist (d. 2006)
- 1935 – Tommy Johnson, American tubist (d. 2006)
- 1935 – Valeri Kubasov, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1935 – Ducky Schofield, American baseball player
- 1936 – G. Robert Blakey, American attorney
- 1936 – Ben Cropp, Australian shark hunter and photographer
- 1938 – Lou Graham, American golfer
- 1938 – Roland Topor, French illustrator (d. 1997)
- 1939 – Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark
- 1941 – Iona Brown, British violinist and conductor (d. 2004)
- 1941 – Frederick D. Gregory, NASA astronaut
- 1941 – Manfred Schellscheidt, German American soccer coach
- 1941 – John E. Walker, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1942 – Vasily Alexeev, Russian weightlifter
- 1942 – Jim Lefebvre, American baseball player and manager
- 1942 – Danny Williams, South African singer (d. 2005)
- 1943 – Richard Armstrong, British conductor
- 1943 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese child victim of the Hiroshima atomic bomb (d. 1955)
- 1944 – Arne Scheie, Norwegian sports commentator
- 1944 – Tony Whitlam, Australian judge
- 1945 – Tony Conigliaro, American baseball player (d. 1990)
- 1945 – Gilles Marotte, French Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2005)
- 1945 – Dick Marty, Swiss politician
- 1945 – Raila Odinga, Prime Minister of Kenya
- 1946 – Michael Roizen, American anesthesiologist, internist and author
- 1946 – Jann Wenner, American publisher
- 1947 – Shobha De, Indian writer
- 1947 – Thurman Munson, American baseball player (d. 1979)
- 1948 – Kenny Loggins, American singer
- 1949 – Marshall Chapman, American singer-songwriter
- 1949 – Anne Schedeen, American actress
- 1949 – Steven Williams, American actor
- 1950 – Juan Gabriel, Mexican singer-songwriter
- 1950 – Erin Gray, American actress
- 1950 – Ross Grimsley, American baseball player
- 1950 – Malcolm Macdonald, English footballer
- 1951 – Helen Worth, British actress
- 1952 – Sammo Hung, Hong Kong actor
- 1953 – Morris Titanic, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1954 – José María Vitier, Cuban music composer and pianist
- 1956 – David Caruso, American actor
- 1956 – Mike Liut, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1956 – Uwe Ochsenknecht, German actor and singer
- 1957 – Nicholson Baker, American novelist
- 1957 – Katie Couric, American television host
- 1957 – Reena Roy, Indian actress
- 1957 – Julian Solis, Puerto Rican boxer
- 1958 – Linda Kozlowski, American actress
- 1958 – Donna Rice, American sex scandal figure
- 1959 – Jon Larsen, Norwegian musician and composer
- 1959 – Kathy Valentine, American musician (The Go-Go's)
- 1960 – David Marciano, American actor
- 1960 – Loretta Sanchez, American politician, U.S. Representative from California
- 1961 – Supriya Pathak, Indian actress
- 1961 – Andrew Thomson, Australian politician
- 1961 – John Thune, American politician, junior senator of South Dakota
- 1962 – Aleksandr Dugin, Russian politician
- 1962 – Hallie Todd, American actress
- 1963 – Clint Mansell, English musician and composer
- 1963 – Rand Paul, American politician, Junior Senator from Kentucky
- 1964 – Nicolas Cage, American actor
- 1966 – Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy, American publicist (d. 1999)
- 1966 – Ehab Tawfik, Egyptian singer
- 1967 – Nick Clegg, British Liberal Democrat Leader
- 1967 – Guy Hebert, American ice hockey player
- 1967 – Mark Lamarr, British comedian and broadcaster
- 1969 – David Yost, American actor
- 1970 – Todd Day, American basketball player
- 1970 – Doug E. Doug, American actor
- 1970 – Joao Ricardo, Angolan footballer
- 1971 – C.W. Anderson, American professional wrestler
- 1971 – Tina Anderson, American comic book writer
- 1971 – Jeremy Renner, American actor
- 1972 – Donald Brashear, American ice hockey player
- 1973 – Baiba Broka, Latvian actress
- 1973 – Jonna Tervomaa, Finnish singer
- 1974 – Alenka Bikar, Slovenian athlete
- 1974 – John Rich, American musician (Big & Rich)
- 1975 – Tift Merritt, American singer songwriter
- 1976 – Éric Gagné, Canadian baseball player
- 1976 – Alfonso Soriano, Dominican baseball player
- 1977 – Michelle Behennah, British model
- 1977 – Dustin Diamond, American actor
- 1977 – John Gidding, American architect and TV host
- 1978 – Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian shooting victim (d. 2005)
- 1978 – Kevin Mench, American baseball player
- 1978 – Emilio Palma, first person born on the Antarctic continent
- 1979 – Bipasha Basu, Indian model and actress
- 1979 – Ricardo Maurício, Brazilian racing driver
- 1979 – Mariangel Ruiz, Venezuelan actress and model
- 1980 – Campbell Johnstone, New Zealand All Black rugby player
- 1980 – Zöe Salmon, Northern Irish television presenter
- 1981 – Alex Auld, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1981 – Marquis Daniels, American basketball player
- 1982 – Francisco Rodriguez, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1982 – Hannah Stockbauer, German swimmer
- 1982 – Ianina Zanazzi, Argentine racing driver
- 1983 – Edwin Encarnación, Dominican baseball player (raised in Puerto Rico)
- 1983 – Natalie Gulbis, American golfer
- 1983 – Robert Ri'chard, American actor
- 1983 – Liesbeth Mouha, Belgian beach volleyball player
- 1984 – Diego Balbinot, Italian footballer
- 1984 – Jon Lester, American baseball player
- 1984 – Antonino Saviano, Italian footballer
- 1985 – Lewis Hamilton, English F1 racing driver
- 1985 – Wayne Routledge, English footballer
- 1986 – Grant Leadbitter, English footballer
- 1987 – Lyndsy Fonseca, American actress
- 1987 – Jimmy Smith, English footballer
- 1988 – Haley Bennett, American singer and actress
- 1988 – Scott Pendlebury, Australian footballer
- 1988 – Robert Sheehan, Irish actor
- 1989 – Emiliano Insúa, Argentine footballer
- 1990 – Liam Aiken, American actor
- 1990 – Elene Gedevanishvili, Georgian figure skater
- 1990 – Camryn Grimes, American actress
- 1990 – Gregor Schlierenzauer, Austrian ski jumper
- 1991 – Eden Hazard, Belgian footballer
- 1991 – Max Morrow, Canadian actor
Deaths
- 1285 – King Charles I of Naples (b. 1226)
- 1325 – King Dinis of Portugal (b. 1261)
- 1400 – Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey, English politician (b. 1374)
- 1451 – Count Amadeus VIII of Svoy (b. 1383)
- 1536 – Catherine of Aragon, consort of Henry VIII of England (b. 1485)
- 1566 – Louis de Blois, Flemish mystic (b. 1506)
- 1619 – Nicholas Hilliard, English painter (b. c.1547)
- 1625 – Ruggiero Giovannelli, Italian composer (b. c.1560)
- 1655 – Pope Innocent X (b. 1574)
- 1658 – Theophilus Eaton, American colonist (b. 1590)
- 1694 – Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, English general (b. c.1618)
- 1700 – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquarian (b. 1618)
- 1715 – François Fénelon, French-Catholic theologian and writer (b. 1651)
- 1758 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish poet (b. 1686)
- 1767 – Thomas Clap, 1st president of Yale University (b. 1703)
- 1770 – Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (b. 1695)
- 1783 – William Tans'ur, English hymnist (b. 1700)
- 1786 – Jean-Étienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (b. 1715)
- 1812 – Joseph Dennie, American writer (b. 1768)
- 1830 – Thomas Lawrence, English painter (b. 1769)
- 1864 – Caleb Blood Smith, 6th U.S. Secretary of the Interior (b. 1808)
- 1876 – Juste Olivier, Swiss poet (b. 1807)
- 1878 – François-Vincent Raspail, French chemist (b. 1794)
- 1892 – Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (b. 1852)
- 1893 – Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist and mathematician (b. 1835)
- 1913 – Jack Boyle, American baseball player (b. 1866)
- 1919 – Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1843)
- 1920 – Sir Edmund Barton, 1st Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1849)
- 1932 – André Maginot, French eponym of the Maginot Line (b. 1877)
- 1936 – Guy d'Hardelot, French composer, best known for Because (b. 1858)
- 1943 – Nikola Tesla, Serbian-born inventor and electrical engineer (b. 1856)
- 1944 – Lou Hoover, U.S. First Lady (b. 1874)
- 1944 – Napoleon Lapathiotis, Greek poet (b. 1888)
- 1946 – Adamo Didur, Polish tenor (b. 1874)
- 1951 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (b. 1886)
- 1953 – Osa Johnson, American explorer (b. 1894)
- 1960 – Dorothea Douglass Chambers (aka Katharine Lambert Chambers), UK tennis player (b. 1878)
- 1963 – Arthur Moore, Premier of Queensland (b. 1876)
- 1964 – Cyril Davies, English musician (b. 1932)
- 1966 – Allan Chapman, Scottish politician (b. 1897)
- 1967 – David Goodis, American writer (b. 1917)
- 1967 – Carl Schuricht, German conductor (b. 1880)
- 1968 – Prof. James Smith, South African ichthyologist (b. 1897)
- 1968 – Gholamreza Takhti, Iranian wrestler (b. 1930)
- 1972 – John Berryman, American poet (b. 1914)
- 1972 – Eftichia Papagianopoulos, Greek lyricist (b. 1893)
- 1980 – Larry Williams, American singer and songwriter (b. 1935)
- 1981 – Alvar Lidell, UK radio broadcaster (b. 1908)
- 1981 – Eric Robinson, Australian politician (b. 1926)
- 1984 – Alfred Kastler, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- 1985 – Mary Hardy, Australian radio and television presenter (b. 1931)
- 1986 – P. D. Eastman, American children's book writer and illustrator (b. 1909)
- 1986 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican novelist (b. 1917)
- 1988 – Michel Auclair, French actor (b. 1922)
- 1988 – Trevor Howard, English actor (b. 1913)
- 1989 – Hirohito, Emperor of Japan (b. 1901)
- 1990 – Bronko Nagurski, American football player (b. 1908)
- 1990 – Horace Stoneham, American baseball executive (b. 1903)
- 1992 – Richard Hunt, American puppeteer (The Muppets) (b. 1951)
- 1995 – Murray Rothbard, American economist (b. 1926)
- 1996 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian politician (b. 1930)
- 1996 – Taro Okamoto, Japanese avant-garde artist (b. 1911)
- 1998 – Owen Bradley, American record producer (b. 1915)
- 1998 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
- 2000 – Gary Albright, American professional wrestler (b. 1963)
- 2001 – James Carr, American Rhythm & Blues and soul musicians (b. 1942)
- 2002 – Jon Lee, Welsh musician (Feeder) (b. 1968)
- 2002 – Avery Schreiber, American actor (b. 1935)
- 2004 – Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (b. 1926)
- 2005 – Pierre Daninos, French novelist (b. 1913)
- 2005 – Eileen Desmond, Irish politician (b. 1932)
- 2006 – Heinrich Harrer, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1912)
- 2007 – Bobby Hamilton, NASCAR team owner (b. 1957)
- 2007 – Magnús Magnússon, Icelandic-born television presenter (b. 1929)
- 2008 – Alwyn Schlebusch, South African vice state president (b. 1917)
- 2009 – Maria Dimitriadi, Greek singer (b. 1950)
- 2010 – Willie Mitchell, American soul singer (b. 1928)
- 2011 – Derek Gardner, British Formula 1 car designer (b. 1931)
Holidays and observances
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