Almanac - February 1
Clark Gable 1901-1960
Events
- 1327 – Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer.
- 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn, Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights (Prussia).
- 1662 – The Chinese general Koxinga seizes the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege.
- 1709 – Alexander Selkirk is rescued after being shipwrecked on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe.
- 1713 – The Kalabalik or Tumult in Bendery results from the Ottoman sultan's order that his unwelcome guest, King Charles XII of Sweden, be seized.
- 1790 – In New York City, the Supreme Court of the United States convenes for the first time.
- 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: France declares war on the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
- 1796 – The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York.
- 1814 – Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people, the most devastating eruption of the volcano.
- 1835 – Slavery is abolished in Mauritius.
- 1861 – American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States.
- 1865 – President Abraham Lincoln signs the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
- 1876 – A murder conviction effectively forces the violent Pennsylvanian Irish anti-owner coal miners, the "Molly Maguires", to disband.
- 1884 – The first volume (A to Ant) of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
- 1893 – Thomas A. Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio, the Black Maria in West Orange, New Jersey.
- 1897 – Shinhan Bank, the oldest bank in South Korea, opens in Seoul.
- 1908 – King Carlos I of Portugal and his son, Prince Luis Filipe are killed in Terreiro do Paco, Lisbon.
- 1918 – Russia adopts the Gregorian Calendar.
- 1920 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police begins operations.
- 1924 – The United Kingdom recognizes the USSR.
- 1942 – World War II: Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of German-occupied Norway, appoints Vidkun Quisling the Minister President of the National Government.
- 1942 – World War II: U.S. Navy conducts Marshalls-Gilberts raids, the first offensive action by the United States against Japanese forces in the Pacific Theater.
- 1942 – Voice of America, the official external radio and television service of the United States federal government, begins broadcasting with programs aimed at areas controlled by the Axis powers.
- 1946 – Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary General.
- 1957 – Felix Wankel's first working prototype DKM 54 of the Wankel engine runs at the NSU research and development department Versuchsabteilung TX in Germany
- 1958 – Egypt and Syria merge to form the United Arab Republic, which lasted until 1961.
- 1960 – Four black students stage the first of the Greensboro sit-ins at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina.
- 1965 – The Hamilton River in Labrador, Canada is renamed the Churchill River in honour of Winston Churchill.
- 1968 – Vietnam War: The execution of Viet Cong officer Nguyen Van Lem by South Vietnamese National Police Chief Nguyen Ngoc Loan is videotaped and photographed by Eddie Adams. This image helped build opposition to the Vietnam War.
- 1968 – Canada's three military services, the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force, are unified into the Canadian Forces.
- 1968 – The New York Central Railroad and the Pennsylvania Railroad are merged to form the ill-fated Penn Central Transportation.
- 1972 – Kuala Lumpur becomes a city by a royal charter granted by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- 1974 – A fire in the 25-story Joelma Building in Sao Paulo, Brazil kills 189 and injures 293.
- 1974 – Kuala Lumpur is declared a Federal Territory.
- 1978 – Director Roman Polanski skips bail and flees the United States to France after pleading guilty to charges of engaging in sex with a 13-year-old girl.
- 1979 – Convicted bank robber Patty Hearst is released from prison after her sentence is commuted by President Jimmy Carter.
- 1979 – The Ayatollah Khomeini is welcomed back to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile.
- 1982 – Senegal and the Gambia form a loose confederation known as Senegambia.
- 1989 – The Western Australian towns of Kalgoorlie and Boulder amalgamate to form the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder.
- 1991 – A runway collision between USAir Flight 1493 and SkyWest Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport results in the death of 34 persons, and the injury of 30 others.
- 1992 – The Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide, a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal Disaster case.
- 1993 – Gary Bettman becomes the NHL's first commissioner
- 1996 – The Communications Decency Act is passed by the U.S. Congress.
- 1998 – Rear Admiral Lillian E. Fishburne became the first female African American to be promoted to rear admiral.
- 2003 – Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven astronauts aboard.
- 2004 – 251 people are trampled to death and 244 injured in a stampede at the Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia.
- 2004 – Janet Jackson's breast is exposed during the half-time show of Super Bowl XXXVIII, resulting in US broadcasters adopting a stronger adherence to Federal Communications Commission censorship guidelines.
- 2005 – King Gyanendra of Nepal carries out a coup d'état to capture the democracy, becoming Chairman of the Councils of ministers.
- 2009 – Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir is chosen the first female Prime Minister of Iceland, becoming the first openly gay head of government in the modern world.
Births
- 1261 – Walter de Stapledon, English bishop (d. 1326)
- 1459 – Conrad Celtes, German scholar (d. 1508)
- 1462 – Johannes Trithemius, German cryptographer (d. 1516)
- 1552 – Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament (d. 1634)
- 1635 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (d. 1689)
- 1659 – Jacob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer (d. 1729)
- 1663 – Mother Ignacia del Espiritu Santo, Filipino foundress of the Religious of the Virgin Mary (d. 1748)
- 1687 – Johann Adam Birkenstock, German composer and violinist (d. 1733)
- 1690 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian composer (d. 1768)
- 1701 – Johan Agrell, late German/Swedish baroque composer (d. 1765)
- 1710 – Konrad Ernst Ackermann, German actor (d. 1771)
- 1761 – Christian Hendrik Persoon, South African mycologist (d. 1836)
- 1763 – Thomas Campbell, Irish theologian (d. 1854)
- 1764 – George Duff, Royal Navy Captain, killed in action at the Battle of Trafalgar (d.1805)
- 1796 – Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich, Swiss poet (d. 1865)
- 1801 – Émile Littré, French lexicographer (d. 1881)
- 1820 – George Hendric Houghton, American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (d. 1897)
- 1841 – William Davenport, American magician (d. 1877)
- 1844 – G. Stanley Hall, American psychologist (d. 1924)
- 1851 – Durham Stevens, American diplomat (d. 1908)
- 1859 – Victor Herbert, Irish composer (d. 1924)
- 1872 – Jerome F. Donovan, American politician (d. 1949)
- 1872 – Andrew Kehoe, American mass murderer (d. 1927)
- 1873 – Joseph Allard, Canadian fiddler (d. 1947)
- 1873 – John Barry, Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 1901)
- 1874 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (d. 1929)
- 1878 – Milan Hodža, Slovak politician (d. 1944)
- 1882 – Louis Stephen St. Laurent, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
- 1884 – Bradbury Robinson, who threw the first forward pass in American football history in 1906 (d. 1949)
- 1884 – Yevgeny Zamyatin, Russian writer (d. 1937)
- 1887 – Charles Nordhoff, English-born author (d. 1947)
- 1894 – John Ford, American director and producer (d. 1973)
- 1894 – James P. Johnson, American composer (d. 1955)
- 1895 – Conn Smythe, Canadian builder of the National Hockey League (d. 1980)
- 1897 – Denise Robins, (aka Francesca Wright, Ashley French, Harriet Gray, Julia Kane) British romance novelist (d. 1985)
- 1898 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician and medical researcher who co-developed the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine and supercentenarian.
- 1901 – Frank Buckles, last surviving American veteran of World War I (d. 2011)
- 1901 – Clark Gable, American actor (d. 1960)
- 1902 – Therese Brandl, Nazi concentration camp guard (d. 1947)
- 1902 – Langston Hughes African-American poet and author (d. 1967)
- 1904 – S. J. Perelman, American humorist (d. 1979)
- 1905 – Emilio G. Segrè, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1989)
- 1906 – Adetokunbo Ademola, Nigerian Chief Justice (d. 1993)
- 1906 – Hildegarde, American actress and singer (d. 2005)
- 1907 – Günter Eich, German lyricist (d. 1972)
- 1907 – Camargo Guarnieri, Brazilian composer (d. 1993)
- 1908 – George Pal, Hungarian-born director and producer (d. 1980)
- 1908 – Louis Rasminsky, Canadian economist, governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 1998)
- 1909 – George Beverly Shea, Canadian singer
- 1910 – Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Tibetan politician (d. 2009)
- 1915 – Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1917 – A. K. Hangal, Indian Character Actor
- 1917 – Eiji Sawamura, Japanese baseball player (d. 1944)
- 1918 – Muriel Spark, Scottish author (d. 2006)
- 1921 – Patricia Robins (alias Claire Lorrimer), British writer
- 1921 – Peter Sallis, English actor
- 1921 – Renata Tebaldi, Italian soprano (d. 2004)
- 1924 – Richard Hooker, American writer (d. 1997)
- 1924 – Ben Weider, Canadian businessman and author (d. 2008)
- 1926 – Shane Devine, United States Federal Judge (d. 1999)
- 1928 – Tom Lantos, American politician (d. 2008)
- 1928 – Stuart Whitman, American actor
- 1930 – Shahabuddin Ahmed, former President of Bangladesh
- 1930 – Mario Beaulieu, Canadian politician (d. 1998)
- 1930 – Hossain Mohammad Ershad, Bangladeshi politician
- 1931 – Iajuddin Ahmed, former President of Bangladesh
- 1931 – Boris Yeltsin, 1st President of the Russian Federation (d. 2007)
- 1932 – Jan Ramberg, Swedish law professor, and arbitration court judge
- 1934 – Bob Shane, American folk singer (The Kingston Trio)
- 1936 – Azie Taylor Morton, American civil servant, and 35th Treasurer of the United States (d. 2003)
- 1937 – Antonis Christeas, Greek basketball player (d. 2011)
- 1937 – Don Everly, American musician (Everly Brothers)
- 1937 – Garrett Morris, American comedian
- 1937 – Ray Sawyer, American singer (Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show)
- 1938 – Sherman Hemsley, American comedian and actor
- 1938 – Niculiţă Secrieriu, Romanian painter (d. 2002)
- 1939 – Fritjof Capra, Austrian physicist
- 1939 – Claude François, French singer (d. 1978)
- 1939 – Paul Gillmor, American politician (d. 2007)
- 1939 – Del McCoury, American bluegrass musician
- 1939 – Joe Sample, American jazz pianist
- 1940 – Bibi Besch, Austrian-American actress (d. 1996)
- 1940 – Hervé Filion, Canadian harness racer
- 1941 – Karl Dall, German television host
- 1941 – Jerry Spinelli, children's author
- 1942 – Terry Jones, Welsh actor and writer
- 1942 – Muna Wassef, Syrian/Arab actress and United Nations Goodwill ambassador
- 1944 – Mike Enzi, American politician, senior senator from Wyoming
- 1944 – Dick Snyder, American basketball player
- 1944 – Burkhard Ziese, German football manager (d. 2010)
- 1945 – Serge Joyal, Canadian politician
- 1946 – Chris Clark, Motown Soul singer
- 1946 – Elisabeth Sladen, English Actress (d. 2011)
- 1946 – Gerhard Welz, German footballer
- 1947 – Mike Brant, Israeli pop singer (d. 1975)
- 1947 – Normie Rowe, Australian singer
- 1947 – Jessica Savitch, American journalist (d. 1983)
- 1948 – Rick James, American musician and composer (d. 2004)
- 1950 – Mike Campbell, American guitarist and producer
- 1951 – Sonny Landreth, American guitarist and songwriter
- 1952 – Jenő Jandó, Hungarian pianist
- 1953 – Brendan Batson, English former footballer
- 1954 – Chuck Dukowski, American musician (Black Flag)
- 1954 – Bill Mumy, American actor and musician
- 1955 – Ernie Camacho, baseball player
- 1956 – Brahmanandam, Indian film actor
- 1956 – Exene Cervenka, American musician
- 1956 – Mike Kitchen, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1957 – Renae Jacobs, American voice actress
- 1958 – Luther Blissett, English footballer
- 1958 – Ryo Horikawa, Japanese voice actor
- 1958 – Jackie Shroff, Indian actor
- 1961 – Volker Fried, German field hockey player
- 1961 – Daniel Tani, NASA astronaut
- 1962 – José Luis Cuciuffo, Argentinian footballer (d. 2004)
- 1962 – Tomoyasu Hotei, Japanese guitarist
- 1963 – Takashi Murakami, Japanese artist
- 1964 – Jani Lane American musician, songwriter (d. 2011)
- 1964 – Mario Pelchat, Canadian singer
- 1964 – Linus Roache, English actor
- 1965 – Sherilyn Fenn, American actress
- 1965 – Brandon Lee, American actor (d. 1993)
- 1965 – Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
- 1966 – Michelle Akers, American soccer player
- 1966 – Vasilis Dimitriadis, Greek footballer
- 1966 – Rob Lee, English footballer
- 1967 – Meg Cabot, American author
- 1967 – Patle Shishupal Natthu, Indian politician
- 1968 – Kent Mercker, American baseball player
- 1968 – Lisa Marie Presley, American singer and actress
- 1968 – Mark Recchi, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1968 – Pauly Shore, American comedian
- 1969 – Gabriel Batistuta, Argentine footballer
- 1969 – Brian Krause, American actor
- 1969 – Joshua Redman, American musician
- 1969 – Patrick Wilson, American musician (Weezer)
- 1970 – Yasuyuki Kazama, Japanese racing driver
- 1970 – Malik Sealy, American basketball player (d. 2000)
- 1971 – Harald Martin Brattbakk, Norwegian footballer
- 1971 – Michael C. Hall, American actor
- 1971 – Ajay Jadeja, Former Indian cricketer
- 1971 – Jill Kelly, American porn actress
- 1971 – Hynden Walch, American actress
- 1971 – Ron Welty, American musician
- 1971 – Zlatko Zahovič, Slovenian footballer
- 1972 – Yoshi DeHerrera, American TV personality
- 1972 – Kami (musician), drummer of Japanese visual kei band Malice Mizer (d. 1999)
- 1973 – Andrew DeClercq, American basketball player
- 1973 – Yuri Landman, Experimental musical instrument builder, musician and comic book artist
- 1973 – Makiko Ohmoto, Japanese voice actress
- 1974 – Walter McCarty, American basketball player
- 1974 – David Meca, Spanish long distance swimmer
- 1975 – Big Boi, American musician (Outkast)
- 1975 – Katerina Thanou, Greek sprinter
- 1976 – Phil Ivey, American poker player
- 1977 – Kevin Kilbane, Irish footballer
- 1977 – Robert Traylor, American basketball player (d. 2011)
- 1978 – Domenick Davies, Welsh-born German rugby player
- 1978 – Tim Harding, Australian singer (Hi-5)
- 1979 – Julie Augustyniak, American soccer player
- 1979 – Valentín Elizalde, Mexican singer (d. 2006)
- 1979 – Rachelle LeFevre, Canadian actress
- 1979 – Juan Silveira dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
- 1980 – Héctor Luna, Dominican Republic baseball player
- 1980 – Moisés Muñoz, Mexican footballer
- 1980 – Otilino Tenorio, Ecuadorian footballer (d. 2005)
- 1981 – Rob Austin, British racing driver
- 1981 – Luis Lamá, Angolan footballer
- 1981 – Graeme Smith, South African cricketer
- 1982 – Gavin Henson, Welsh rugby player
- 1982 – Shoaib Malik, Pakistani cricketer
- 1983 – Kevin Martin, American basketball player
- 1983 – Jurgen Van Den Broeck, Belgian cyclist
- 1983 – Andrew VanWyngarden, musician (MGMT)
- 1984 – Darren Fletcher, Scottish footballer
- 1984 – Lee Thompson Young, American actor
- 1985 – Jodi Gordon, Australian actress and model
- 1985 – Rachael Scdoris, American dog musher
- 1985 – Karine Sergerie, Canadian Taekwondo world champion
- 1985 – Dean Shiels, Northern Irish footballer
- 1986 – Lauren Conrad, American reality TV personality
- 1987 – Wu Jingyu, Chinese taekwondo practitioner
- 1987 – Heather Morris, American actress and dancer
- 1987 – Giuseppe Rossi, Italian footballer
- 1987 – Montario Hardesty, American football player
- 1988 – Mark Healey, British computer games developer
- 1988 – Brett Anderson, American baseball player
- 1989 – Ricky Pinheiro, Portuguese footballer
- 1990 – Laura Marling, English singer-songwriter
- 1991 – Luca Caldirola, Italian footballer
Deaths
- 1248 – Henry II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1207)
- 1328 – King Charles IV of France (b. 1294)
- 1542 – Girolamo Aleandro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1480)
- 1563 – Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia (died of fever) (b. 1559)
- 1590 – Lawrence Humphrey,English clergyman and educator
- 1673 – Elizabeth Fones, English-born colonial American pioneer (b. 1610)
- 1691 – Pope Alexander VIII (b. 1610)
- 1718 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician (b. 1660)
- 1733 – King Augustus II of Poland (b. 1670)
- 1734 – John Floyer, English physician and writer (b. 1649)
- 1743 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian composer (b. 1657)
- 1761 – Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, French historian (b. 1682)
- 1768 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, British cavalry officer (b. 1685)
- 1793 – William Wildman Shute Barrington, British statesman (b. 1717)
- 1832 – Archibald Murphey, North Carolina politician (b. 1777)
- 1850 – Edward Baker Lincoln, son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1846)
- 1851 – Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797)
- 1893 – George Henry Sanderson, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1824)
- 1897 – Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian geologist (b. 1826)
- 1903 – George Gabriel Stokes, Irish physicist (b. 1819)
- 1908 – King Carlos I of Portugal (b. 1863)
- 1922 – William Desmond Taylor, American silent film actor and director; his murder remains unsolved. (b. 1872)
- 1928 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
- 1936 – Georgios Kondylis, general of the Greek army and Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1878)
- 1940 – Philip Francis Nowlan, science fiction writer, creator of Buck Rogers character (b. 1888)
- 1944 – Piet Mondriaan, Dutch painter (b. 1872)
- 1945 – Prince Kiril of Bulgaria, prince of Bulgaria (b. 1895)
- 1949 – Herbert Stothart, American composer, song writer (b. 1885)
- 1954 – Yvonne de Bray, French actress (b. 1889)
- 1957 – Friedrich Paulus, German general (b. 1890)
- 1958 – Clinton Davisson, American physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1888)
- 1959 – Madame Sul-Te-Wan, American actress (b. 1873)
- 1963 – Fleetwood Lindley, the last living person to see Abraham Lincoln's face (b. 1888)
- 1966 – Hedda Hopper, American film actress and gossip columnist (b. 1885)
- 1966 – Buster Keaton, American actor (b. 1895)
- 1968 – Jacob van der Hoeden, Dutch-Israeli veterinary scientist (b. 1891)
- 1970 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1921)
- 1976 – Werner Heisenberg, German physicist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1901)
- 1976 – George Whipple, American scientist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1878)
- 1979 – Abdi İpekçi, Turkish journalist (b. 1929)
- 1980 – Gastone Nencini, Italian cyclist (b. 1930)
- 1981 – Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American aircraft manufacturer (b. 1892)
- 1981 – Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (b. 1908)
- 1986 – Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician, diplomat, and writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1902)
- 1987 – Alessandro Blasetti, Italian film director (b. 1900)
- 1988 – Heather O'Rourke, American actress (b. 1975)
- 1989 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (b. 1918)
- 1991 – Carol Dempster, American actress (b. 1901)
- 1991 – Phil Watson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1914)
- 1992 – Jean Hamburger, French physician, surgeon and essayist (b. 1909)
- 1995 – Richey James Edwards, lyricist and rhythm guitarist of Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers (presumed dead) (b. 1967)
- 1997 – Herb Caen, American newspaper columnist (b. 1916)
- 1999 – Paul Mellon, American philanthropist (b. 1907)
- 2001 – André D'Allemagne, Quebec teacher, political observer and essayist (b. 1929)
- 2002 – Hildegard Knef, German actress, singer, and writer (b. 1925)
- 2003 – Crew of the STS-107 Mission (Space Shuttle Columbia disaster)
- 2003 – Mongo Santamaria, Cuban percussionist and band leader (b. 1922)
- 2004 – May O'Donnell, American modern dancer and choreographer (b. 1909)
- 2005 – John Vernon, Canadian actor (b. 1932)
- 2006 – Dick Bass, American football player (b. 1937)
- 2006 – Bryce Harland, New Zealand diplomat (b. 1931)
- 2007 – Whitney Balliett, American jazz critic (b. 1926)
- 2007 – Ray Berres, American baseball player (b. 1907)
- 2007 – Ahmad Abu Laban, Danish Muslim leader (b. 1946)
- 2007 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-born composer (b. 1911)
- 2007 – Seri Wangnaitham, Thai dance choreographer (b. 1937)
- 2008 – Beto Carrero, Brazilian theme park owner and entertainer (b. 1937)
- 2010 – Justin Mentell, American artist and actor (b. 1982)
Holidays and observances
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