today.nukz.net: Almanac

Helen Gurley Brown b.1922

Events

1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.
1268 – The Livonian Brothers of the Sword are defeated by Dovmont of Pskov in the Battle of Rakvere.
1332 – Amda Seyon I, Emperor of Ethiopia begins his campaigns in the southern Muslim provinces.
1478 – George, Duke of Clarence, convicted of treason against his older brother Edward IV of England, is executed in private at the Tower of London.
1637 – Eighty Years' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.
1745 – The city of Surakarta, Central Java is founded on the banks of Bengawan Solo River, and becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Surakarta.
1781 – Fourth Anglo-Dutch War: Captain Thomas Shirley opened his expedition against Dutch colonial outposts on the Gold Coast of Africa (present-day Ghana).
1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Sir Ralph Abercromby and a fleet of 18 British warships invade Trinidad.
1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Montereau.
1846 – Beginning of the Galician peasant revolt.
1861 – In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
1861 – With the Italian unification almost complete, Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia assumes the title of King of Italy.
1865 – Union forces under Major General William T. Sherman set the South Carolina State House on fire during the burning of Columbia.
1873 – Bulgarian revolutionary leader Vasil Levski is executed by hanging in Sofia by the Ottoman authorities.
1878 – John Tunstall is murdered by outlaw Jesse Evans, sparking the Lincoln County War in Lincoln County, New Mexico.
1900 – Second Boer War: Imperial forces suffer their worst single-day loss of life on Bloody Sunday, the first day of the Battle of Paardeberg.
1906 – Edouard de Laveleye forms the Belgian Olympic Committee in Brussels.
1911 – The first official flight with air mail takes place in Allahabad, British India, when Henri Pequet, a 23-year-old pilot, delivers 6,500 letters to Naini, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away.
1913 – Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
1930 – While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto.
1930 – Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in a fixed-wing aircraft and also the first cow to be milked in an aircraft.
1932 – The Empire of Japan declares Manzhouguo (the obsolete Chinese name for Manchuria) independent from the Republic of China.
1938 – During the Nanking Massacre Nanking Safety Zone International Committee renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee" and safety zone in place for refugees falls apart.
1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Army begins the systematic extermination of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese in Singapore.
1943 – The Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement.
1943 – Joseph Goebbels delivers his Sportpalast speech.
1946 – Sailors of the Royal Indian Navy mutinied in Mumbai harbour, from where it would spread throughout British India and involve 78 ships, 20 shore establishments and 20,000 sailors
1954 – The first Church of Scientology is established in Los Angeles, California.
1955 – Operation Teapot: Teapot test shot "Wasp" is successfully detonated at the Nevada Test Site with a yield of 1.2 kilotons. Wasp is the first of fourteen shots of the Teapot series.
1957 – Kenyan rebel leader Dedan Kimathi is executed by the British colonial government.
1957 – Walter James Bolton becomes the last person legally executed in New Zealand.
1965 – The Gambia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
1969 – Hawthorne Nevada Airlines Flight 708 crashes into Mount Whitney killing all on board.
1970 – The Chicago Seven are found not guilty of conspiring to incite riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
1972 – The California Supreme Court in the case of People v. Anderson, 6 Cal.3d 628 invalidates the state's death penalty and commutes the sentences of all death row inmates to life imprisonment.
1977 – The Space Shuttle Enterprise test vehicle is carried on its maiden "flight" on top of a Boeing 747.
1978 – The first Ironman Triathlon competition takes place on the island of Oahu, won by Gordon Haller.
1979 – Snow falls in the Sahara Desert in southern Algeria for the only time in recorded history.
1983 – Thirteen people die and one is seriously injured in the Wah Mee Massacre in Seattle, Washington. It is said to be the largest robbery-motivated mass-murder in U.S. history.
1991 – The IRA explodes bombs in the early morning at Paddington station and Victoria station in London.
2001 – FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested for spying for the Soviet Union. He is ultimately convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment.
2001 – Seven-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion Dale Earnhardt dies in an accident during the Daytona 500.
2001 – Inter-ethnic violence between Dayaks and Madurese breaks out in Sampit, Indonesia, that will ultimately result in more than 500 deaths and 100,000 Madurese displaced from their homes.
2003 – Nearly 200 people die in the Daegu subway fire in South Korea.
2004 – Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, die near Neyshabur in Iran when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol and fertilizer catches fire and explodes.
2007 – Terrorist bombs explode on the Samjhauta Express in Panipat, Haryana, India, killing 68 people.
2010 – Nigerien rebels attacked the presidential palace in Niamey and replaced President Mamadou Tandja with a ruling junta, the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy.

Births

1374 – Saint Jadwiga of Poland, queen of Poland (d. 1399)
1404 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian painter and philosopher (d. 1472)
1486 – Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Bengali yogi (d. 1534)
1516 – Queen Mary I of England (d. 1558)
1530 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1578)
1543 – Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1608)
1559 – Isaac Casaubon, French classical scholar (d. 1614)
1602 – Per Brahe, Swedish soldier (d. 1680)
1609 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English historian (d. 1674)
1632 – Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1692)
1635 – Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (d. 1680)
1642 – Marie Champmeslé, French actress (d. 1698)
1658 – Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre, French writer (d. 1743)
1732 – Johann Christian Kittel, German organist, composer, and teacher (d. 1809)
1745 – Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (d. 1827)
1814 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American-born U. S. Congressman (d. 1900)
1817 – Lewis A. Armistead, American Confederate general (d. 1863)
1818 – Pedro Figueredo, Cuban poet, musician, revolutionary (d. 1870)
1836 – Sri Ramakrishna, Indian Bengali guru of Swami Vivekananda (d. 1886)
1838 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist (d. 1916)
1841 – Gergely Luthár, Hungarian Slovene writer (d. 1925)
1846 – Wilson Barrett, English playwright (d. 1904)
1848 – Louis Comfort Tiffany, American glass artist (d. 1933)
1849 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author (d. 1906)
1850 – George Henschel, German-British baritone, conductor, composer (d. 1934)
1859 – Sholom Aleichem, Russian Yiddish humorist (d. 1916)
1862 – Charles M. Schwab, American steel magnate (d. 1939)
1870 – William Laurel Harris, American mural painter and writer (d. 1924)
1871 – Harry Brearley, English inventor (d. 1948)
1878 – Harriet Bosse, Swedish–Norwegian actress (d. 1961)
1883 – Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek author (d. 1957)
1883 – Madan Lal Dhingra, Indian Revolutionary (d. 1909)
1884 – Andrew Watson Myles, Canadian politician (d. 1970)
1890 – Edward Arnold, American actor (d. 1956)
1890 – Adolphe Menjou, American actor (d. 1963)
1892 – Wendell Willkie, American politician (d. 1944)
1897 – Charles Kuentz, German-born French WW1 veteran and centenarian (d. 2005)
1898 – Enzo Ferrari, founder of Ferrari (d. 1988)
1898 – Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1980)
1901 – Reginald Sheffield, British actor (d. 1957)
1902 – Walter Herbert, German-born conductor and impresario (d. 1975)
1903 – Nikolai Podgorny, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (d. 1983)
1905 – Queenie Leonard, American actress (d. 2002)
1906 – Hans Asperger, Austrian pediatrician (d. 1980)
1907 – Oscar Brodney, American screenwriter (d. 2008)
1909 – Tuppy Owen-Smith, South African cricketer and English rugby union player (d. 1990)
1909 – Wallace Stegner, American writer (d. 1993)
1914 – Pee Wee King, American country musician and songwriter (d. 2000)
1915 – Phyllis Calvert, British actress (d. 2002)
1916 – Jean Drapeau, Canadian politician, mayor of Montreal (d. 1999)
1918 – Jane Loevinger, American psychologist (d. 2008)
1919 – Jack Palance, American actor (d. 2006)
1920 – Bill Cullen, American game show host (d. 1990)
1920 – Eric Gairy, Grenadan politician (d. 1997)
1922 – Helen Gurley Brown, American editor
1922 – Allan Melvin, American actor (d. 2008)
1922 – Juhan Smuul, Estonian author (d. 1971)
1922 – Joe Tipton, American baseball player (d. 1994)
1922 – Connie Wisniewski, American baseball player [AAGPBL] (d. 1995)
1924 – Humberto Fernández Morán, Venezuelan scientist (d. 1999)
1924 – Louis Laberge, Canadian labour union leader (d. 2002)
1924 – Nicolo Rizzuto, Sicilian-born Canadian organized crime figure (d. 2010)
1924 – Sam Rolfe, American screenwriter (d. 1993)
1925 – Marcel Barbeau, Canadian artist
1925 – George Kennedy, American actor
1926 – Wallace Berman, American artist
1926 – Nalini Jaywant, Indian actress (d. 2010)
1927 – Luis Arroyo, Puerto Rican baseball player
1927 – Peter Fryer English Marxist writer and journalist (d. 2006)
1927 – John Warner, American politician, 61st United States Secretary of the Navy and American politician
1928 – Tom Johnson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
1929 – Len Deighton, British author
1929 – André Mathieu, Canadian composer (d. 1968)
1930 – Gahan Wilson, American cartoonist
1931 – Johnny Hart, American cartoonist (d. 2007)
1931 – Toni Morrison, American writer, Nobel laureate
1931 – Bob St. Clair, American football player
1932 – Miloš Forman, Czech film director
1933 – Yoko Ono, Japanese-born American singer and performance artist
1933 – Sir Bobby Robson, English football player and manager (d. 2009)
1933 – Mary Ure, Scottish actress (d. 1975)
1934 – Audre Lorde, Caribbean poet and activist (d. 1992)
1934 – Heini Müller, German footballer
1934 – Paco Rabanne, Spanish fashion designer
1935 – Michel Aoun, Lebanese prime minister
1935 – Janette Oke, Canadian writer
1936 – Jean Auel, American writer
1936 – Dick Duff, Canadian ice hockey player
1936 – Ab McDonald, Canadian ice hockey player
1938 – Manny Mota, Dominican baseball player
1938 – Sadanoyama Shinmatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 50th Yokozuna
1938 – István Szabó, Hungarian film director
1939 – Claude Ake, Nigerian political scientist
1939 – Marek Janowski, Polish-born conductor
1939 – Dal Maxvill, American baseball player
1940 – Fabrizio De André, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
1941 – Herman Santiago, American singer and songwriter (The Teenagers)
1941 – Irma Thomas, American singer
1943 – Graeme Garden, Scottish writer
1944 – Pat Bowlen, American sports team owner (Denver Broncos)
1945 – Judy Rankin, American golfer
1946 – Michael Buerk, British newsreader
1946 – Jean-Claude Dreyfus, French actor
1947 – Dennis DeYoung, American musician (Styx)
1947 – Princess Christina of the Netherlands
1947 – Carlos Lopes, Portuguese athlete
1947 – Eliot Lance Engel, American politician
1948 – Georg Brunnhuber, German politician
1948 – Sinéad Cusack, Irish actress
1948 – Keith Knudsen, American drummer and songwriter (The Doobie Brothers) (d. 2005)
1948 – Gilbert Sicotte, Canadian actor
1949 – Gary Ridgway, American serial killer
1950 – Michel Gauthier, Canadian politician
1950 – John Hughes, American film director (d. 2009)
1950 – Cybill Shepherd, American actress
1951 – Isabel Preysler, Philippines-born Spanish socialite
1952 – Maurice Lucas, American basketball player (d. 2010)
1952 – Juice Newton, American singer
1952 – Randy Crawford, American jazz and R&B singer
1953 – Robbie Bachman, Canadian drummer (Bachman–Turner Overdrive)
1954 – Charlie Fowler, American mountaineer (d. 2006)
1954 – John Travolta, American actor
1955 – Miles Tredinnick, English playwright
1955 – Raymond Rougeau, Canadian wrestler
1956 – Ted Gärdestad, Swedish singer (d. 1997)
1956 – Paul Reed Smith, American luthier
1957 – Marita Koch, German athlete
1957 – Vanna White, American game show presenter
1958 – Giovanni Lavaggi, Italian racing driver
1958 – Gar Samuelson, American drummer (d. 1999)
1958 – Lucie Visser, Dutch actress and model
1960 – Tony Anselmo, American animator
1960 – Carol McGiffin, British TV and radio presenter
1960 – Andy Moog, Canadian ice hockey player
1960 – Greta Scacchi, Australian actress
1961 – Hironobu Kageyama, Japanese singer
1961 – Cosmo Wilson, American concert lighting designer
1962 – Moe Lemay, Canadian ice hockey player
1962 – Julie Strain, American actress
1963 – Henry Winter, English football journalist
1964 – Matt Dillon, American actor
1964 – Paul Hanley, British musician (The Fall, Tom Hingley and the Lovers)
1965 – Dr. Dre, American record producer and rapper
1965 – Gregory Scott Johnson, American murderer (d. 2005)
1966 – Guy Ferland, American television director
1967 – Marco Aurélio, Brazilian footballer
1967 – Roberto Baggio, Italian footballer
1967 – Tracey Edmonds, American film and television producer
1967 – Harry Van Barneveld, Belgian judoka
1967 – Yongyoot Thongkongtoon, Thai film director and producer
1968 – Molly Ringwald, American actress
1969 – Tomaž Humar, Slovenian mountaineer (d. 2009)
1969 – Alexander Mogilny, Russian ice hockey player
1969 – Jason Sutter, American drummer (Smash Mouth, American Hi-Fi)
1970 – Susan Egan, American actress
1970 – Raine Maida, Canadian musician (Our Lady Peace)
1970 – Andy Williams, British musician (Doves)
1970 – Jez Williams, British musician (Doves)
1971 – Merritt Gant, American thrash metal guitarist
1971 – Constantin Popa, Romanian-born Israeli basketball player
1973 – Shawn Estes, American baseball player
1973 – Claude Makélélé, French footballer
1974 – Carrie Ann Baade, American painter
1974 – Jamey Carroll, American baseball player
1974 – Ruby Dhalla, Canadian politician
1974 – Julia Butterfly Hill, American environmental activist
1974 – Yevgeny Kafelnikov, Russian tennis player
1974 – Jillian Michaels, American fitness trainer
1975 – Sarah Brown, American actress
1975 – Keith Gillespie, Irish footballer
1975 – Simon Kvamm, Danish singer and comedian
1975 – Gary Neville, English footballer
1976 – Leilani Munter, American race car driver
1976 – Chanda Rubin, American tennis player
1977 – Ike Barinholtz, American actor
1977 – Kátia, Brazilian footballer
1977 – Sean Watkins, American guitarist and songwriter
1977 – Chrissie Wellington, British tri-athlete
1978 – Oliver Pocher, German comedian
1978 – Josip Šimunic, Croatian footballer
1980 – Nikolai Antropov, Kazakh ice hockey player
1980 – Regina Spektor, Russian/American singer and songwriter
1981 – Andrei Kirilenko, Russian basketball player
1981 – Alex Rios, American baseball player
1981 – Ivan Sproule, Irish footballer
1981 – Larry Sweeney, American professional wrestler
1981 – Kim Jae Won, South Korean actor
1982 – Juelz Santana, American rapper
1982 – Christian Tiffert, German footballer
1983 – Troy Bienemann, American football player
1983 – Jermaine Jenas, English footballer
1983 – Jason Maxiell, American basketball player
1984 – Ricardo Salampessy, Indonesian footballer
1984 – Kathrin Wörle, German tennis player
1984 – Idriss Carlos Kameni, Cameroonian footballer
1985 – Anton Ferdinand, English footballer
1985 – Chelsea Hobbs, American actress
1985 – Todd Lasance, Australian actor
1985 – Lee Boyd Malvo, Jamaican spree killer
1986 – Marc Torrejón, Spanish footballer
1987 – Vicente Guaita, Spanish footballer
1988 – Shane Lyons, American actor and chef
1988 – Maiara Walsh, American actress
1988 – Max, South Korean singer (TVXQ)
1989 – Vicente, Brazilian footballer
1990 – Cody Hodgson, Canadian hockey player
1990 – Park Shin-hye, South Korean actress
1991 – Malese Jow, American actress and singer
1991 – Sebastian Neumann, German footballer
1991 – Henry Surtees, English racing driver (d. 2009)
1992 – Logan Miller, American actor
1993 – Morgan York, American actress
2005 – Eden Wood, Child Model

Deaths

806 – Tarasius, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 730)
814 – Angilbert, Frankish monk and confidant of Charlemagne
901 – Thabit ibn Qurra, Arab astronomer and mathematician (b. 826)
999 – Pope Gregory V (b. 972)
1139 – Prince Yaropolk II of Kiev (b. 1082)
1294 – Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor (b. 1215)
1379 – Albert II of Mecklenburg (b. 1318)
1405 – Tamerlane, Mongol Emperor (b. 1336)
1455 – Fra Angelico, Italian artist (b. 1395)
1478 – George, Duke of Clarence, brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (b. 1449)
1535 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, astrologer and alchemist (b. 1486)
1546 – Martin Luther, German religious reformer (b. 1483)
1564 – Michelangelo, Italian artist and sculptor (b. 1475)
1583 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian writer (b. 1503)
1654 – Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, French writer (b. 1594)
1683 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
1712 – Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (b. 1682)
1718 – Pierre Antoine Motteux, French-born English dramatist (b. 1663)
1743 – Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, last of the Medicis (b. 1667)
1748 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensberg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (b. 1677)
1772 – Johann Hartwig Ernst, Count von Bernstorff, Danish statesman (b. 1712)
1778 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman (b. 1715)
1780 – Kristijonas Donelaitis, Lithuanian poet (b. 1714)
1788 – John Whitehurst, English clockmaker and scientist (b. 1713)
1803 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet (b. 1719)
1842 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English soap and alkali manufacturer (b. 1779)
1851 – Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804)
1873 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian Revolutionist (b. 1837)
1893 – Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (b. 1814)
1895 – Karl Abs, German professional wrestler (b. 1851)
1900 – Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (b. 1824)
1902 – Charles Lewis Tiffany, American founder of Tiffany & Co. (b. 1812)
1906 – John Batterson Stetson, American manufacturer (b. 1830)
1911 – Billy Murdoch, Australian cricketer (b. 1854)
1923 – Alois Rašín, Czechoslovak politician, Minister of Finance (b. 1867)
1931 – Milan Šufflay, Croatian politician (b. 1879)
1933 – James J. Corbett, American boxer (b. 1866)
1938 – David King Udall, American politician (b. 1851)
1942 – Albert Payson Terhune, American author (b. 1872)
1945 – Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Russian general (b. 1906)
1956 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer (b. 1860)
1957 – Dedan Kimathi, Kenyan rebel leader (b. 1920)
1957 – Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (b. 1877)
1964 – Joseph-Armand Bombardier, Canadian inventor and industrialist (b. 1907)
1966 – Robert Rossen, American screenwriter, producer, and director (b. 1908)
1967 – Dragiša Cvetkovic, Kingdom of Yugoslavia prime minister (b. 1893)
1967 – J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1904)
1973 – Frank Costello, Italian-born gangster (b. 1891)
1976 – Wallace Berman, American Artist
1977 – Andy Devine, American actor (b. 1905)
1978 – Maggie McNamara, American actress (b. 1928)
1981 – John Knudsen Northrop, American aircraft manufacturer (b. 1895)
1982 – Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand author (b. 1895)
1993 – Kerry Von Erich, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
1993 – Jacqueline Hill, British actress (b. 1929)
1993 – Erwin Thiesies, German rugby player and coach (b. 1908)
1995 – Bob Stinson, American guitarist (b. 1959)
1997 – Emily Hahn, American writer (b. 1905)
1998 – Harry Caray, American baseball broadcaster (b. 1914)
1998 – Robbie James, Welsh footballer (b. 1957)
1999 – Noam Pitlik, American actor and director (b. 1932)
2000 – Willy Maltaite, Belgian comics creator (b. 1927)
2001 – Balthus, Polish-born painter (b. 1908)
2001 – Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (b. 1951)
2001 – Eddie Mathews, American baseball player (b. 1931)
2003 – Isser Harel, Israeli Mossad leader (b. 1912)
2004 – Jean Rouch, French filmmaker and ethnologist (b. 1917)
2006 – Richard Bright, American actor (b. 1937)
2008 – Sir Richard Knowles, British politician (b. 1917)
2008 – Mihaela Mitrache, Romanian actress, (b. 1955)
2008 – Mickey Renaud, Canadian professional ice hockey player (b. 1988)
2008 – Alain Robbe-Grillet, French writer and filmmaker (b. 1922)
2009 – Miika Tenkula, Finnish guitarist (b. 1974)
2009 – Al-Tayyib Salih, Sudanese novelist and columnist (b. 1929)
2010 – John Babcock, Last known Canadian veteran of World War I (b. 1900)