Almanac - February 26
Johnny Cash 1932-2003
Events
- 747 BCE – Epoch (origin) of Ptolemy's Nabonassar Era.
- 364 – Valentinian I is proclaimed Roman Emperor.
- 1266 – Battle of Benevento: An army led by Charles, Count of Anjou, defeats a combined German and Sicilian force led by King Manfred of Sicily. Manfred is killed in the battle and Pope Clement IV invests Charles as king of Sicily and Naples.
- 1658 – Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars (1655–1661), the King of Denmark-Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.
- 1794 – The first Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen burns down.
- 1815 – Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
- 1876 – Japan and Korea sign a treaty granting Japanese citizens extraterritoriality rights, opening three ports to Japanese trade, and ending Korea's status as a tributary state of Qing Dynasty China.
- 1909 – Kinemacolor, the first successful color motion picture process, is first shown to the general public at the Palace Theatre in London.
- 1914 – HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast.
- 1917 – The Original Dixieland Jass Band records the first jazz record, for the Victor Talking Machine Company in New York.
- 1919 – President Woodrow Wilson signs an act of the U.S. Congress establishing most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park (see Grand Canyon National Park).
- 1920 – The first German Expressionist film and early horror movie, Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, premièred in Berlin.
- 1929 – President Calvin Coolidge signs an Executive Order establishing the 96,000 acre Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming.
- 1935 – Adolf Hitler orders the Luftwaffe to be re-formed, violating the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
- 1935 – Robert Watson-Watt carries out a demonstration near Daventry which leads directly to the development of RADAR in the United Kingdom.
- 1936 – In the February 26 Incident, young Japanese military officers attempt to stage a coup against the government.
- 1946 – Finnish observers report the first of many thousands of sightings of ghost rockets.
- 1952 – Vincent Massey is sworn in as the first Canadian-born Governor-General of Canada.
- 1960 – A New York bound Alitalia airliner crashed into a cemetery at Shannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.
- 1961 – Hassan II becomes King of Morocco.
- 1966 – Apollo Program: Launch of AS-201, the first flight of the Saturn IB rocket
- 1966 – Vietnam War: The ROK Capital Division of the South Korean Army massacres 380 unarmed civilians in South Vietnam.
- 1971 – U.N. Secretary General U Thant signs United Nations proclamation of the vernal equinox as Earth Day.
- 1972 – The Buffalo Creek Flood caused by a burst dam kills 125 in West Virginia.
- 1980 – Egypt and Israel establish full diplomatic relations.
- 1987 – Iran-Contra affair: The Tower Commission rebukes President Ronald Reagan for not controlling his national security staff.
- 1991 – Gulf War: United States Army forces capture the town of Al Busayyah.
- 1992 – Nagorno-Karabakh War: Khojaly Massacre: Armenian armed forces open fire on Azeri civilians at a military post outside the town of Khojaly leaving hundreds dead.
- 1993 – World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a truck bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center explodes, killing 6 and injuring over a thousand.
- 1995 – The United Kingdom's oldest investment banking institute, Barings Bank, collapses after a securities broker, Nick Leeson, loses $1.4 billion by speculating on the Singapore International Monetary Exchange using futures contracts.
- 2004 – Republic of Macedonia President Boris Trajkovski is killed in a plane crash near Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Births
- 1361 – Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia (d. 1419)
- 1564 – Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist (d. 1593)
- 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria (d. 1666)
- 1587 – Stefano Landi, Italian composer (d. 1639)
- 1671 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (d. 1713)
- 1672 – Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (d. 1757)
- 1677 – Nicola Fago, Italian Baroque composer and teacher (d. 1745)
- 1714 – James Hervey, English clergyman and writer (d. 1758)
- 1715 – Claude Adrien Helvétius, French philosopher (d. 1771)
- 1720 – Gian Francesco Albani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1803)
- 1724 – Gottfried Heinrich Bach, firstborn son of Johann Sebastian Bach by his second wife Anna Magdalena Wilcke (buried 1763)
- 1732 – Francis Marion, American Revolutionary War officer (d. 1795)
- 1740 – Giambattista Bodoni, Italian publisher and engraver (d. 1813)
- 1746 – Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria, duchess of Piacenza (d. 1806)
- 1786 – François Jean Dominique Arago, French mathematician (d. 1853)
- 1799 – Émile Clapeyron, French engineer and physicist (d. 1864)
- 1802 – Victor Hugo, French writer (d. 1885)
- 1808 – Honoré Daumier, French painter, illustrator, and sculptor (d. 1879)
- 1808 – Nathan Kelley,American architect, active mainly in Ohio, (d. 1871)
- 1814 – Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, French geologist (d. 1876)
- 1829 – Levi Strauss, German-born clothing designer (d. 1902)
- 1846 – William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody, American frontiersman (d. 1917)
- 1852 – John Harvey Kellogg, American surgeon, advocate of dietary reform (d. 1943)
- 1857 – Émile Coué, French psychologist (d. 1926)
- 1858 – Vladimir Serbsky, Russian psychiatrist (d. 1917)
- 1861 – King Ferdinand of Bulgaria (d. 1948)
- 1861 – Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, Russian revolutionary, widow of Vladimir Lenin (d. 1939)
- 1866 – Herbert Henry Dow, American chemical industrialist (d. 1930)
- 1879 – Frank Bridge, English composer (d. 1941)
- 1882 – Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968)
- 1885 – Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (d. 1969)
- 1887 – Grover Cleveland Alexander, American baseball player (d. 1950)
- 1887 – William Frawley, American actor (d. 1966)
- 1887 – Stefan Grabinski, Polish writer (d. 1936)
- 1893 – I. A. Richards, English literary critic (d. 1979)
- 1896 – Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov, Soviet politician and art ideologist (d. 1948)
- 1899 – Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1994)
- 1900 – Fritz Wiessner, American mountaineer of German descent (d. 1988)
- 1901 – Dwight Wilson, Canadian Soldier (d. 2007)
- 1902 – Jean Bruller, alias Vercors, French writer and illustrator (d. 1991)
- 1903 – Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1979)
- 1903 – Orde Charles Wingate, British Major-General, prominent Zionist, eccentric (d. 1944)
- 1906 – Madeleine Carroll, English actress (d. 1987)
- 1907 – Dub Taylor, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1908 – Tex Avery, American cartoonist (d. 1980)
- 1908 – Leela Majumdar, Bengali writer (d. 2007)
- 1908 – Jean-Pierre Wimille, French race car driver (d. 1949)
- 1909 – Fanny Cradock, English food writer and broadcaster (d. 1994)
- 1909 – King Talal of Jordan (d. 1972)
- 1911 – Tarō Okamoto, Japanese avant-garde artist (d. 1996)
- 1912 – Dane Clark, American actor (d. 1998)
- 1913 – George Barker, English poet (d. 1991)
- 1914 – Robert Alda, American actor (d. 1986)
- 1916 – Jackie Gleason, American actor, writer, composer, and comedian (d. 1987)
- 1918 – Otis Ray Bowen, American physician & politician, 44th Governor of Indiana, and 16th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
- 1918 – Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
- 1919 – Mason Adams, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1919 – Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Danny Gardella, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1920 – Tony Randall, American actor (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Lucjan Wolanowski, Polish journalist, writer and traveller (d. 2006)
- 1921 – Betty Hutton, American actress and singer (d. 2007)
- 1922 – Margaret Leighton, British actress (d. 1976)
- 1922 – Karl Aage Præst, Danish football player
- 1924 – Mark Bucci, American composer, lyricist, and dramatist (d. 2002)
- 1924 – Noboru Takeshita, Japanese politician (d. 2000)
- 1926 – Verne Gagne, American wrestler
- 1926 – Miroslava, Mexican actress (d. 1955)
- 1926 – H.M., Henry Gustav Molaison, the amnesiac patient (d. 2008)
- 1926 – Doris Belack, American actress (d. 2011)
- 1927 – Tom Kennedy, American game show host
- 1928 – Fats Domino, American musician
- 1928 – Anatoly Filipchenko, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1928 – Monique Leyrac, Canadian singer and actress
- 1928 – Ariel Sharon, 11th Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
- 1930 – Lazar Berman, Russian pianist (d. 2005)
- 1931 – Ally MacLeod, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 2004)
- 1931 – Robert Novak, American political columnist (d. 2009)
- 1932 – Johnny Cash, American musician (d. 2003)
- 1933 – James Goldsmith, Anglo-French businessman (d. 1997)
- 1936 – Adem Demaçi, Albanian politician
- 1937 – Hagood Hardy, Canadian musician and composer (d. 1997)
- 1937 – Paul Dickson, American football player and coach (d. 2011)
- 1938 – Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot guerilla (d. 1957)
- 1939 – Josephine Tewson, English actress
- 1941 – Tony Ray-Jones, British photographer (d. 1972)
- 1943 – Bill Duke, American actor and director
- 1943 – Dante Ferretti, Italian art director and costume designer
- 1943 – Bob Hite, American singer (Canned Heat) (d. 1981)
- 1944 – Ronald Lauder, American philanthropist and president of the World Jewish Congress
- 1945 – Peter Brock, Australian motorsports champion (d. 2006)
- 1945 – Giannis Ioannidis, Greek basketball coach and politician
- 1945 – Marta Kristen, Norwegian actress
- 1945 – Mitch Ryder, American musician (The Detroit Wheels)
- 1946 – Ahmed H. Zewail, Egyptian chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1947 – Sandie Shaw, English singer
- 1948 – Sharyn McCrumb, American writer
- 1949 – Elizabeth George, American novelist
- 1949 – Emma Kirkby, British singer
- 1950 – Jonathan Cain, American musician (Journey, Bad English, The Babys)
- 1950 – Helen Clark, New Zealand politician, Prime Minister (1999–2008)
- 1953 – Michael Bolton, American singer
- 1954 – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Turkish politician, Prime Minister (2003–present)
- 1954 – Ernst August, Prince of Hanover, heir to the deposed Kingdom of Hanover and husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco
- 1955 – Andreas Maislinger, founder of Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service
- 1956 – Charlélie Couture, French singer and musician
- 1956 – Kevin Dunn, American actor
- 1956 – Michel Houellebecq, French writer
- 1956 – Keisuke Kuwata, Japanese singer
- 1957 – David Muldrow Beasley, American politician and 113th Governor of South Carolina
- 1957 – Joe Mullen, American ice hockey player
- 1958 – Karen Berger, American comic book editor
- 1958 – Greg Germann, American actor
- 1958 – Susan J. Helms, American astronaut
- 1958 – Michel Houellebecq, French novelist
- 1958 – Tim Kaine, American politician, 70th Governor of Virginia
- 1959 – Rolando Blackman, American basketball player
- 1960 – Jaz Coleman, British musician
- 1960 – Robert Jaspert, German football manager
- 1962 – Kelly Gruber, American baseball player
- 1963 – Chase Masterson, American actress and singer
- 1964 – Mark Dacascos, American actor and martial artist
- 1966 – Marc Fortier, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1966 – Najwa Karam, Lebanese singer
- 1967 – James Allodi, Canadian actor, writer and director
- 1967 – Currie Graham, Canadian actor
- 1968 – Tim Commerford, American bassist (Rage Against the Machine)
- 1968 – Ed Quinn, American actor
- 1968 – J. T. Snow, American baseball player
- 1969 – Hitoshi Sakimoto, Japanese composer
- 1971 – Erykah Badu, American singer
- 1971 – Max Martin, Swedish composer and producer
- 1971 – Hélène Ségara, French singer
- 1972 – Jonny Quinn, Northern Irish drummer (Snow Patrol)
- 1973 – Erinn Bartlett, American actress
- 1973 – Marshall Faulk, American football player
- 1973 – Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Norwegian footballer
- 1973 – Jenny Thompson, American swimmer
- 1974 – Sébastien Loeb, French rally driver
- 1976 – Nikolaos Siranidis, Greek diver
- 1976 – Chad Urmston, American musician
- 1977 – Marty Reasoner, American ice hockey player
- 1977 – Greg Rikaart, American actor
- 1977 – Tim Thomas, American basketball player
- 1977 – Josh Towers, American baseball player
- 1977 – Shane Williams, Welsh rugby player
- 1978 – Abdoulaye Diagne-Faye, Senegalese footballer
- 1978 – Marc Hynes, British racing driver
- 1979 – Corinne Bailey Rae, English singer
- 1979 – Mariano Bainotti, Argentine racing driver
- 1979 – Pedro Mendes, Portuguese footballer
- 1979 – Shalim Ortiz, Puerto Rican singer and actor
- 1980 – Steve Blake, American basketball player
- 1980 – Alex Fong, Hong Kong singer
- 1980 – Gary Majewski, baseball pitcher
- 1981 – Kertus Davis, American racing driver
- 1981 – Johnathan Wendel, American video gamer
- 1982 – Li Na (tennis), Chinese tennis player
- 1982 – Song Hye Kyo, South Korean model and actress
- 1983 – Jerome Harrison, American football player
- 1983 – Kara Monaco, American glamor model
- 1983 – Pepe, Brazilian born Portuguese football player
- 1984 – Emmanuel Adebayor, Togolese footballer
- 1984 – Alex de Angelis, San Marino motorcycle racer
- 1984 – Natalia Lafourcade, Mexican singer
- 1984 – Beren Saat, Turkish actress
- 1985 – Gee Atherton, British cyclist
- 1985 – Miki Fujimoto, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
- 1985 – Alexandria Hilfiger, American actress
- 1985 – Fernando Llorente, Spanish footballer
- 1985 – Carolin Nytra, German athlete
- 1985 – Diego Ribas da Cunha, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Leandro dos Santos de Jesus, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – Crystal Kay, Japanese singer
- 1986 – Hannah Kearney, American freestyle skier
- 1986 – Teresa Palmer, Australian model and actress
- 1986 – Juliet Simms, guitarist and singer (Automatic Loveletter)
- 1988 – Matteo Ciofani, Italian footballer
- 1990 – Kateřina Cachová, Czech heptathlete
- 1991 – CL (singer), South Korean singer/rapper (2NE1)
- 1992 – Mikael Granlund, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1993 – Taylor Dooley, American actress
Deaths
- 420 – Saint Porphyry, Palestine bishop
- 1154 – King Roger II of Sicily (b. 1093)
- 1200 – Symeon, former Serbian ruler and saint (b. 1109)
- 1266 – King Manfred of Sicily (b. 1232)
- 1360 – Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March, English military leader (b. 1328)
- 1552 – Heinrich Faber, German composer
- 1561 – Jorge de Montemayor, Spanish writer
- 1577 – King Eric XIV of Sweden (b. 1533)
- 1608 – John Still, English bishop
- 1611 – Antonio Possevino (b. 1533) Jesuit humanist, diplomat, bibliographer
- 1630 – William Brade, English composer (b. 1560)
- 1638 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (b. 1681)
- 1723 – Thomas d'Urfey, English writer (b. 1653)
- 1726 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1662)
- 1770 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian composer (b. 1692)
- 1790 – Sir Joshua Rowley, 1st Baronet, Royal Navy admiral (b. 1730)
- 1802 – Esek Hopkins, American Revolutionary War admiral (b. 1718)
- 1813 – Robert Livingston, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1746)
- 1815 – Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general (b. 1737)
- 1821 – Joseph de Maistre, Savoyard diplomat and writer (b. 1753)
- 1864 – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, Canadian politician (b. 1807)
- 1883 – Alexandros Koumoundouros, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1817)
- 1889 – Karl Davydov, Russian cellist (b. 1838)
- 1903 – Richard Jordan Gatling, American inventor (b. 1818)
- 1913 – Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
- 1921 – Carl Menger, Austrian economist (b. 1840)
- 1930 – Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (b. 1863)
- 1931 – Otto Wallach, German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1847)
- 1933 – Princess Thyra, daughter of Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1853)
- 1943 – Theodor Eicke, Nazi official (b. 1892)
- 1947 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss politician, member of the Federal Council (b. 1868)
- 1950 – Sir Harry Lauder, Scottish Music Hall Entertainer, Knighted for WWI War Work (b. 1870)
- 1952 – Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general who briefly ruled the country (b. 1878)
- 1959 – Selig Suskin, Russian-born Israeli agronomist and early Zionist (b. 1873)
- 1961 – King Mohammed V of Morocco (b. 1909)
- 1966 – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Indian freedom fighter and writer (b. 1883)
- 1969 – Levi Eshkol, Israeli politician, Prime Minister (1963-death) (b. 1895)
- 1969 – Karl Jaspers, German psychiatrist (b. 1883)
- 1971 – Fernandel, French actor (b. 1903)
- 1981 – Robert Aickman, English writer and conservationist (b. 1914)
- 1981 – Howard Hanson, American composer (b. 1896)
- 1985 – Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1910)
- 1989 – Roy Eldridge, American musician (b. 1911)
- 1990 – Cornell Gunter, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1938)
- 1993 – Constance Ford, American actress (b. 1923)
- 1994 – Bill Hicks, American comedian (b. 1961)
- 1995 – Jack Clayton, British film director (b. 1921)
- 1997 – David Doyle, American actor (b. 1929)
- 1998 – James Algar, American film director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1912)
- 1998 – Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)
- 1998 – Shirley Ardell Mason, American psychiatric patient (AKA Sybil Isabell Dorsett in Sybil (book) (b. 1923)
- 2000 – George L. Street III American Navy submariner and Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1913)
- 2001 – Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan writer (b. 1906)
- 2002 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (b. 1919)
- 2003 – Christian Goethals, Belgian racing driver (b. 1928)
- 2004 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian politician (b. 1920)
- 2004 – Adolf Ehrnrooth, Finnish general (b. 1905)
- 2004 – Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician, President (1999-death) (b. 1956)
- 2005 – Jef Raskin, American computer scientist (b. 1943)
- 2008 – Dick Fletcher, American meteorologist (b. 1942)
- 2008 – Buddy Miles, American drummer (Band of Gypsies) (b. 1947)
- 2008 – Glory Mukwati, Zimbabwean politician
- 2009 – Johnny Kerr, American basketball player and Chicago Bulls broadcaster (b. 1932)
- 2009 – Norm Van Lier, American basketball player and broadcaster (b. 1947)
- 2009 – Wendy Richard, English actress (b. 1943)
- 2010 – Nujabes, Japanese hip hop producer (b. 1974)
- 2011 – Arnošt Lustig, Czech writer (b. 1926)
- 2011 – James A. McClure, American politician (b. 1924)
- 2011 – Roch Thériault, Canadian leader of a religious group (b. 1947)
Holidays and observances
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