today.nukz.net: Almanac March 21 :: Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (21 March 1685, O.S.31 March 1685, N.S. – 28 July 1750, N.S.)

Events

717 – Battle of Vincy between Charles Martel and Ragenfrid.
1152 – Annulment of the marriage of King Louis VII of France and Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine.
1188 – Emperor Antoku accedes to the throne of Japan.
1413 – Henry V becomes King of England.
1556 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.
1788 – A fire in New Orleans leaves most of the town in ruins.
1800 – With the church leadership driven out of Rome during an armed conflict, Pius VII is crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché.
1801 – The Battle of Alexandria is fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.
1804 – Code Napoléon is adopted as French civil law.
1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Austrian forces repel French troops in the Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube.
1821 – Greek War of Independence: First revolutionary act in the monastery of Agia Lavra, Kalavryta.
1844 – The Bahá'í calendar begins. This is the first day of the first year of the Bahá'í calendar. It is annually celebrated by members of the Bahá'í Faith as the Bahá'í New Year or Náw-Rúz.
1857 – An earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.
1871 – Otto von Bismarck is appointed Chancellor of the German Empire.
1871 – Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
1913 – Over 360 are killed and 20,000 homes destroyed in the Great Dayton Flood in Dayton, Ohio.
1918 – World War I: The first phase of the German Spring Offensive, Operation Michael, begins.
1919 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established becoming the first Communist government to be formed in Europe after the October Revolution in Russia.
1921 – The New Economic Policy is implemented by the Bolshevik Party in response to the economic failure as a result of War Communism.
1925 – Syngman Rhee is removed from office after being impeached as the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea.
1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented with the Medal of Honor for the first solo trans-Atlantic flight.
1933 – Construction of Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, is completed.
1935 – Shah Reza Pahlavi formally asks the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran, which means 'Land of the Aryans.'
1937 – Ponce Massacre: 18 people and a 7-year-old girl in Ponce, Puerto Rico, are gunned down by a police squad acting under orders of US-appointed Governor, Blanton C. Winship.
1943 – Wehrmacht officer Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff plots to assassinate Adolf Hitler by using a suicide bomb, but the plan falls through. Von Gersdorff is able to defuse the bomb in time and avoid suspicion.
1945 – World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.
1945 – World War II: Operation Carthage – British planes bomb Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark. They also hit a school and 125 civilians are killed.
1945 – World War II: Bulgaria and the Soviet Union successfully complete their defense of the north bank of the Drava River as the Battle of Drava concludes.
1946 – The Los Angeles Rams sign Kenny Washington, making him the first African American player in the American football since 1933.
1952 – Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio.
1960 – Apartheid: Massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180.
1963 – Alcatraz, a federal penitentiary on an island in San Francisco Bay, closes.
1964 – In Copenhagen, Denmark, Gigliola Cinquetti wins the ninth Eurovision Song Contest for Italy singing "Non ho l'età" ("I'm not old enough").
1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.
1965 – Martin Luther King, Jr. leads 3,200 people on the start of the third and finally successful civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.
1968 – Battle of Karameh in Jordan between Israeli Defense Forces and Fatah.
1970 – The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by Mayor of San Francisco Joseph Alioto.
1980 – US President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.
1980 – On the season finale of the soap opera Dallas, the infamous character J.R. Ewing is shot by an unseen assailant, leading to the catchphrase "Who shot J.R.?"
1989 – Sports Illustrated reports allegations tying baseball player Pete Rose to baseball gambling.
1990 – Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.
1994 – The last episode of the Australian TV series Mother and Son was broadcast.
1997 – In a Tel Aviv, Israel coffee shop, a suicide bomber kills 3 and injures 49.
1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.
2002 – In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.
2006 – Immigrant workers constructing the Burj Khalifa and a new terminal of Dubai International Airport riot causing $1M in damage.

Births

1521 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553)
1527 – Hermann Finck, German composer (d. 1558)
1672 – Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino, Italian poet and opera librettist (d. 1742)
1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)
1713 – Francis Lewis, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1803)
1716 – Josef Seger, Bohemian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1782)
1763 – Jean Paul, German writer (d. 1825)
1768 – Joseph Fourier, French mathematician (d. 1830)
1801 – Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)
1806 – Benito Juárez, Mexican statesman (d. 1872)
1811 – Nathaniel Woodard, English educationalist (d. 1891)
1825 – Alexander F. Mozhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (d. 1890)
1835 – Thomas Hayward, English cricketer (d. 1876)
1839 – Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Russian composer (d. 1881)
1854 – Alick Bannerman, Australian cricketer (d. 1924)
1863 – George Owen Squier, American inventor (d. 1934)
1867 – Florenz Ziegfeld, American theater producer (d. 1932)
1876 – Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)
1880 – Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson, American actor (d. 1971)
1882 – Aleksander Kesküla, Estonian politician and nationalist (d. 1963)
1882 – Bascom Lamar Lunsford, American lawyer, folklorist, and folk musician (d. 1973)
1885 – Pierre Renoir, French actor and director (d. 1952)
1895 – Zlatko Balokovic, Croatian violinist (d. 1955)
1901 – Karl Arnold, German politician (d. 1958)
1902 – Son House, American musician (d. 1988)
1904 – Forrest Mars Sr., American candymaker (d. 1999)
1904 – Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (d. 1949)
1904 – Jehane Benoît, Canadian culinary author (d. 1987)
1905 – Phyllis McGinley, American author and poet (d. 1978)
1906 – Jim Thompson, American designer and businessman (d. 1967)
1910 – M S Khan, Bangladeshi intellectual (d. 1978)
1910 – Julio Gallo, American vintner (d. 1993)
1912 – André Laurendeau, journalist, politician and playwright (d. 1968)
1913 – George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
1914 – Paul Tortelier, French cellist (d. 1990)
1916 – Ustad Bismillah Khan, Indian shehnai maestro (d. 2006)
1917 – Frank Hardy, Australian author (d. 1994)
1917 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist and politician (d. 1984)
1918 – Patrick J. Lucey, American politician
1920 – Georg Ots, Estonian singer (d. 1975)
1920 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek bouzouki player and songwriter (d. 1970)
1921 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (d. 1986)
1922 – Russ Meyer, American film director and producer (d. 2004)
1923 – Philip Abbott, American actor (d. 1998)
1923 – Louis-Edmond Hamelin, Canadian geographer, professor, and author
1923 – Nirmala Srivastava, Indian religious figure (d. 2011)
1924 – Dov Shilansky, Israeli politician (d. 2010)
1925 – Peter Brook, British stage director and producer
1925 – Hugo Koblet, Swiss cyclist (d. 1964)
1926 – André Delvaux, Belgian film director (d. 2002)
1927 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician
1929 – Maurice Catarcio, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
1930 – James Coco, American actor (d. 1987)
1932 – Walter Gilbert, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1932 – Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor
1933 – Michael Heseltine, English politician
1934 – Al Freeman, Jr., American actor
1935 – Brian Clough, English footballer and football manager (d. 2004)
1936 – Ed Broadbent, Canadian politician
1936 – Mike Westbrook, British jazz composer, bandleader and pianist
1937 – Tom Flores, American Football player
1937 – Pierre-Jean Rémy, French diplomat, novelist and essayist (d. 2010)
1940 – Solomon Burke, American singer (d. 2010)
1942 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress (d. 1967)
1942 – Kostas Politis, Greek basketball player and coach
1943 – István Gyulai, Hungarian sports executive (d. 2006)
1943 – Hartmut Haenchen, German conductor
1943 – Vivian Stanshall, English musician (Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band) (d. 1995)
1944 – Marie-Christine Barrault, French actress
1944 – Hideki Ishima, Japanese guitarist (Flower Travellin' Band)
1945 – Rose Stone, American musician (Sly & the Family Stone)
1946 – Ray Dorset, English musician (Mungo Jerry)
1946 – Timothy Dalton, British actor
1948 – Scott Fahlman, American computer scientist
1949 – Slavoj Žižek, Slovenian sociologist and cultural critic
1949 – Eddie Money, American musician
1950 – Roger Hodgson, English musician (Supertramp)
1950 – Ron Oden, American politician
1951 – Russell Thompkins Jr, American singer (The Stylistics)
1953 – Paul Martin Lester, American educator, author, and photographer
1955 – Dimitrios Papadimoulis, Greek politician
1955 – Bob Bennett, American Christian singer, guitarist and songwriter
1956 – Guy Chadwick, English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter (The House of Love)
1956 – Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian runner
1958 – Sabrina Le Beauf, American actress
1958 – Gary Oldman, English actor
1959 – Sarah Jane Morris, English singer
1959 – Nobuo Uematsu, Japanese composer
1959 – Yuval Rotem, Israeli Ambassador
1960 – Benito de Leon, Filipino military officer
1960 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1994)
1960 – Robert Sweet, American drummer
1961 – Lothar Matthäus, German footballer
1962 – Matthew Broderick, American actor
1962 – Kathy Greenwood, Canadian actress
1962 – Rosie O'Donnell, American comedian and actress
1962 – Mark Waid, American comic book writer
1963 – Shawn Lane, American musician (d. 2003)
1963 – Shawon Dunston, American baseball player
1963 – Ronald Koeman, Dutch footballer and football manager
1964 – Ahmed Radhi, Iraqi international football star
1964 – Jesper Skibby, Danish professional cyclist
1965 – Xavier Bertrand, French politician
1967 – Jonas Berggren, Swedish musician (Ace of Base)
1967 – Adrian Chiles, British television and radio presenter
1967 – Maxim Reality, British MC (The Prodigy)
1968 – Cameron Clyne, Australian businessman
1968 – DJ Premier, American record producer
1968 – Jaye Davidson, American actor
1968 – Greg Ellis, English actor
1968 – Shin Seung Hun, South Korean ballad singer
1968 – Scott Williams, American basketball player
1968 – Samantha Dorman, American model
1969 – Ali Daei, Iranian footballer
1969 – Jonah Goldberg, American author and pundit
1970 – Shiho Niiyama, Japanese voice actress (d. 2000)
1970 – Cenk Uygur, American radio talk show host
1972 – Large Professor, American hip hop artist
1972 – Chris Candido, American professional wrestler (d. 2005)
1973 – Vanessa Branch, British-American actress and model
1973 – Ananda Lewis, American model and television personality
1973 – Stuart Nethercott, English footballer
1973 – Jerry Supiran, American actor
1974 – Laura Allen, American actress
1974 – Jose Clayton, Tunisian footballer
1974 – Rhys Darby, New Zealand comedian
1974 – Edsel Dope, American singer (Dope)
1975 – Fabricio Oberto, Argentine basketball player
1975 – Justin Pierce, British actor (d. 2000)
1975 – Vitaly Potapenko, Ukrainian basketball player
1975 – Mark Williams, Welsh snooker player
1975 – Yacoub Al-Mohana, Kuwaiti film director
1976 – Tekin Sazlog, Turkish footballer
1976 – Rachael MacFarlane, American voice actress
1977 – Charles Blackstone, American author
1977 – Bruno Cirillo, Italian centre defender at PAOK F.C.
1978 – Nick Baines, English keyboardist (Kaiser Chiefs)
1978 – Charmaine Dragun, Australian news anchor (d. 2007)
1978 – Kevin Federline, American dancer; ex-husband of Britney Spears
1978 – Cristian Guzmán, Dominican baseball player
1978 – Rani Mukherjee, Indian actress
1978 – Young Noble, American Rapper (Outlawz)
1980 – Marit Bjørgen, Norwegian cross-country skier
1980 – Ronaldinho Gaucho, Brazilian international footballer
1980 – Deryck Whibley, Canadian guitarist and singer (Sum41)
1980 – Lee Jin, South Korean actress
1981 – Germano, Brazilian footballer
1981 – Sébastien Chavanel, French cyclist
1982 – Aaron Hill, American baseball player
1982 – Colin Turkington, British racing driver
1982 – Jocie Kok, Chinese-Singaporean singer
1983 – Jean Ondoa, Cameroonian footballer
1984 – Tiago, Brazilian footballer
1985 – Ryan Callahan, American hockey player
1985 – Adrian Peterson, American football player
1988 – Lee Cattermole, English footballer
1988 – Erik Johnson, American ice hockey player
1989 – Nicolas Lodeiro, Uruguayan footballer
1989 – Takeru Satoh, Japanese actor
1989 – Rochelle Wiseman, English singer (The Saturdays)
1990 – Mandy Capristo, German singer (Monrose)
1990 – Ryann Krais, American heptathlete
1991 – Luke Chapman,English footballer
1993 – Jake Bidwell, English footballer
1995 – Diggy Simmons, American rapper
2004 – Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg

Deaths

1063 – Blessed Richeza of Lotharingia, venerated in Roman Catholicism, wife of King Mieszko II of Poland
1076 – Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)
1181 – Taira Kiyomori, Japanese Feudal general (b. 1118)
1306 – Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)
1487 – Nicholas of Flue, Swiss hermit and saint (b. 1417)
1556 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (burned at the stake) (b. 1489)
1617 – Pocahontas, Algonquian princess (b. c.1595)
1656 – James Ussher, Irish Anglican archbishop (b. 1581)
1676 – Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)
1729 – John Law, Scottish economist (b. 1671)
1734 – Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)
1751 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (b. 1706)
1762 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (b. 1713)
1772 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)
1795 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (b. 1714)
1801 – Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (b. 1741)
1804 – Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé (executed) (b. 1772)
1843 – Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
1843 – Guadalupe Victoria, first President of Mexico (b. 1786)
1850 – Miguel Pedrorena, American settler
1863 – Edwin Vose Sumner, American Civil War general (b. 1797)
1881 – Samuel Courtauld, American-born textile magnate (b. 1793)
1884 – Ezra Abbot, American bible scholar (b. 1819)
1910 – Nadar, French photographer (b. 1820)
1915 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor (b. 1856)
1920 – Evelina Haverfield British suffragette (b. 1867)
1934 – Franz Schreker, Austrian composer (b. 1878)
1936 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
1945 – Arthur Nebe, German SS officer (b. 1894)
1951 – Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (b. 1871)
1958 – Cyril M. Kornbluth, American writer (b. 1923)
1970 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek songwriter and musician (b. 1920)
1973 – Âsik Veysel Satiroglu, Turkish minstrel (b. 1894)
1975 – Joe Medwick, baseball player (b. 1911)
1978 – Louis Cottrell, Jr., American musician (b. 1911)
1980 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)
1980 – Angelo Bruno, American mobster (b. 1910)
1984 – Shauna Grant, American actress (suicide) (b. 1963)
1985 – Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor (b. 1908)
1987 – Walter L. Gordon, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1906)
1987 – Dean Paul Martin, American musician (b. 1951)
1987 – Robert Preston, American actor (b. 1918)
1991 – Leo Fender, American guitar manufacturer (b. 1909)
1992 – John Ireland, Canadian film actor and director (b. 1914)
1992 – Natalie Sleeth, American composer (b. 1930)
1994 – Macdonald Carey, American actor (b. 1913)
1994 – Dack Rambo, American actor (b. 1941)
1994 – Lili Damita, French actress (b. 1904)
1997 – W. V. Awdry, English children's writer (b. 1911)
1998 – Galina Sergeyevna Ulánova, Russian prima ballerina assoluta (b. 1910)
1999 – Jean Guitton, French philosopher, author and theologian (b. 1905)
1999 – Ernie Wise, British comedian (b. 1925)
2001 – Chung Ju-yung, Korean industrialist (b. 1915)
2001 – Anthony Steel, English actor (b. 1920)
2002 – Herman Talmadge, American politician (b. 1913)
2003 – Umar Wirahadikusumah, Fourth Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1924)
2004 – Ludmilla Tchérina, French ballet dancer and actress (b. 1924)
2005 – Barney Martin, American actor (b. 1923)
2005 – Bobby Short, American singer (b. 1924)
2007 – Drew Hayes, American writer and graphic artist (b. 1969)
2007 – Sven O. Høiby, the father of Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway (b. 1936)
2007 – Kevin Whitrick, first British man to commit suicide on a live chatroom (b. 1964)
2008 – Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente, Chilean architect (b. 1931)
2009 – Walt Poddubny, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1960)
2010 – Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director (b. 1919)
2011 – Loleatta Holloway, American singer (b. 1946)
2011 – Gerd Klier, German footballer (b. 1944)
2011 – Ladislav Novák, Czech footballer (b. 1931)
2011 – Pinetop Perkins, Member of the Blues Hall of Fame (b. 1913)