today.nukz.net: Almanac March 23

Akira Kurosawa (黒澤明 Kurosawa Akira, March 23, 1910 – September 6, 1998) Japanese film director, screenwriter, producer, and editor.

Events

1400 – The Tran Dynasty of Vietnam is deposed after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule by Ho Quy Ly, a court official.
1708 – James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" – at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia.
1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.
1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home.
1821 – Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.
1848 – The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
1857 – Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
1862 – The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Though a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond.
1868 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
1879 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.
1889 – The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian India.
1905 – Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.
1908 – American diplomat Durham Stevens is attacked by Korean assassins Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan, leading to his death in a hospital two days later.
1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
1931 – Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for murder during the Indian struggle for independence.
1933 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
1935 – Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
1939 – The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of Slovak air force in the city of Spišská Nová Ves, kills 13 people and began the Slovak–Hungarian War.
1940 – The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All India Muslim League.
1942 – World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Andaman Islands.
1956 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. (Republic Day in Pakistan)
1962 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative.
1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
1978 – The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
1980 – Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans.
1982 – Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.
1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
1989 – Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce their discovery of cold fusion at the University of Utah.
1991 – The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.
1994 – At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.
1994 – Aeroflot Flight 593 crashes in Siberia when the pilot's fifteen-year old son accidentally disengages the autopilot, killing all 75 people on board.
1994 – A United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 aircraft collides with a USAF C-130 at Pope Air Force Base and then crashes, killing 24 United States Army soldiers on the ground. This later became known as the Green Ramp disaster.
1996 – Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.
1999 – Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.
2001 – The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
2003 – In Nasiriyah, Iraq, 11 soldiers of the 507th Maintenance Company as well as 18 U.S. Marines are killed during the first major conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom. 654 Iraqi combatants are also killed.
2005 – Texas City Refinery explosion: During a test on a distillation tower liquid waste builds up and flows out of a blowout tower. Waste fumes ignite and explode killing 15 workers.

Births

1430 – Margaret of Anjou, queen consort of Henry VI of England (d. 1482)
1599 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (d. 1663)
1638 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1731)
1645 – William "Captain" Kidd, Scottish sailor (d. 1701)
1699 – John Bartram, American botanist (d. 1777)
1723 – Agha Mohammad Khan Ghajar, King of Iran (d. 1771)
1732 – Marie Adélaïde of France, daughter of Louis XV (d. 1800)
1750 – Johannes Matthias Sperger, Austrian contrabassist and composer (d. 1812)
1754 – Baron Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician, physicist, and artillery officer (d. 1802)
1769 – William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
1769 – Augustin Daniel Belliard, French general (d. 1832)
1823 – Schuyler Colfax, American politician, 17th Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
1826 – Léon Minkus, German/Czech composer and violinist (d. 1917)
1831 – Eduard Schlagintweit, German writer (d. 1866)
1834 – Julius Reubke, German composer (d. 1858)
1858 – Ludwig Quidde, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1941)
1862 – Nathaniel Reed, American outlaw turned evangelist (d. 1950)
1868 – Dietrich Eckart, early supporter of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party and member of Thule Society (d. 1923)
1869 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1955)
1871 – Heinrich Schroth, German actor (d. 1945)
1874 – J. C. Leyendecker, German American Illustrator (d. 1951)
1878 – Franz Schreker, Austrian composer (d. 1934)
1880 – Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish politician (d. 1922)
1881 – Roger Martin du Gard, French writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1958)
1881 – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1965)
1882 – Amalie Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
1887 – Juan Gris, Spanish artist (d. 1927)
1887 – Josef Capek, Czech writer (d. 1945)
1887 – Prince Felix Yusupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (d. 1967)
1893 – Cedric Gibbons, American art director (d. 1960)
1893 – G. D. Naidu (Gopalaswamy Doraiswamy Naidu), Indian Inventor & Engineer (Edison of India) (d. 1974)
1895 – Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian (d. 2001)
1895 – Dane Rudhyar, French-US author, composer, astrologer (d. 1985)
1899 – Dora Gerson, German actress and singer (d. 1943)
1900 – Erich Fromm, German-born psychoanalyst (d. 1980)
1904 – H. Beam Piper, American science fiction author (d. 1964)
1905 – Lale Andersen, German singer and cabaretist (d. 1972)
1905 – Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
1907 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1992)
1910 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese film director (d. 1998)
1912 – Wernher von Braun, German-born physicist and engineer (d. 1977)
1914 – Milbourne Christopher, American illusionist (d. 1984)
1915 – Thomas Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist and advocate of safety in ice hockey (d. 2005)
1915 – Vasily Zaitsev, Soviet World War II figure (d. 1991)
1919 – Carl Graffunder, architect
1920 – Neal Smith, former United States Congressman
1920 – Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player and coach
1921 – Donald Campbell, British car and motorboat racer (d. 1967)
1922 – Marty Allen, American comedian and actor
1922 – Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1990)
1924 – Bette Nesmith Graham, American inventor (d. 1980)
1925 – David Watkin, English cinematographer (d. 2008)
1927 – Mato Damjanovic, Croatian chess grandmaster (d. 2011)
1929 – Sir Roger Bannister, English runner
1931 – Yevgenij Grishin, Russian speed skater (d. 2005)
1931 – Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player
1932 – Don Marshall, Canadian ice hockey player
1933 – Philip Zimbardo, American psychologist
1934 – Ludvig Faddeev, Russian mathematician
1934 – Fernand Gignac, Canadian singer and actor (d. 2006)
1934 – Mark Rydell, American film and television director
1935 – Barry Cryer, British writer and comedian
1937 – Craig Breedlove, American land speed record holder
1937 – Robert Gallo, American physician
1938 – Dave Pike, American jazz musician
1939 – Pepe Lienhard, Swiss band leader and entertainer
1941 – Jim Trelease, American educator and children's literature author
1942 – Michael Haneke, Austrian filmmaker and author
1942 – Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (d. 1980)
1943 – George P. Lee, former general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and convicted sex offender (d. 2010)
1943 – Lee May, American baseball player
1943 – Nils-Aslak Valkeapää, Finnish writer (d. 2001)
1944 – Michael Nyman, British minimalist composer
1944 – Tony McPhee, English singer and guitarist (The Groundhogs)
1945 – Franco Battiato, Italian singer, songwriter and filmmaker
1945 – David Grisman, American bluegrass musician
1947 – Barbara Rhoades, American actress
1948 – Marie Malavoy, Canadian teacher and politician
1948 – David Olney, American musician
1949 – Ric Ocasek, American musician (The Cars)
1949 – Roland Lee, American artist
1950 – Anthony De Longis, American actor
1950 – Corinne Clery, French actress
1951 – Ron Jaworski, American football player and analyst
1951 – Phil Keaggy, American acoustic and electric guitarist and vocalist and songwriter (Glass Harp)
1952 – Kim Stanley Robinson, American author
1953 – Bo Díaz, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1990)
1953 – Chaka Khan, American singer
1953 – Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Indian entrepreneur
1954 – Geno Auriemma, American basketball coach
1954 – Kenneth Cole, American fashion designer
1955 – Moses Malone, American basketball player
1955 – Petrea Burchard, American actress
1956 – José Manuel Barroso, Portuguese politician
1957 – Teresa Ganzel, American actress
1957 – Amanda Plummer, American actress
1957 – Robbie James, Welsh footballer (d. 1998)
1957 – Lucio Gutierrez, Ecuadorian politician
1958 – Bengt-Åke Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach
1958 – Etienne De Wilde, Belgian cyclist
1958 – El Duce, American singer and drummer (The Mentors) (d. 1997)
1958 – Michael Sorich, American voice actor, writer and director
1959 – Catherine Keener, American actress
1959 – Epic Soundtracks, English musician (Swell Maps, Crime and the City Solution, These Immortal Souls) (d. 1997)
1959 – Philippe Volter, Belgian actor (d. 2005)
1960 – Nicol Stephen, Deputy First Minister of Scotland
1961 – Steve Holmes, Romanian/German pornographic actor
1961 – Helmi Johannes, Indonesian television newscaster
1962 – Steve Redgrave, British rower
1963 – Míchel (José Miguel González Martín), Spanish footballer
1964 – Hope Davis, American actress
1964 – John Pinette, American comedian
1965 – Sarah G. Buxton, American actress
1965 – Richard Grieco, American actor and singer
1965 – Marti Pellow, Scottish singer
1965 – Gary Whitehead, American poet
1966 – Marin Hinkle, American actress
1967 – David Ford, Canadian kayaker
1968 – Damon Albarn, English musician (Blur, Gorillaz and The Good, the Bad & the Queen)
1968 – Mitch Cullin, American novelist
1968 – Fernando Hierro, Spanish footballer
1968 – Michael Atherton, English cricketer
1971 – Yasmeen Ghauri, Canadian model
1971 – Karen McDougal, American model
1971 – Gail Porter, Scottish television presenter
1971 – Alexander Selivanov, Russian ice hockey player
1971 – Hiroyoshi Tenzan, Japanese professional wrestler
1972 – Joe Calzaghe, Welsh boxer
1972 – Judith Godrèche, French actress and author
1973 – Jerzy Dudek, Polish footballer
1973 – Wim Eyckmans, Belgian racing driver
1973 – Jason Kidd, American basketball player
1976 – Jayson Blair, American journalist and author
1976 – Chris Hoy, British track cyclist
1976 – Dougie Lampkin, English motorcycle trials rider
1976 – Michelle Monaghan, American actress
1976 – Jeremy Newberry, American football player
1976 – Joel Peralta, Dominican baseball player
1976 – Keri Russell, American actress
1976 – Ricardo Zonta, Brazilian race car driver
1977 – Miklos Perlus, Canadian voice actor
1978 – Perez Hilton, American blogger and television persona
1978 – Walter Samuel, Argentine footballer
1978 – Nicholle Tom, American actress, twin sister of listed below
1978 – David Tom, American actor, twin brother of listed above
1979 – Mark Buehrle, American baseball player
1979 – Natalia Hadjiloizou, Belarusian/Cypriot swimmer
1979 – Misty Hyman, American swimmer
1979 – Donncha O'Callaghan, Irish rugby player
1980 – Russell Howard, English comedian
1980 – Itay Tiran, Israeli actor
1981 – Erin Crocker, American race car driver
1981 – Giuseppe Sculli, Italian footballer
1981 – Tony Peña, Jr., Dominican baseball player
1982 – José Raúl Contreras, Chilean footballer
1982 – Andrea Musacco, Italian footballer
1983 – Jerome Thomas, English footballer
1985 – Maurice Jones-Drew, American football player
1986 – Andrea Dovizioso, Italian motorcycle racer
1986 – Steven Strait, American actor
1986 – Patrick Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Alan Toovey, Australian rules footballer
1988 – Michal Neuvirth, Czech ice hockey player
1990 – Princess Eugenie of York
1990 – Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish racing driver
1992 – Kyrie Irving, Australian-American basketball player
1992 – Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress and singer
1995 – Jan Lisiecki, Canadian pianist
1997 – Aidan Davis, English dancer

Deaths

1103 – Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1058)
1361 – Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. c. 1310)
1369 – King Peter of Castile (b. 1334)
1548 – Itagaki Nobukata, retainer of Takeda Shingen (b. 1489)
1555 – Pope Julius III (b. 1487)
1559 – Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia (killed in battle)
1596 – Henry Unton, English diplomat
1606 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (b. 1547)
1618 – James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish politician
1653 – Johan van Galen, Dutch naval officer (b. 1604)
1675 – Anthoni van Noordt, Dutch composer and organist (b. 1619)
1680 – Nicolas Fouquet, French statesman (b. 1615)
1742 – Jean-Baptiste Dubos, French writer (b. 1670)
1747 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (b. 1675)
1748 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist, and composer (b. 1684)
1754 – Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (b. 1693)
1783 – Charles Carroll, American lawyer and delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723)
1801 – Paul I of Russia, Russian tsar (b. 1754)
1842 – Stendhal, French writer (b. 1783)
1914 – Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (Saint Rebecca) Lebanese saint (b. 1832)
1923 – Hovhannes Tumanyan Armenian poet and writer (b. 1869)
1927 – Paul César Helleu, French artist (b. 1859)
1931 – Bhagat Singh (b. 1907), Rajguru (b. 1908), Sukhdev (b. 1907) Indian freedom fighters
1935 – Florence Moore, American actress (b. 1886)
1945 – Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Commander of the Japanese garrison during Battle of Iwo Jima (b. 1891)
1947 – Archduchess Luise of Austria, Princess of Tuscany (b. 1870)
1955 – Artur da Silva Bernardes, President of Brazil (b. 1875)
1960 – Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (b. 1881)
1960 – Said Nursî, Islamic thinker from Turkey (b. 1878)
1964 – Peter Lorre, Hungarian-born actor (b. 1904)
1965 – Mae Murray, American actress (b. 1889)
1968 – Edwin O'Connor, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner (b. 1918)
1970 – Del Lord, Canadian director (b. 1894)
1972 – Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish fashion designer (b. 1895)
1978 – Haim Ernst Wertheimer, Israeli biochemist, recipient of the Israel Prize (b. 1893)
1979 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (b. 1911)
1980 – Arthur Melvin Okun, American economist (b. 1928)
1982 – Barney Clark, first artificial heart recipient (b. 1921)
1985 – Richard Beeching, chairman of British Railways (b. 1913)
1985 – Peter Charanis, Greek-American scholar and professor (b. 1908)
1985 – Ben Hardwick, Britain's youngest liver transplant patient (b. 1982)
1990 – John Dexter, English stage and film director (b. 1925)
1991 – Parkash Singh, Indian soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1913)
1992 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1899)
1992 – Ron Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1949)
1994 – Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican politician (b. 1950)
1994 – Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (b. 1921)
1994 – Donald Swann, British composer, musician and entertainer (b. 1923)
1995 – Alan Barton, English musician (Black Lace, Smokie) (b. 1953)
1995 – Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer (b. 1956)
1998 – Gerald Stano, American serial killer (b. 1951)
1999 – Luis María Argaña, Paraguayan politician (b. 1932)
1999 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian cameraman, cinephotographer and veteran of the World Wars (b. 1898)
2001 – Rowland Evans, American journalist (b. 1921)
2001 – David McTaggart, Canadian environnementalist (Greenpeace) (b. 1932)
2002 – Eileen Farrell, American soprano (b. 1920)
2002 – Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (b. 1977)
2003 – Fritz Spiegl, Austrian-born journalist (b. 1926)
2004 – Rupert Hamer, Australian politician (b. 1916)
2006 – David B. Bleak, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
2006 – Desmond Doss, American soldier and first conscientious objector Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
2006 – Cindy Walker, American singer, songwriter and dancer (b. 1918)
2007 – Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician, Fields Medal winner (b. 1934)
2007 – Eric Medlen, American NHRA drag racer (b. 1973)
2008 – Rafael Azcona, Spanish screenwriter (b. 1926)
2009 – Raúl Macías, Mexican boxer (b. 1934)
2009 – Ghukas Chubaryan, Armenian sculptor (b. 1923)
2011 – Elizabeth Taylor, English-American actress (b. 1932)