today.nukz.net: Almanac March 25

Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) Singer, songwriter, and pianist.

Events

421 – Venice is founded at twelve o'clock noon, according to legend.
1199 – Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France, leading to his death on April 6.
1306 – Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland.
1409 – The Council of Pisa opens.
1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia.
1634 – The first settlers arrive in Maryland.
1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.
1802 – The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.
1807 – The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
1807 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger carrying railway in the world.
1811 – Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
1821 – (Julian Calendar) Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually began since 23 February 1821. The date was chosen in the early years of the Greek state so that it falls on the day of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strengthening the ties between the Greek Orthodox Church and the newly-found state.
1865 – American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington D.C.
1911 – In New York City, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.
1917 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.
1918 – The Belarusian People's Republic is established.
1924 – On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic.
1931 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
1941 – The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact.
1943 – Start of the American amphibious landings in the Philippines a turning point in the Pacific War. - actually the Philippines Campaign began on October 20, 1944; event needs checking; (by nemesszili)
1947 – An explosion in a coal mine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
1948 – The first successful tornado forecast predicts that a tornado will strike Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.
1949 – The extensive deportation campaign known as March deportation is conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to force collectivisation by way of terror. The Soviet authorities deport more than 92,000 people from the Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
1957 – United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on the grounds of obscenity.
1957 – The European Economic Community is established (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).
1958 – Canada's Avro Arrow makes its first flight.
1965 – Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.
1969 – During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight by the Pakistani Armed Forces against East Pakistani civilians.
1971 – The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.
1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
1979 – The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
1988 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
1990 – The Happy Land fire was an arson fire that kills 87 people trapped inside an illegal nightclub in the New York City borough of The Bronx.
1992 – Pakistan national cricket team won the 1992 Cricket World Cup first time in the history of cricket, Final was played at Melbourne Cricket Ground .
1992 – Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.
1995 – WikiWikiWeb, the world's first wiki, and part of the Portland Pattern Repository, is made public by Ward Cunningham.
1996 – An 81-day-long standoff between the anti-government group Montana Freemen and law enforcement near Jordan, Montana, begins.
1996 – The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy).
2006 – Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood.
2006 – Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested.

Births

1252 – Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)
1259 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)
1297 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1341)
1297 – Arnošt of Pardubice, Archbishop of Prague (d. 1364)
1345 – Blanche of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt (d. 1369)
1347 – Catherine of Siena, Italian saint (d. 1380).
1479 – Vasili III, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1533)
1539 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician (d. 1612)
1541 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
1593 – Saint Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1649)
1643 – Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (d. 1680)
1661 – Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)
1699 – Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer (d. 1783)
1767 – Joachim Murat, King of Naples (d. 1815)
1782 – Caroline Bonaparte, Queen of Naples (d. 1839)
1800 – Heinrich von Dechsen, German geologist (d. 1889)
1824 – Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (d. 1900)
1840 – Myles Keogh, American soldier of fortune (d. 1876)
1863 – Simon Flexner, American pathologist (d. 1946)
1867 – Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor, (d. 1957)
1867 – Gutzon Borglum, American sculptor (d. 1941)
1868 – William Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
1872 – Horatio Nelson Jackson, American car driver (d. 1955)
1873 – Rudolf Rocker, German anarchist (d. 1958)
1877 – Walter Little, Canadian politician (d. 1961)
1881 – Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (d. 1945)
1881 – Mary Gladys Webb, English writer (d. 1927)
1884 – Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950)
1886 – Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1972)
1892 – Andy Clyde, American actor (d. 1967)
1895 – Siegfried Handloser, German physician (d. 1954)
1897 – John Laurie, Scottish actor (d. 1980)
1898 – Marcelle Narbonne, Franch supercentenarian (d. 2012)
1899 – Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. 1978)
1901 – Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
1903 – Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (d. 2001)
1903 – Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Jewish-American scholar (d. 1990)
1905 – Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German army officer and 20 July Plot conspirator (d. 1944)
1906 – A.J.P. Taylor, British historian (d. 1990)
1906 – Jean Sablon, French singer (d. 1994)
1908 – Helmut Käutner, German actor and director (d. 1980)
1908 – Sir David Lean, English film director (d. 1991)
1910 – Magda Olivero, Italian soprano
1911 – Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
1912 – Melita Norwood, British civil servant and KGB intelligence source (d. 2005)
1912 – Jean Vilar, French stage and film actor (d. 1971)
1913 – Sir Reo Stakis, Anglo-Cypriot hotel magnate (d. 2001)
1914 – Norman Borlaug, American agriculturalist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2009)
1918 – Howard Cosell, American sports reporter (d. 1995)
1954 – Elli Stai, Greek journalist and TV presenter
1954 – Thom Loverro, American sportswriter
1955 – Daniel Boulud, French chef and restaurateur
1955 – Lee Mazzilli, American baseball player
1956 – Matthew Garber, English actor (d. 1977)
1957 – Jim Uhls, American screenwriter
1958 – Sisy Chen, Taiwanese politician and television commentator
1958 – James McDaniel, American actor
1958 – Ray Tanner, American college baseball coach
1958 – John Ensign, American politician
1958 – Susie Bright, American feminist and sex writer
1958 – Åsa Torstensson, Swedish politician
1960 – Idy Chan Yuk-Lin, Hong Kong actress
1960 – Steve Norman, British saxophonist (Spandau Ballet)
1960 – Peter O'Brien, Australian actor
1960 – Haywood Nelson, American actor
1960 – Brenda Strong, American actress
1961 – Fred Goss, American actor, comedian, and writer
1961 – Mark Brooks, American golfer
1962 – Marcia Cross, American actress
1964 – Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress
1964 – René Meulensteen, Dutch football coach
1964 – Kate DiCamillo, American children's author
1964 – Alex Solis, Panamanian jockey
1964 – Ken Wregget, Canadian ice hockey player
1965 – Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress
1965 – Avery Johnson, American basketball player and coach
1965 – Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper
1966 – Tom Glavine, American baseball player
1966 – Jeff Healey, Canadian guitarist (d. 2008)
1966 – Tatjana Patitz, German supermodel
1966 – Anton Rogan, Irish footballer
1967 – Matthew Barney, American media artist
1967 – Debi Thomas, American figure skater
1967 – Doug Stanhope, American comedian
1969 – Dale Davis, American basketball player
1969 – Cathy Dennis, English singer, songwriter, and actress
1969 – Jeffrey Walker, British Musician (Carcass)
1970 – Kari Matchett, Canadian actress
1970 – Teri Moïse, American singer
1971 – Cammi Granato, American ice hockey player
1971 – Sheryl Swoopes, American basketball player
1971 – Stacy Dragila, American pole vaulter
1972 – Giniel de Villiers, South African racing driver
1973 – Anthony Barness, English footballer
1973 – Anders Fridén, Swedish singer (In Flames)
1973 – Bob Sura, American basketball player
1974 – Lark Voorhies, American actress
1975 – Anne Dudek, American actress
1975 – Ladislav Benýšek, Czech ice hockey player
1975 – Melanie Blatt, British singer (All Saints)
1976 – Baek Ji Young, South Korean singer
1976 – Francis Bellew, Irish Gaelic footballer
1976 – Cha Tae-hyun, South Korean actor
1976 – Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
1976 – Gigi Leung, Hong Kong singer/actress
1976 – Rima Wakarua, New Zealand/Italian rugby player
1978 – Teanna Kai, American pornographic actress
1978 – Gennaro Delvecchio, Italian footballer
1979 – Lee Pace, American actor
1979 – Natasha Yi, American model
1980 – Carrie Lam, Hong Kong actress
1982 – Danica Patrick, American race car driver
1982 – Sean Faris, American actor and model
1982 – Álvaro Saborío, Costa Rican footballer
1982 – Jenny Slate, American comedienne
1984 – Katharine McPhee, American singer and actress
1984 – Liam Messam, New Zealand rugby player
1985 – Carmen Rasmusen, Canadian-American singer
1986 – Marco Belinelli, Italian basketball player
1986 – Megan Gibson, American softball player
1986 – Kyle Lowry, American basketball player
1987 – Jacob Bagersted, Danish handballer
1987 – Jason Castro, American singer
1987 – Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
1987 – Victor Obinna, Nigerian footballer
1988 – Erik Knudsen, Canadian actor
1988 – Arthur Zeiler, German rugby player
1988 – Big Sean, American Rapper
1989 – Aly Michalka, American actress and singer
1989 – Scott Sinclair, English footballer
1990 – Alexander Esswein, German footballer
1990 – Mehmet Ekici, Turkish footballer
1991 – Seychelle Gabriel, American actress
1992 – Erik Lamela, Argentine footballer
1999 – Tatum McCann, American actress
1920 – Patrick Troughton, English actor (d. 1987)
1920 – Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (d. 1992)
1921 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (d. 1995)
1921 – Simone Signoret, French actress (d. 1985)
1921 – Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, Queen of Yugoslavia (d. 1993)
1922 – Eileen Ford, American model agency executive
1923 – Bonnie Guitar, American singer
1923 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
1924 – Roberts Blossom, American actor d.2011
1924 – Machiko Kyô, Japanese actress
1925 – Flannery O'Connor, American author (d. 1964)
1925 – Anthony Quinton, British philosopher (d. 2010)
1926 – László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
1926 – Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (d. 1999)
1928 – Jim Lovell, American astronaut
1929 – Cecil Taylor, American jazz pianist
1931 – Tom Wilson, American record producer (d. 1978)
1931 – Paul Motian, American jazz drummer and composer (d. 2011)
1932 – Gene Shalit, American film critic
1932 – Penelope Gilliatt, English writer (d. 1993)
1932 – Wes Santee, American middle distance runner (d. 2010)
1934 – Johnny Burnette, American singer (d. 1964)
1934 – Bernard King, Australian chef and television personality (d. 2002)
1934 – Karlheinz Schreiber, Canadian industrialist, lobbyist and arms dealer
1934 – Gloria Steinem, American feminist and publisher
1935 – Flash Elorde, Filipino boxer
1937 – Tom Monaghan, American fast-food industry entrepreneur
1938 – Hoyt Axton, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
1938 – Fritz d'Orey, Brazilian racing driver
1939 – Toni Cade Bambara, American author (d. 1995)
1940 – Anita Bryant, American singer
1941 – Gudmund Hernes, Norwegian politician
1942 – Aretha Franklin, American singer
1942 – Richard O'Brien, English actor and writer
1942 – Kim Woodburn, English television personality
1943 – Paul Michael Glaser, American actor
1946 – Cliff Balsam, English footballer
1946 – Daniel Bensaid, French philosopher (d. 2010)
1946 – Stephen Hunter, American author
1946 – Maurice Krafft, French vulcanologist (d. 1991)
1946 – Gerard John Schaefer, American serial killer (d. 1995)
1947 – Elton John, English singer and songwriter
1948 – Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
1948 – Lynn Faulds Wood, Scottish television presenter
1950 – Chuck Greenberg, American musician (Shadowfax) (d. 1995)
1951 – Jumbo Tsuruta, Japanese professional wrestler (d. 2000)
1951 – Maizie Williams, British singer (Boney M.)
1952 – Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician

Deaths

752 – Pope-elect Stephen, Italian priest and elected successor to Pope Zachary
1223 – King Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
1345 – Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, English politician (b. 1281)
1458 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, Marqués de Santillana, Spanish poet (b. 1398)
1558 – Marcos de Niza, French Franciscan explorer
1561 – Conrad Lycosthenes, French-born German philosopher and encyclopedist (b. 1518)
1603 – Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1526)
1609 – Olaus Martini, Swedish Archbishop of Uppsala (b. 1557)
1620 – Johannes Nucius, German composer
1625 – Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (b. 1569)
1712 – Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)
1732 – Saint Lucy Filippini, Italian saint (b. 1672)
1736 – Nicholas Hawksmoor, British architect
1738 – Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harper and composer (b. 1670)
1751 – Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
1801 – Novalis, German poet (b. 1772)
1818 – Caspar Wessel, Danish mathematician (b. 1745)
1860 – James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
1873 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (b. 1810)
1908 – Durham Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1851)
1914 – Frédéric Mistral, French poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
1917 – Elizabeth Storrs Mead, American educator (b. 1832)
1917 – Spyridon Samaras, Greek composer (b. 1861)
1918 – Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
1918 – Peter Martin, Australian rules footballer (b. 1875)
1931 – Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, American civil rights activist (b. 1862)
1951 – Eddie Collins, American baseball player (b. 1887)
1956 – Robert Newton, English stage and film actor (b. 1905)
1957 – Max Ophüls, German director and writer (b. 1902)
1958 – Tom Brown, American musician (b. 1888)
1964 – Charles Benjamin Howard, Canadian business, industrialist and politician (b. 1885)
1967 – Renato Cellini, Italian conductor (b.c. 1913)
1969 – Max Eastman, American writer (b. 1883)
1969 – Billy Cotton, British bandleader & entertainer (b. 1889)
1975 – King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
1975 – Juan Gaudino, Argentine racing driver (b. 1893)
1975 – Deiva Zivarattinam, Indian politician (b. 1894)
1978 – Hanna Ralph, German actress (b. 1888)
1979 – Akinoumi Setsuo, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 37th Yokozuna (b. 1914)
1980 – Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (b. 1915)
1980 – Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist (b. 1901)
1980 – Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
1980 – James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
1983 – Bob Waterfield, American football player (b. 1920)
1988 – Robert Joffrey, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1930)
1991 – Marcel Lefebvre, French Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1905)
1992 – Nancy Walker, American actress (b. 1922)
1994 – Max Petitpierre, Swiss politician and jurist (b. 1899)
1995 – James Coleman, American sociologist (b. 1926)
1995 – Krešimir Cosic, Croatian basketball player (b. 1948)
1995 – John Hugenholtz, Dutch race track designer (b. 1914)
1996 – John Snagge, British radio personality (b. 1904)
1998 – Max Green, Australian lawyer (b. 1952)
1998 – Steve Schiff, United States Congressman (b. 1947)
1999 – Cal Ripken, Sr., American baseball manager (b. 1936)
2000 – Helen Martin, American actress (b. 1909)
2001 – Brian Trubshaw, British Concorde test pilot (b. 1924)
2002 – Kenneth Wolstenholme, English football commentator (b. 1920)
2005 – Paul Henning, American TV/film producer and writer (b. 1911)
2006 – Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)
2006 – Richard Fleischer, American film director (b. 1916)
2006 – Buck Owens, American singer and television personality (b. 1929)
2007 – Andranik Margaryan, Armenian politician (b. 1951)
2008 – Ben Carnevale, American basketball coach (b. 1915)
2008 – Thierry Gilardi, French football and rugby commentator (b. 1958)
2008 – Abby Mann, American film writer and producer (b. 1927)
2008 – Gene Puerling, American vocalist and arranger (b. 1929)
2009 – Johnny Blanchard, American baseball player (b. 1933)
2009 – Gábor Ocskay, Hungarian hockey player (b. 1975)
2009 – Giovanni Parisi, Italian boxer (b. 1967)
2009 – Kosuke Koyama, Japanese theologian (b. 1929)
2010 – Pål Bang-Hansen, Norwegian film critic and television personality (b. 1937)