Henry Jaynes Fonda (May 16, 1905 – August 12, 1982) was an American film and stage actor. Fonda made his mark early as a Broadway actor. He also appeared in 1938 in plays performed in White Plains, New York, with Joan Tompkins. He made his Hollywood debut in 1935, and his career gained momentum after his Academy Award-nominated performance as Tom Joad in The Grapes of Wrath, a 1940 adaptation of John Steinbeck's novel about an Oklahoma family who moved west during the Dust Bowl. Throughout six decades in Hollywood, Fonda cultivated a strong, appealing screen image in such classics as The Ox-Bow Incident, Mister Roberts and 12 Angry Men. Later, Fonda moved both toward darker epics as Sergio Leone's Once Upon a Time in the West and lighter roles in family comedies like Yours, Mine and Ours with Lucille Ball. Fonda was the patriarch of a family of famous actors, including daughter Jane Fonda, son Peter Fonda, granddaughter Bridget Fonda, and grandson Troy Garity. His family and close friends called him "Hank". In 1999, he was named the sixth-Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute.
Events
- 218 – Julia Maesa, aunt of the assassinated Caracalla, is banished to her home in Syria by the self-proclaimed emperor Macrinus and declares her 14-year old grandson Elagabalus, emperor of Rome.
- 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- 1527 – The Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes itself as a republic.
- 1532 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
- 1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
- 1770 – 14-year old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste who later becomes king of France.
- 1771 – The Battle of Alamance, a pre-American Revolutionary War battle between local militia and a group of rebels called The "Regulators", occurs in present-day Alamance County, North Carolina.
- 1811 – Peninsular War: The allies Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom, defeat the French at the Battle of Albuera.
- 1812 – Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. Bessarabia is illegitimately annexed by Imperial Russia.
- 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The Turks capture the Greek town of Souli.
- 1843 – The first major wagon train heading for the Pacific Northwest sets out on the Oregon Trail with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri.
- 1866 – The U.S. Congress eliminates the half dime coin and replaces it with the five cent piece, or nickel.
- 1868 – President Andrew Johnson is acquitted in his impeachment trial by one vote in the United States Senate.
- 1874 – A flood on the Mill River in Massachusetts destroys much of four villages and kills 139 people.
- 1877 – 16 May 1877 political crisis in France.
- 1891 – The International Electro-Technical Exhibition opens in Frankfurt, Germany, and will feature the world's first long distance transmission of high-power, three-phase electrical current (the most common form today).
- 1914 – The first ever Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup final is played. Brooklyn Field Club defeats Brooklyn Celtic 2-1.
- 1918 – The Sedition Act of 1918 is passed by the U.S. Congress, making criticism of the government during wartime an imprisonable offense. It will be repealed less than two years later.
- 1919 – A naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.
- 1920 – In Rome, Pope Benedict XV canonizes Joan of Arc.
- 1929 – In Hollywood, California, the first Academy Awards are handed out.
- 1943 – Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends.
- 1948 – Chaim Weizmann is elected the first President of Israel.
- 1951 – The first regularly scheduled transatlantic flights begin between Idlewild Airport (now John F Kennedy International Airport) in New York City and Heathrow Airport in London, operated by El Al Israel Airlines.
- 1953 – American journalist William N. Oatis is released after serving 22 months of a ten-year prison sentence for espionage in Czechslovakia.
- 1960 – Theodore Maiman operates the first optical laser, at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California.
- 1961 – Park Chung-hee leads a coup d'état to overthrow the Second Republic of South Korea.
- 1966 – The Communist Party of China issues the "May 16 Notice", marking the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
- 1969 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet spaceprobe, lands on Venus.
- 1974 – Josip Broz Tito is re-elected president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. This time he is elected for life.
- 1975 – India annexes Sikkim after the mountain state holds a referendum in which the popular vote is in favor of merging with India.
- 1975 – Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
- 1983 – Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement rebels against the Sudanese government.
- 1986 – The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO, in Seville, Spain.
- 1988 – A report by United States' Surgeon General C. Everett Koop states that the addictive properties of nicotine are similar to those of heroin and cocaine.
- 1991 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom addresses a joint session of the United States Congress. She is the first British monarch to address the U.S. Congress.
- 2003 – In Casablanca, Morocco, 33 civilians are killed and more than 100 people are injured in the Casablanca terrorist attacks.
- 2005 – Kuwait permits women's suffrage in a 35-23 National Assembly vote.
- 2007 – Nicolas Sarkozy takes office as President of France.
- 2011 – STS-134 (ISS assembly flight ULF6), launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the 25th and final flight for Space Shuttle Endeavour.
Births
- 1578 – Everard Digby, English conspirator, member of the failed Gunpowder Plot (d. 1606)
- 1611 – Pope Innocent XI (d. 1689)
- 1710 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician (d. 1782)
- 1718 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician (d. 1799)
- 1763 – Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, French pharmacist (d. 1829)
- 1788 – Friedrich Rückert, German Poet, translator, and orientalist (d. 1866)
- 1801 – William H. Seward, American politician and diplomat (d. 1872)
- 1821 – Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician (d. 1894)
- 1824 – Levi P. Morton, American politician, 22nd United States Vice President (d. 1920)
- 1827 – Pierre Cuypers, Dutch architect, designed the Rijksmuseum (d. 1921)
- 1831 – David E. Hughes, English scientist and musician, co-inventor of the microphone (d. 1900)
- 1845 – Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Russian microbiologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1916)
- 1861 – H. H. Holmes, American serial killer (d. 1896)
- 1888 – Royal Rife, American inventor (d. 1971)
- 1891 – Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor, conductor, and composer (d. 1948)
- 1897 – Zvi Sliternik, Israeli entomologist (d. 1994)
- 1898 – Tamara de Lempicka, Polish painter (d. 1980)
- 1898 – Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese director (d. 1956)
- 1905 – Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
- 1906 – Alfred Pellan, Canadian painter (d. 1988)
- 1906 – Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan writer (d. 2001)
- 1906 – Margret Rey, German author and illustrator (d. 1996)
- 1909 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (d. 1960)
- 1910 – Olga Berggolts, Russian poet (d. 1975)
- 1910 – Aleksandr Ivanovich Laktionov, Russian painter (d. 1972)
- 1912 – Studs Terkel, American writer (d. 2008)
- 1913 – Woody Herman, American singer, musician, and bandleader (d. 1987)
- 1914 – Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist and author (d. 2009)
- 1916 – Adriana Caselotti, American actress (d. 1997)
- 1916 – Ephraim Katzir, Israeli politician (d. 2009)
- 1917 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican novelist (d. 1986)
- 1917 – James C. Murray, American politician (d. 1999)
- 1917 – George Gaynes, American actor
- 1918 – Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d. 2000)
- 1919 – Liberace, American singer, pianist, and actor (d. 1987)
- 1919 – Ramon Margalef, Spanish scientist (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Martine Carol, French actress (d. 1967)
- 1921 – Harry Carey, Jr., American actor
- 1921 – S. Neil Fujita, American graphic designer (d. 2010)
- 1923 – Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2000)
- 1923 – Victoria Fromkin, American linguist (d. 2000)
- 1923 – Peter Underwood, English author, broadcaster, and paranormalist
- 1925 – Bobbejaan Schoepen, Belgian singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 2010)
- 1925 – Nancy Roman, American astronomer
- 1926 – Ronald Podrow, English activist (d. 2004)
- 1927 – Nílton Santos, Brazilian footballer
- 1928 – Billy Martin, American baseball player and coach (d. 1989)
- 1929 – John Conyers, American politician
- 1929 – Claude Morin, Canadian politician
- 1929 – Adrienne Rich, American writer (d. 2012)
- 1930 – Betty Carter, American singer (d. 1998)
- 1930 – Friedrich Gulda, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 2000)
- 1931 – Jack Dodson, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1931 – Denise Filiatrault, Canadian actress and director
- 1931 – Natwar Singh, Indian politician
- 1931 – Lowell P. Weicker, Jr., American politician
- 1931 – Hana Brady, Polish Holocaust victim (d. 1944)
- 1935 – Floyd Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1936 – Roy Hudd, English actor
- 1936 – Karl Lehmann, German cardinal
- 1937 – Yvonne Craig, American actress
- 1943 – Dan Coats, American politician
- 1943 – Marko Kravos, Slovenian poet
- 1944 – Billy Cobham, American drummer, composer, and bandleader (Mahavishnu Orchestra, New York Jazz Quartet, Jazz Is Dead, and Bobby and the Midnites)
- 1944 – Danny Trejo, American actor
- 1945 – Nicky Chinn, English songwriter and producer
- 1945 – Alan Flusser, American fashion designer and author
- 1945 – Marta Beatriz Roque, Cuban dissident and economist
- 1946 – Robert Fripp, English musician, songwriter, and producer (King Crimson, Fripp & Eno, and The League of Gentlemen)
- 1946 – Roger Earl, English drummer (Savoy Brown and Foghat)
- 1947 – Barbara Lee, American singer (The Chiffons) (d. 1992)
- 1947 – Bill Smitrovich, American actor
- 1947 – Darrel Sweet, English drummer (Nazareth) (d. 1999)
- 1947 – Roch Thériault, Canadian murder (d. 2011)
- 1948 – Katia Dandoulaki, Greek actress
- 1948 – Judy Finnegan, English broadcaster and columnist
- 1948 – Adrian Legg, English guitarist, songwriter, and educator
- 1948 – Jesper Christensen, Danish actor
- 1949 – Rick Reuschel, American baseball player
- 1950 – J. Georg Bednorz, German physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1950 – Ray Condo, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2004)
- 1951 – Christian Lacroix, French fashion designer
- 1951 – Jonathan Richman, American singer-songwriter and musician (The Modern Lovers)
- 1952 – James Herndon, American psychologist
- 1953 – Pierce Brosnan, Irish actor
- 1953 – Kitanoumi Toshimitsu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 55th Yokozuna
- 1954 – Dafydd Williams, Canadian physician and astronaut
- 1955 – Olga Korbut, Belarussian gymnast
- 1955 – Jack Morris, American baseball player
- 1955 – Hazel O'Connor, English singer-songwriter and actress
- 1957 – Yuri Shevchuk, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (DDT)
- 1955 – Debra Winger, American actress
- 1958 – Glenn Gregory, English singer and musician (Heaven 17, Honeyroot, and ABC)
- 1958 – Gitane Demone, American singer and musician (Christian Death and Pompeii 99)
- 1959 – Mitch Webster, American baseball player
- 1959 – Mare Winningham, American actress
- 1960 – Landon Deireragea, Nauruan politician
- 1961 – Kevin McDonald, Canadian comedian and actor
- 1961 – Charles Wright, American wrestler
- 1963 – Jon Coffelt, American artist
- 1963 – Mercedes Echerer, Austrian actress and politician
- 1963 – Serge Teyssot-Gay, French guitarist (Noir Désir)
- 1964 – John Salley, American basketball player
- 1964 – Boyd Tinsley, American singer, musician, and composer (Dave Matthews Band)
- 1964 – Edit Berces, Hungarian runner
- 1965 – Krist Novoselic, American musician, songwriter, author, and activist (Nirvana, Flipper, Sweet 75, The No WTO Combo, and Eyes Adrift)
- 1966 – Janet Jackson, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
- 1966 – Scott Reeves, American singer-songwriter and actor (Blue County)
- 1966 – Thurman Thomas, American football player
- 1967 – Doug Brocail, American baseball player
- 1968 – Ralph Tresvant, American singer, actor, and producer (New Edition and Heads of State)
- 1968 – Chingmy Yau, Hong Kong actress
- 1969 – David Boreanaz, American actor
- 1969 – Tucker Carlson, American journalist
- 1969 – Tracey Gold, American actress
- 1969 – Steve Lewis, American athlete
- 1970 – Gabriela Sabatini, Argentine tennis player
- 1970 – Danielle Spencer, Australian singer-songwriter and actress
- 1971 – Rachel Goswell, English singer-songwriter and musician (Slowdive and Mojave 3)
- 1972 – Derek Mears, American actor
- 1972 – Khary Payton, American actor
- 1972 – Christian Califano, French rugby player
- 1973 – Jason Acuña, American television host and actor
- 1973 – Special Ed, American rapper and actor (Crooklyn Dodgers)
- 1973 – Tori Spelling, American actress and author
- 1974 – Laura Pausini, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
- 1974 – Sonny Sandoval, American singer-songwriter and rapper (P.O.D.)
- 1974 – Adam Richman, American actor and television host
- 1975 – Tony Kakko, Finnish singer-songwriter and musician (Sonata Arctica and Northern Kings)
- 1975 – B.Slade, American singer-songwriter, musician, producer, dancer, and actor
- 1976 – Brian Langtry, American lacrosse player
- 1976 – Dirk Nannes, Dutch-Australian cricketer
- 1977 – Dolcenera, Italian singer-songwriter, musician, and actress
- 1977 – Jean-Sébastien Giguère, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1977 – Melanie Lynskey, New Zealand actress
- 1977 – Emiliana Torrini Icelandic singer-songwriter (GusGus)
- 1978 – David Ford, English singer-songwriter (Easyworld)
- 1978 – Lionel Scaloni, Argentine footballer
- 1979 – McKenzie Lee, English porn actress
- 1980 – Mikel Alonso, Spanish footballer
- 1980 – Melanie Lofton, American journalist
- 1980 – Michael Ryan, American ice hockey player
- 1981 – Taavi Rähn, Estonian footballer
- 1981 – Jim Sturgess, English actor
- 1981 – Joseph Morgan, English actor
- 1982 – Billy Crawford, Filipino-American singer-songwriter, actor, and philanthropist
- 1982 – Joo Ji Hoon, Korean actor and model
- 1982 – Lukasz Kubot, Polish tennis player
- 1982 – Hanna Mariën, Belgian athlete
- 1983 – Nancy Ajram, Lebanese singer
- 1983 – Daniel Kerr, Australian footballer
- 1983 – Kyle Wellwood, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1984 – Dario Cvitanich, Argentinian footballer
- 1984 – Tomas Fleischmann, Czech ice hockey player
- 1984 – Jensen Lewis, American baseball player
- 1984 – Mickie Knuckles, American wrestler
- 1984 – Rick Rypien, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
- 1985 – Rodrigo Peters Marques, Brazilian footballer
- 1985 – Stanislav Ianevski, Bulgarian actor
- 1985 – Anja Mittag, German footballer
- 1985 – Corey Perry, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1985 – Tadayoshi Okura, Japanese singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor (Kanjani Eight)
- 1986 – Megan Fox, American actress
- 1986 – Andy Keogh, Irish footballer
- 1987 – Tom Onslow-Cole, English race car driver
- 1990 – Thomas Sangster, English actor
- 1990 – Darko Sarovic, Serbian sprinter
- 1991 – Grigor Dimitrov, Bulgarian tennis player
- 1992 – Jeff Skinner, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1993 – IU, South Korean singer and actress
- 1994 – Miles Heizer, American actor
- 1998 – Ariel Waller, Canadian actress
Deaths
- 583 – Brendan, Irish navigator and saint (b. 484)
- 1265 – Simon Stock, English saint (b. 1165)
- 1569 – Dirk Willems, Dutch Anabaptist
- 1620 – William Adams, English sailor (b. 1564)
- 1657 – Andrew Bobola, Polish missionary (b. 1591)
- 1667 – Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English statesman (b. 1607)
- 1669 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter and architect (b. 1596)
- 1691 – Jacob Leisler, American colonist (b. 1640)
- 1703 – Charles Perrault, French author (b. 1628)
- 1778 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English diplomat (b. 1718)
- 1782 – Daniel Solander, Swedish botanist (b. 1736)
- 1790 – Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (b. 1720)
- 1830 – Joseph Fourier, French scientist (b. 1768)
- 1882 – Reuben Chapman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1799)
- 1891 – Ion Bratianu, Romanian statesman (b. 1821)
- 1913 – Louis Perrier, Swiss politician, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
- 1920 – Levi P. Morton, American politician, 22nd United States Vice President (b. 1824)
- 1926 – Mehmed VI, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1861)
- 1943 – Alfred Hoche, German psychiatrist (b. 1865)
- 1944 – George Ade, American author (b. 1866)
- 1947 – Frederick Hopkins, English biochemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1861)
- 1953 – Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist and composer (Quintette du Hot Club de France) (b. 1910)
- 1954 – Clemens Krauss, Austrian conductor (b. 1893)
- 1955 – James Agee, American writer (b. 1909)
- 1956 – H. B. Reese, American candy-maker and businessman, created Reese's Peanut Butter Cups (b. 1876)
- 1957 – Eliot Ness, American federal agent (b. 1903)
- 1959 – Elisha Scott, Irish footballer (b. 1894)
- 1961 – George A. Malcolm, American jurist and educator (b. 1881)
- 1969 – Robert Rayford, American AIDS victim (b. 1954)
- 1975 – Al Helfer, American sportscaster (b. 1911)
- 1977 – Modibo Keita, Malian politician, 1st President of Mali (b. 1915)
- 1979 – A. Philip Randolph, American civil rights activist and labor union leader (b. 1889)
- 1981 – Ernie Freeman, American pianist and arranger (b. 1922)
- 1984 – Andy Kaufman, American comedian and actor (b. 1949)
- 1984 – Irwin Shaw, American author (b. 1913)
- 1985 – Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1988 – Charles Keeping, English illustrator (b. 1924)
- 1988 – George Pyrounakis, Greek priest (b. 1910)
- 1990 – Sammy Davis, Jr., American singer, dancer, and actor (b. 1925)
- 1990 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, director, and producer, created The Muppets (b. 1936)
- 1992 – Chalino Sánchez, Mexican singer-songwriter (b. 1960)
- 1993 – Marv Johnson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1938)
- 1994 – Alain Cuny, French actor (b. 1908)
- 1996 – Jeremy Michael Boorda, American admiral (b. 1939)
- 1997 – Elbridge Durbrow, American diplomat (b. 1903)
- 2000 – Bodacious, American rodeo bull (b. 1988)
- 2001 – Brian Pendleton, English musician (The Pretty Things) (b. 1944)
- 2002 – Alec Campbell, Australian soldier (b. 1899)
- 2002 – Alex Rizzo, American wrestler (b. 1968)
- 2003 – Mark McCormack, American lawyer, sports agent, and writer, founder of IMG (b. 1930)
- 2005 – Andrew Goodpaster, American army general (b. 1915)
- 2008 – David Mitton, English director (b. 1939)
- 2008 – Robert Mondavi, American winemaker, co-founded Opus One Winery (b. 1913)
- 2010 – Ronnie James Dio, American singer, musician, and producer (Rainbow, Black Sabbath, Dio, Heaven & Hell, and Elf) (b. 1942)
- 2010 – Hank Jones, American pianist, bandleader, and composer (b. 1918)
- 2011 – Bob Davis, Australian footballer (b. 1928)
- 2011 – Bill Skiles, American comedian (b. 1931)
- 2011 – Edward Hardwicke, English actor (b. 1932)
- 2012 – James Abdnor, American politician (b. 1923)
- 2012 – Maria Bie?u, Moldovan opera singer (b. 1935)
- 2012 – Chuck Brown, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1936)
- 2012 – Doug Dillard, American musician and actor (b. 1937) (The Dillards)
- 2012 – Kevin Hickey, American baseball player (b. 1956)
Holidays and observances
- Christian Feast Day:
- Mass Graves Day (Iraq)
- National Day, declared by Salva Kiir Mayardit (Southern Sudan)
- Teachers' Day (Malaysia)
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