today.nukz.net: Almanac May 30

Howard Winchester Hawks (May 30, 1896–December 26, 1977) was an American film director, producer and screenwriter of the classic Hollywood era. He is popular for his films from a wide range of genres such as Scarface (1932), Bringing Up Baby (1938), Only Angels Have Wings (1939), His Girl Friday (1940), Sergeant York (1941), To Have and Have Not (1944), The Big Sleep (1946), Red River (1948), The Thing from Another World (1951), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), and Rio Bravo (1959). In 1975, Hawks was awarded the Honorary Academy Award as "a master American filmmaker whose creative efforts hold a distinguished place in world cinema," and in 1942 he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for Sergeant York. Howard Hawks was born in Goshen, Indiana on May 30, 1896.

Events

70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. The Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometers.
1416 – The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy.
1431 – Hundred Years' War: in Rouen, France, 19-year-old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English-dominated tribunal. Because of this the Catholic Church remember this day as the celebration of Saint Joan of Arc.
1434 – Hussite Wars (Bohemian Wars): Battle of Lipany – effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Borek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great.
1536 – King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, a lady-in-waiting to his first two wives.
1539 – In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold.
1574 – Henry III becomes King of France.
1588 – The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.
1631 – Publication of La Gazette, first French newspaper.
1635 – Thirty Years' War: the Peace of Prague (1635) is signed.
1642 – From this date all honors granted by Charles I are retrospectively annulled by Parliament.
1806 – Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel after Dickinson had accused Jackson's wife of bigamy.
1814 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Sixth Coalition – the Treaty of Paris (1814) is signed returning French borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon Bonaparte is exiled to Elba.
1815 – The East Indiaman ship Arniston is wrecked during a storm at Waenhuiskrans, near Cape Agulhas, present-day South Africa, with the loss of 372 lives.
1832 – End of the Hambach Festival in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
1832 – The Rideau Canal in eastern Ontario is opened.
1834 – Joaquim António de Aguiar issue a law extinguishing "all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices and any other houses of the regular religious orders", earning him the nickname of "The Friar-Killer".
1842 – John Francis attempts to murder Queen Victoria as she drives down Constitution Hill, London with Prince Albert.
1854 – The Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
1859 – Westminster's Big Ben rang for the first time in London.
1868 – Decoration Day (the predecessor of the modern "Memorial Day") is observed in the United States for the first time (By "Commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic" John A. Logan's proclamation on May 5).
1871 – The Paris Commune falls.
1876 – Ottoman sultan Abd-ul-Aziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murat V.
1883 – In New York City, a rumor that the Brooklyn Bridge is going to collapse causes a stampede that crushes twelve people.
1899 – Female Old West outlaw Pearl Hart robs a stage coach 30 miles southeast of Globe, Arizona.
1911 – At the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the first Indianapolis 500 ends with Ray Harroun in his Marmon Wasp becoming the first winner of the 500-mile auto race.
1913 – First Balkan War: the Treaty of London, 1913 is signed ending the war. Albania becomes an independent nation.
1914 – The new and then largest Cunard ocean liner RMS Aquitania, 45,647 tons, sets sails on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England to New York City.
1917 – Alexander I becomes king of Greece.
1922 – In Washington, D.C. the Lincoln Memorial is dedicated.
1925 – May 30 Movement: Shanghai Municipal Police Force shot 13 protesting workers to death.
1941 – World War II: Manolis Glezos and Apostolos Santas climb on the Athenian Acropolis, tear down the Nazi swastika.
1942 – World War II: 1000 British bombers launch a 90-minute attack on Cologne, Germany.
1948 – A dike along the flooding Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes. Fifteen people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.
1958 – Memorial Day: the remains of two unidentified American servicemen, killed in action during World War II and the Korean War respectively, are buried at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery.
1959 – The Auckland Harbour Bridge, crossing the Waitemata Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand, is officially opened by Governor-General Lord Cobham.
1961 – Long time Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo is assassinated in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
1963 – A protest against pro-Catholic discrimination during the Buddhist crisis is held outside South Vietnam's National Assembly, the first open demonstration during the eight-year rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.
1966 – Former Congolese Prime Minister Evariste Kimba and several other politicians are publicly executed in Kinshasa on the orders of President Joseph Mobutu.
1966 – Launch of Surveyor 1 the first US spacecraft to achieve landing on an extraterrestrial body.
1967 – The Nigerian Eastern Region declares independence as the Republic of Biafra, sparking a civil war.
1968 – Charles de Gaulle reappears publicly after his flight to Baden-Baden, Germany, and dissolves the French National Assembly by a radio appeal. Immediately after, less than one million of his supporters march on the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This is the turning point of May 1968 in France.
1971 – Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched to map 70% of the surface, and to study temporal changes in the atmosphere and surface, of Mars.
1972 – The Angry Brigade goes on trial over a series of 25 bombings throughout the United Kingdom.
1972 – In Tel Aviv, Israel members of the Japanese Red Army carry out the Lod Airport Massacre, killing 24 people and injuring 78 others.
1989 – Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: the 33-foot high "Goddess of Democracy" statue is unveiled in Tiananmen Square by student demonstrators.
1998 – A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits northern Afghanistan, killing up to 5,000.
1998 – Nuclear Testing: Pakistan conducts an underground test in the Kharan Desert. It is reported to be a plutonium device with yield of 20kt.
2003 – Depayin massacre: at least 70 people associated with the National League for Democracy are killed by government-sponsored mob in Burma. Aung San Suu Kyi fled the scene, but is arrested soon afterwards.

Births

1010 – Emperor Renzong of China (d. 1063)
1423 – Georg Purbach, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1461)
1623 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (d. 1686)
1653 – Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Empress consort of Germany (d. 1676)
1713 – Princess Caroline Elizabeth of Great Britain (d. 1757)
1718 – Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician (d. 1793)
1719 – Roger Newdigate, English politician (d. 1806)
1757 – Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, British statesman (d. 1844)
1768 – Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty, French cavalry commander (d. 1815)
1768 – Karl Friedrich Naumann, German mineralogist and geologist (d. 1873)
1800 – Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose French archbishop of Rouen and senator (d. 1883)
1814 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)
1814 – Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian mathematician (d. 1894)
1819 – William McMurdo, British army officer (d. 1894)
1820 – Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, French Canadian politician (d. 1890)
1844 – Félix Arnaudin, French poet and folklorist (d. 1921)
1845 – King Amadeo I of Spain (d. 1890)
1846 – Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian goldsmith and jeweler (d. 1920)
1858 – Siegfried Alkan, German composer (d. 1941)
1871 – Olga Engl, Austrian actress (d. 1946)
1874 – Ernest Duchesne, French physician (d. 1912)
1875 – Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher (d. 1944)
1878 – Mike Donlin, American baseball player (d. 1933)
1879 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (d. 1917)
1881 – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (d. 1968)
1882 – Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (d. 1915)
1886 – Laurent Barré, Quebec author and politician (d. 1964)
1886 – Randolph Bourne, American writer (d. 1918)
1887 – Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian artist (d. 1964)
1890 – Roger Salengro, French politician (d. 1936)
1892 – Fernando Amorsolo, Filipino painter (d. 1972)
1894 – Hubertus van Mook, Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1942 to 1948 (d. 1965)
1895 – Maurice Tate, English cricketer (d. 1956)
1896 – Howard Hawks, American film director (d. 1977)
1899 – Irving Thalberg, American film producer (d. 1936)
1901 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, American writer and actress (d. 1979)
1902 – Stepin Fetchit, American dancer and actor (d. 1985)
1906 – Bruno Gröning, German mystic (d. 1959)
1907 – Elly Beinhorn, German pilot (d. 2007)
1907 – Germaine Tillion, French anthropologist, member of French Resistance (d. 2008)
1908 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
1908 – Mel Blanc, American voice actor (d. 1989)
1909 – Benny Goodman, American clarinetist and bandleader (d. 1986)
1909 – Jacques Canetti, French talent-spotter (d. 1997)
1910 – Ralph Metcalfe, American athlete (d. 1978)
1910 – Inge Meysel, German actress (d. 2004)
1910 – Harry Bernstein, British-born American writer (d. 2011)
1912 – Julius Axelrod, American biochemist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
1912 – Erich Bagge, German physicist (d. 1996)
1912 – Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (d. 1980)
1912 – Joseph Stein, American playwright (d. 2010)
1914 – Akinoumi Setsuo, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 37th Yokozuna (d. 1979)
1916 – Justin Catayée, French politician (d. 1962)
1918 – Guadalupe "Pita" Amor, Mexican poet (d. 2000)
1918 – Bob Evans, American restaurateur (d. 2007)
1919 – René Barrientos, President of Bolivia (d. 1969)
1920 – Franklin Schaffner, American film director (d. 1989)
1922 – Hal Clement, American writer (d. 2003)
1926 – Christine Jorgensen, American transsexual activist (d. 1989)
1927 – Clint Walker, American actor
1928 – Agnès Varda, French director
1928 – Kevin Charles "Pro" Hart, Australian artist (d. 2006)
1929 – Georges Gilson, French Catholic bishop
1930 – Mark Birley, British nightclub owner (d. 2007)
1930 – Robert Ryman, American painter
1932 – Pauline Oliveros, American composer and accordionist
1934 – Aleksei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut
1934 – Alketas Panagoulias, Greek footballer and coach
1935 – Lee Gunther, American television producer and editor (d. 1998)
1935 – Guy Tardif, Canadian politician (d. 2005)
1936 – Keir Dullea, American actor
1936 – Ruta Lee, Canadian actress
1937 – Harry Statham, American basketball coach
1939 – Michael J. Pollard, American actor
1939 – Dieter Quester, Austrian racing driver
1940 – Gilles Villemure, Canadian ice hockey player
1943 – James Chaney, American civil rights activist (d. 1964)
1943 – Gale Sayers, American football player
1944 – Lenny Davidson, English guitarist (The Dave Clark Five)
1944 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (d. 2000)
1944 – Stav Prodromou, American technology executive
1945 – Norman Eshley, English actor
1946 – Allan Chapman, English historian of science
1947 – Jocelyne Bourassa, French Canadian golfer
1948 – Michael Piller, American screenwriter (d. 2005)
1949 – P.J. Carlesimo, American basketball coach
1949 – Klaüs Flouride (né Geoffrey Lyall), American musician (Dead Kennedys)
1950 – Bertrand Delanoë, French politician
1950 – Dann Glenn, American Bassist and Composer
1950 – Paresh Rawal, Indian actor
1951 – Stephen Tobolowsky, American actor
1951 – Zdravko Colic, Yugoslav-Bosnian singer
1951 – Fernando Lugo, Paraguayan politician
1952 – Kerry Fraser, Canadian ice hockey referee and analyst
1952 – Scott Holmes, American actor
1953 – Colm Meaney, Irish actor
1955 – Jake "The Snake" Roberts, American wrestler
1955 – Topper Headon, British musician (The Clash)
1958 – Marie Fredriksson, Swedish singer and songwriter (Roxette)
1958 – Steve Israel, American politician
1958 – Ted McGinley, American actor
1958 – Michael Lopez-Alegria, Spanish American astronaut
1959 – Phil Brown, English football manager
1959 – Randy Ferbey, Canadian curler
1959 – Frank Vanhecke, Belgian politician
1961 – Harry Enfield, British comedian
1961 – Ralph Carter, American actor
1961 – Bob Yari, Iranian-born American film producer
1962 – Kevin Eastman, American comic book creator (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
1962 – Tonya Pinkins, American actress
1963 – Michel Langevin, Canadian musician (Voivod)
1963 – Élise Lucet, French journalist and television host
1963 – Helen Sharman, British chemist, the first Briton in space
1964 – Wynonna Judd, American country singer
1964 – Tom Morello, American guitarist (Audioslave, Rage Against the Machine)
1964 – Andrea Montermini, Italian racing driver
1965 – Billy Donovan, American college basketball coach
1965 – Iginio Straffi, founder and CEO of Rainbow S.r.l. (Winx Club)
1966 – Stephen Malkmus, American musician (Pavement)
1967 – Tim Burgess, English singer (The Charlatans)
1968 – Kelley Armstrong, Canadian author
1968 – Jason Kenney, Canadian politician
1968 – Zacarias Moussaoui, French convicted terrorist
1969 – Ryuhei Kitamura, Japanese filmmaker
1969 – Naomi Kawase, Japanese film director
1970 – Flora Chan, Hong Kong television actress
1970 – Ness Wadia, Indian industrialist
1971 – Duncan Jones, English film director, son of David Bowie
1971 – Idina Menzel, American actress and singer
1971 – Jiri Slegr, Czech ice hockey player
1972 – Manny Ramírez, Dominican Republic baseball player
1972 – Soichiro Hoshi, Japanese voice actor
1973 – Leigh Francis, British comedian
1974 – Cee-Lo Green, American musician
1974 – Big L, American rapper (d. 1999)
1974 – Konstantinos Chalkias, Greek footballer
1974 – Shin Ha-kyun, South Korean actor
1974 – David Wilkie, American ice hockey player
1975 – Evan Eschmeyer, American basketball player
1975 – Brian Fair, American singer
1975 – Andrew Farrell, English rugby league and union footballer
1976 – Rasho Nesterovic, Slovenian basketball player
1976 – Magnus Norman, Swedish tennis player
1976 – Margaret Okayo, Kenyan athlete
1976 – Leonel Grave de Peralta, Cuban dissident
1977 – Akwá, Angolan footballer
1977 – Marc Dos Santos, Canadian soccer manager
1977 – Rachael Stirling, British actress
1978 – Eric Searle American Musician
1978 – Cyrus King, American actor
1978 – Lyoto Machida, Brazilian mixed martial artist
1979 – Mike Bishai, Canadian ice hockey player
1979 – Rie Kugimiya, Japanese voice actress
1979 – Clint Bowyer, American NASCAR driver
1979 – Francis Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Steven Gerrard, English footballer
1981 – Devendra Banhart, American singer and songwriter
1981 – Blake Bashoff, American actor
1981 – Gianmaria Bruni, Italian racing driver
1981 – Ahmad Elrich, Australian footballer
1981 – Remy Ma, American rapper
1981 – Lars Møller Madsen, Danish handball player
1981 – Hisanori Takada, Japanese footballer
1982 – Eddie Griffin, American basketball player (d. 2007)
1982 – James Simpson-Daniel, English rugby player
1983 – Jennifer Ellison, English actress, model, singer
1984 – Matt Maguire, Australian rules footballer
1984 – Jordan Palmer, American football player
1984 – Sham Kwok Fai, Hong Kong footballer
1984 – Alexander Sulzer, German ice hockey player
1985 – Aaron Volpatti, Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Joyce Cheng, Hong Kong musician, writer, actress
1988 – Antonio Winterstein, Australian rugby league footballer
1988 – Kelvin Etuhu, Nigerian footballer
1989 – Ailee, American-Korean singer and actress
1989 – Hyomin, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (T-ara)
1989 – Kevin Covais, American singer and actor
1989 – Lesia Tsurenko, Ukrainian tennis player
1990 – Dean Collins, American actor
1990 – Andrei Loktionov, Russian ice hockey player
1990 – Im Yoona, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (Girls' Generation)
1992 – Liam Mower, English actor and dancer
1997 – Jake Short, American actor
2000 – Jared S. Gilmore, American actor

Deaths

1159 – Wladislaus II the Exile of Poland (b. 1105)
1252 – King Ferdinand III of Castile (b. 1199)
1416 – Jerome of Prague, Czech theologian (b. 1379)
1431 – Joan of Arc, French military figure and Catholic saint (b. 1412)
1434 – Prokop the Great, Hussite general
1469 – Lope de Barrientos, Spanish bishop (b. 1382)
1574 – King Charles IX of France (b. 1550)
1576 – Harada Naomasa, Japanese retainer and samurai
1593 – Christopher Marlowe, English playwright (b. 1564)
1640 – Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter (b. 1577)
1696 – Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, First Lord of the British Admiralty (b. 1638)
1712 – Andrea Lanzani, Italian painter of the Baroque period (b. c. 1645)
1718 – Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle, Dutch noble (b. 1670)
1730 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648)
1744 – Alexander Pope, English writer (b. 1688)
1770 – François Boucher, French painter (b. 1703)
1778 – Voltaire, French philosopher and author (b. 1694)
1829 – Philibert Jean-Baptiste Curial, French military figure (b. 1774)
1832 – James Mackintosh, Scottish jurist, politician and historian (b. 1765)
1865 – John Catron, American jurist (b. 1786)
1868 – Okita Soji, Japanese law enforcement figure (b. 1823)
1901 – Victor D'Hondt, Belgian mathematician (b. 1841)
1911 – Milton Bradley, American game pioneer (b. 1836)
1912 – Wilbur Wright, American aviatior (b. 1867)
1918 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian Marxist theoretician (b. 1856)
1925 – Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian (b. 1876)
1926 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian physicist (b. 1864)
1934 – Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
1939 – Floyd Roberts, American race car driver (b. 1904)
1941 – King Prajadhipok of Thailand (b. 1893)
1946 – Louis Slotin, Canadian scientist (b. 1910)
1947 – Georg Ludwig von Trapp, Austrian submarine commander (b. 1880)
1948 – József Klekl, Slovene politician (b. 1874)
1949 – Emmanuel Célestin Suhard, French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (b. 1874)
1951 – Hermann Broch, Austrian author (b. 1886)
1953 – Dooley Wilson, American musician and actor (b. 1886)
1955 – Bill Vukovich, American race car driver (b. 1918)
1960 – Boris Pasternak, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
1961 – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina, Dominican Republic dictator (b. 1891)
1964 – Isaac Babalola Akinyele, Olubadan of Ibadan (b. 1882)
1964 – Leó Szilárd, Hungarian nuclear physicist (b. 1898)
1964 – Eddie Sachs, American auto racer (b. 1927)
1964 – Dave MacDonald, American auto racer (b. 1936)
1965 – Louis Hjelmslev, Danish linguist (b. 1899)
1967 – Claude Rains, English actor (b. 1889)
1967 – Georg Wilhelm Pabst, Austrian film director (b.1885)
1971 – Marcel Dupré, French organist and composer (b. 1886)
1975 – Steve Prefontaine, American distance runner (b. 1951)
1975 – Tatsuo Shimabuku, Japanese martial artist (b. 1908)
1975 – Michel Simon, French actor (b. 1895)
1976 – Max Carey, American baseball player (b. 1890)
1978 – Jean Deslauriers, Canadian violinist, conductor and composer (b. 1909)
1980 – Carl Radle, American bass guitarist (b. 1942)
1981 – Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1955)
1981 – Ziaur Rahman, Bangladeshi statesman (b. 1936)
1986 – Perry Ellis, American fashion designer (b. 1940)
1988 – Robert O'Reilly, Australian singer (b. 1940)
1993 – Sun Ra, American musician (b. 1914)
1994 – Ezra Taft Benson, American religious figure (b. 1899)
1994 – Marcel Bich, French industrialist (b. 1914)
1994 – Agostino Di Bartolomei, Italian footballer (b. 1955)
1995 – Ted Drake, English footballer (b. 1912)
1995 – Lofty England, English automotive engineer (b. 1911)
1995 – Bobby Stokes, English footballer (b. 1951)
1996 – Léon-Etienne Duval, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (b. 1903)
2000 – Tex Beneke, American bandleader and musician (b. 1914)
2000 – Doris Hare, Welsh actress (b. 1905)
2001 – Denis Whitaker, Canadian soldier and author (b. 1915)
2003 – Mickie Most, English record producer (b. 1938)
2005 – Fazal Mahmood, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1927)
2005 – Tomasz Pacynski, Polish writer (b. 1958)
2005 – Alma Ziegler, American baseball player (b. 1918)
2006 – Shohei Imamura, Japanese film director (b. 1926)
2006 – Robert Sterling, American actor (b. 1917)
2006 – David Lloyd, New Zealand biologist (b. 1938)
2007 – Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and author (b. 1933)
2007 – Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, Indian poet (b.1927)
2008 – Lorenzo Odone, American medical figure (b. 1978)
2008 – Noel Moore, British civil servant (b. 1928)
2008 – Auguste Legros, French politician (b.1922)
2009 – Torsten Andersson, Swedish painter (b. 1926)
2009 – Ephraim Katzir, Israeli biophysicist and politician (b. 1916)
2010 – Duff Roblin, Canadian politician (b. 1917)
2010 – Joan Rhodes, British performer and stuntwoman (b. 1921)
2010 – Peter Orlovsky, American poet (b. 1933)
2011 – Clarice Taylor, American actress (b. 1917)