today.nukz.net: Almanac June 1

Norma Jeane Mortensen Baker (June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), professionally recognized as Marilyn Monroe, was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s. After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) drew attention to her. By 1953, Monroe had progressed to a leading role in Niagara (1953), a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her "dumb blonde" persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited by typecasting, Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits, co-starring Clark Gable with screenplay by her then-husband, Arthur Miller.

Events

193 – Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is assassinated.
987 – Hugh Capet is elected King of France.
1204 – King Philip Augustus of France conquers Rouen.
1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
1252 – Alfonso X is elected King of Castile and León.
1298 – Residents of Riga and Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeated the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida.
1495 – Friar John Cor records the first known batch of scotch whisky.
1533 – Anne Boleyn is crowned Queen of England.
1648 – The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
1660 – Mary Dyer is hanged for defying a law banning Quakers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1670 – In Dover, England, Charles II of Great Britain and Louis XIV of France sign the secret treaty of Dover, which will force England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War.
1679 – The Scottish Covenanters defeat John Graham of Claverhouse at the Battle of Drumclog.
1779 – Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.
1792 – Kentucky is admitted as the 15th state of the United States.
1794 – The battle of the Glorious First of June is fought, the first naval engagement between Britain and France during the French Revolutionary Wars.
1796 – Tennessee is admitted as the 16th state of the United States.
1812 – War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.
1813 – James Lawrence, the mortally-wounded commander of the USS Chesapeake, gives his final order: "Don't give up the ship!"
1815 – Napoleon swears fidelity to the Constitution of France.
1831 – James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole.
1855 – American adventurer William Walker conquers Nicaragua.
1857 – Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal is published.
1861 – American Civil War, Battle of Fairfax Court House (June 1861), first land battle of American Civil War after Battle of Fort Sumter, first Confederate combat casualty.
1862 – American Civil War, Peninsula Campaign: Battle of Seven Pines (or the Battle of Fair Oaks) ends inconclusively, with both sides claiming victory.
1868 – Treaty of Bosque Redondo is signed allowing the Navajos to return to their lands in Arizona and New Mexico.
1879 – Napoleon Eugene, the last dynastic Bonaparte, is killed in the Anglo-Zulu War.
1890 – The United States Census Bureau begins using Herman Hollerith's tabulating machine to count census returns.
1910 – Robert Falcon Scott's South Pole expedition leaves England.
1913 – The Greek-Serbian Treaty of Alliance is signed, paving the way for the Second Balkan War.
1916 – Louis Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
1918 – World War I, Western Front: Battle for Belleau Wood – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord engage Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince.
1921 – Tulsa Race Riot: civil unrest in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
1922 – The Royal Ulster Constabulary is founded.
1929 – The 1st Conference of the Communist Parties of Latin America is held in Buenos Aires.
1941 – World War II: Battle of Crete ends as Crete capitulates to Germany.
1941 – The Farhud, a pogrom of Iraqi Jews, takes place in Baghdad.
1943 – British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation the downing was an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
1946 – Ion Antonescu, "Conducator" (leader) of Romania during World War II, is executed.
1958 – Charles de Gaulle comes out of retirement to lead France by decree for six months.
1960 – New Zealand's first official television broadcast commences at 7.30 pm from Auckland.
1962 – The Pilkington Committee on Broadcasting concludes, among other things, that the British public did not want commercial radio broadcasting.
1963 – Kenya gains internal self-rule (Madaraka Day).
1967 – Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album by The Beatles is released.
1974 – Flixborough disaster: an explosion at a chemical plant kills 28 people.
1978 – The first international applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty are filed.
1979 – The first black-led government of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 90 years takes power.
1980 – Cable News Network (CNN) begins broadcasting.
1990 – George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production.
1993 – Dobrinja mortar attack: 13 are killed and 133 wounded when Serb mortar shells are fired at a soccer game in Dobrinja, west of Sarajevo.
1999 – American Airlines Flight 1420 slides and crashes while landing at Little Rock National Airport, killing 11 people on a flight from Dallas to Little Rock.
2001 – Nepalese royal massacre: Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal shoots and kills several members of his family including his father and mother, King Birendra of Nepal and Queen Aiswarya.
2001 – Dolphinarium massacre: A Hamas suicide bomber kills 21 at a disco in Tel Aviv.
2003 – The People's Republic of China begins filling the reservoir behind the Three Gorges Dam.
2009 – Air France Flight 447 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. All 228 passengers and crew are killed.
2009 – General Motors files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It is the fourth largest United States bankruptcy in history.
2011 – A rare tornado outbreak occurs in New England; a strong EF3 tornado strikes Springfield, Massachusetts during the event, killing four people.

Births

719 – Yang Guifei, Chinese princess and consort (d. 756)
1076 – Mstislav I of Kiev (d. 1132)
1134 – Geoffrey, Count of Nantes (d. 1158)
1300 – Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (d. 1338)
1480 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish bishop (d. 1550)
1503 – Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (d. 1567)
1563 – Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (d. 1612)
1633 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (d. 1687)
1653 – Georg Muffat, French composer (d. 1704)
1675 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist and writer (d. 1755)
1754 – Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau (d. 1806)
1762 – Edmund Ignatius Rice, Irish missionary (d. 1844)
1771 – Ferdinando Paer, Italian composer (d. 1839)
1790 – Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (d. 1836)
1796 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French physicist (d. 1832)
1800 – Edward Deas Thomson, Australian politician (d. 1879)
1801 – Brigham Young, American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement (d. 1877)
1804 – Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (d. 1857)
1815 – Otto of Greece (d. 1862)
1825 – John Hunt Morgan, American general (d. 1864)
1831 – John Bell Hood, American general (d. 1879)
1833 – John Marshall Harlan, American lawyer and politician (d. 1911)
1843 – Henry Faulds, Scottish physician, missionary and scientist, developed fingerprinting (d. 1930)
1844 – John J. Toffey, American army officer (d. 1911)
1878 – John Masefield, English novelist and poet (d. 1967)
1889 – Charles Kay Ogden, English linguist, philosopher, and writer (d. 1957)
1890 – Frank Morgan, American actor (d. 1949)
1898 – Molly Picon, American actress (d. 1992)
1899 – Edward Charles Titchmarsh, English mathematician (d. 1963)
1901 – John Van Druten, English playwright and director (d. 1957)
1901 – Hap Day, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 1990)
1903 – Vasyl Velychkovsky, Ukrainian bishop (d. 1973)
1905 – Robert Newton, English actor (d. 1956)
1907 – Frank Whittle, English engineer and inventor, developed the jet engine (d. 1996)
1908 – Julie Campbell Tatham, American writer (d. 1999)
1909 – Yechezkel Kutscher, Slovakian-Israeli philologist (d. 1971)
1909 – Hans Vogt, Norwegian linguist (d. 1986)
1912 – Herbert Tichy, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1987)
1913 – Bill Deedes, English journalist (d. 2007)
1915 – John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
1917 – William Standish Knowles, American chemist, Nobel laureate
1920 – Robert Clarke, American actor d. 2005
1921 – Nelson Riddle, American arranger, composer, and bandleader (d. 1985)
1922 – Povel Ramel, Swedish singer-songwriter, pianist, and composer (d. 2007)
1922 – Joan Caulfield, American actress and model (d. 1991)
1922 – Joan Copeland, American actress
1924 – William Sloane Coffin, American clergyman and activist (d. 2006)
1925 – Dilia Díaz Cisneros, Venezuelan teacher and poet
1925 – Marie Knight, American singer (d. 2009)
1926 – Andy Griffith, American actor, singer, director, producer, and writer
1926 – Marilyn Monroe, American model, actress, singer, and producer (d. 1962)
1928 – Georgy Dobrovolsky, Soviet astronaut (d. 1971)
1928 – Bob Monkhouse, English comedian, actor, and writer (d. 2003)
1929 – James H. Billington, American educator and librarian
1929 – Nargis, Indian actress (d. 1981)
1930 – John Lemmon, English logician and philosopher (d. 1966)
1930 – Edward Woodward, English actor (d. 2009)
1932 – Christopher Lasch, American historian and critic (d. 1994)
1933 – Haruo Remeliik, Palauan politician, 1st President of Palau (d. 1985)
1933 – Charles Wilson, American politician (d. 2010)
1934 – Pat Boone, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
1935 – Reverend Ike, American minister (d. 2009)
1935 – Hazel Dickens, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2011)
1936 – André Bourbeau, Canadian politician
1936 – Joe Doyle, Irish politician
1936 – Bekim Fehmiu, Yugoslavian actor (d. 2010)
1936 – Gerald Scarfe, English illustrator
1937 – Morgan Freeman, American actor and director
1937 – Rosaleen Linehan, Irish actress
1937 – Colleen McCullough, Australian novelist
1938 – Khawar Rizvi, Pakistani poet and scholar
1939 – Cleavon Little, American actor (d. 1992)
1940 – René Auberjonois, American actor
1940 – Katerina Gogou, Greek actress and poet (d. 1993)
1940 – Kip Thorne, American physicist
1941 – Alexander V. Zakharov, Russian scientist
1943 – Lorrie Wilmot, South African cricketer (d. 2004)
1944 – Robert Powell, English actor
1945 – Linda Scott, American singer
1945 – Frederica von Stade, American soprano
1946 – Brian Cox, Scottish actor
1946 – Jody Stecher, American singer and musician
1947 – Jonathan Pryce, English actor
1947 – Ron Dennis, English businessman, founded McLaren Automotive
1947 – Ronnie Wood, English musician, songwriter, and producer (The Jeff Beck Group, Rolling Stones, and Faces)
1948 – Powers Boothe, American actor
1948 – Michel Plasse, French-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
1948 – Tom Sneva, American race car driver
1950 – Perrin Beatty, Canadian politician
1950 – Wayne Nelson, American singer and musician (Little River Band)
1950 – Tom Robinson, English singer-songwriter and bassist (Sector 27 and Tom Robinson Band)
1953 – David Berkowitz, American serial killer and arsonist
1953 – Ronnie Dunn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Brooks & Dunn)
1955 – Tony Snow, American journalist, 26th White House Press Secretary (d. 2008)
1955 – Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler
1956 – Lisa Hartman, American actress
1956 – Robin Mattson, American actress
1957 – Dorota Kedzierzawska, Polish director
1958 – Ahron Bregman, Israeli journalist
1959 – Martin Brundle, English race car driver
1959 – Alan Wilder, English singer, musician, producer, and composer (Depeche Mode and Recoil)
1960 – Simon Gallup, English singer and musician (The Cure, Fools Dance, The Magazine Spies, and Lockjaw)
1960 – Giorgos Lillikas, Cypriot politician
1961 – Paul Coffey, Canadian ice hockey player
1961 – Peter Machajdík, Slovakian composer and pianist
1963 – Mike Joyce, English drummer (The Smiths and Buzzcocks)
1964 – Mark Curry, American comedian and actor
1965 – Larisa Lazutina, Russian skier
1965 – Nigel Short, English chess player
1966 – Greg Schiano, American football player and coach
1967 – Roger Sanchez, American DJ
1968 – Jason Donovan, Australian actor and singer
1968 – Jeff Hackett, Canadian hockey player
1968 – Karen Mulder, Dutch model and singer
1969 – René Liu, Taiwanese actress and singer
1969 – Teri Polo, American actress
1970 – Alexi Lalas, American soccer player
1970 – R. Madhavan, Indian actor
1970 – Paul Schrier, American actor
1971 – Mario Cimarro, Cuban actor
1972 – Daniel Casey, English actor
1972 – Mike Dunham, American ice hockey player
1972 – Mindy Smith, American singer-songwriter and musician
1973 – Frédérik Deburghgraeve, Belgian swimmer
1973 – Adam Garcia, Australian actor
1973 – Derek Lowe, American baseball player
1973 – Heidi Klum, German model, actress, fashion designer, and producer
1974 – Ashok Jadeja, Indian con-artist
1974 – Alanis Morissette, Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and actress
1974 – Michael Rasmussen, Danish cyclist
1974 – Melissa Sagemiller, American actress
1974 – Akis Zikos, Greek footballer
1975 – James Storm, American wrestler
1975 – Michal Grošek, Czech ice hockey player
1977 – Sarah Wayne Callies, American actress
1977 – Danielle Harris, American actress
1977 – Brad Wilkerson, American baseball player
1977 – Richard Williams, English race car driver
1978 – Matthew Hittinger, American poet
1979 – Santana Moss, American football player
1979 – Markus Persson, Swedish video game designer
1980 – Oliver James, English actor and singer
1981 – Carlos Zambrano, Venezuelan baseball player
1981 – Brandi Carlile, American singer-songwriter and musician
1981 – Smush Parker, American basketball player
1982 – Justine Henin, Belgian tennis player
1983 – Jake Silbermann, American actor
1984 – Naidangiin Tüvshinbayar, Mongolian athlete
1984 – Oliver Tielemans, Dutch race car driver
1985 – Tirunesh Dibaba, Ethiopian runner
1985 – Ari Herstand, American singer-songwriter and musician
1985 – Mário Hipólito, Angolan footballer
1985 – Nick Young, American basketball player
1985 – Sam Young, American basketball player
1986 – Dayana Mendoza, Venezuelan model, Miss Universe 2008
1986 – Ben Smith, New Zealand rugby player
1987 – Zoltán Harsányi, Slovakian footballer
1987 – Juan Hernandez, Mexican footballer
1987 – Jerel McNeal, American basketball player
1987 – Johan Santos, Filipino actor and model
1988 – Javier Hernández Balcázar, Mexican footballer
1988 – Nami Tamaki, Japanese singer
1989 – Brooklyn Lee, American porn actress
1991 – Blaine Miller, American actor
1992 – Kira Plastinina, Russian fashion designer
2000 – Willow Shields, American actress

Deaths

195 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han (b. 256)
193 – Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor (b. 133)
1432 – Dan II of Wallachia
1434 – Jogaila of Poland (b. 1362)
1571 – John Story, English martyr (b. 1504)
1616 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shogun (b. 1543)
1625 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (b. 1568)
1639 – Melchior Franck, German composer (b. 1579)
1660 – Mary Dyer, English quaker (b. 1611)
1710 – David Mitchell, English admiral (b. 1642)
1740 – Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (b. 1657)
1769 – Edward Holyoke, American clergyman, 9th President of Harvard University (b. 1689)
1795 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist (b. 1744)
1815 – Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (b. 1753)
1823 – Louis-Nicolas Davout, French marshal (b. 1770)
1826 – Jean Frédéric Oberlin, Alsatian pastor (b. 1740)
1830 – Swaminarayan, Indian Hindu figure (b. 1781)
1841 – David Wilkie, Scottish artist (b. 1785)
1846 – Pope Gregory XVI (b. 1765)
1861 – John Quincy Marr, American soldier (b. 1825)
1864 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel, led the Taiping Rebellion (b. 1812)
1868 – James Buchanan, American lawyer and politician, 15th President of the United States (b. 1791)
1872 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr., American newspaper publisher, founded the New York Herald (b. 1795)
1873 – Joseph Howe, Canadian politician (b. 1804)
1879 – Napoléon, Prince Imperial French son of Napoleon III of France (b. 1856)
1927 – J. B. Bury, Irish historian (b. 1861)
1935 – Arthur Arz von Straußenburg, Austro-Hungarian general (d. 1857)
1938 – Ödön von Horváth, Austro-Hungarian playwright and novelist (b. 1901)
1941 – Hans Berger, German scientist (b. 1873)
1943 – Leslie Howard, English actor (b. 1893)
1943 – Wilfrid B. Israel, German activist (b. 1899)
1946 – Ion Antonescu, Romanian soldier and politician, Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1882)
1947 – Anna Hoffman-Uddgren, Swedish director and actor (b. 1868)
1948 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American singer and harmonica player (b. 1914)
1948 – Alex Gard, Russian cartoonist (b. 1900)
1952 – John Dewey, American philosopher and theorist (b. 1859)
1953 – Emanuel Vidovic, Croatian artist (b. 1870)
1954 – Martin Andersen Nexø, Danish writer (b. 1869)
1955 – Kathleen, Duchess of Newcastle (b. 1872)
1959 – Sax Rohmer, English author (b. 1883)
1960 – Lester Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1883)
1960 – Paula Hitler, Austrian-German sister of Adolf Hitler (b. 1896)
1965 – Curly Lambeau, American football player and coach, founded the Green Bay Packers (b. 1898)
1966 – Papa Jack Laine, American bandleader and musician (b. 1873)
1968 – Helen Keller, American author, activist, and lecturer (b. 1880)
1968 – André Laurendeau, Canadian writer, journalist, and politician (b. 1912)
1969 – Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian ice skater (b. 1904)
1971 – Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian (b. 1892)
1973 – Mary Kornman, American actress (b. 1915)
1979 – Werner Forssmann, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1904)
1980 – Rube Marquard, American baseball player (b. 1886)
1980 – Arthur Nielsen, American market analyst, founded the ACNielsen company (b. 1897)
1981 – Carl Vinson, American politician (b. 1883)
1983 – Prince Charles, Count of Flanders (b. 1903)
1985 – Richard Greene, English actor (b. 1918)
1986 – Jo Gartner, Austrian race car driver (b. 1958)
1987 – Rashid Karami, Lebanese statesman, Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1921)
1989 – Aurelio Lampredi, Italian designer and engineer (b. 1917)
1991 – David Ruffin, American singer and drummer (The Temptations) (b. 1941)
1994 – Frances Heflin, American actress (b. 1923)
1996 – Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Indian politician, 6th President of India (b. 1913)
1998 – Darwin Joston, American actor (b. 1937)
1999 – Christopher Cockerell, English engineer and inventor, invented the hovercraft (b. 1910)
2001 – Aishwarya of Nepal (b. 1949)
2001 – Birendra of Nepal (b. 1945)
2001 – Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
2002 – Hansie Cronje, South African cricketer (b. 1969)
2004 – William Manchester, American writer (b. 1922)
2005 – George Mikan, American basketball player (b. 1924)
2006 – Rocío Jurado, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)
2007 – Arn Shein, American writer (b. 1928)
2007 – Tony Thompson, American singer (Hi-Five) (b. 1975)
2008 – Tommy Lapid, Israeli journalist and politician (b. 1931)
2008 – Yves Saint Laurent, French fashion designer (b. 1936)
2009 – Thomas Berry, American theologian (b. 1914)
2009 – Vincent O'Brien, Irish horse trainer (b.1917)
2010 – William H. Ginn Jr., American Air Force officer (b. 1928)
2011 – Haleh Sahabi, Iranian activist (b. 1957)
2012 – Pádraig Faulkner, Irish politician (b. 1918)