today.nukz.net: Almanac June 12

Annelies "Anne" Marie Frank; 12 June 1929 – early March 1945) was one of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust. Her diary has been the basis for several plays and films. Born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany, she lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. Born a German national, Frank lost her citizenship in 1941 when Nazi Germany passed the anti-Semitic Nuremberg Laws. She gained international fame posthumously after her diary was published. It documents her experiences hiding during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II

Events

1381 – Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
1418 – An insurrection delivers Paris to the Burgundians.
1429 – Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk in the second day of the Battle of Jargeau.
1560 – Battle of Okehazama: Oda Nobunaga defeats Imagawa Yoshimoto.
1653 – First Anglo-Dutch War: the Battle of the Gabbard begins and lasts until June 13.
1665 – England installs a municipal government in New York City (the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam).
1758 – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg – James Wolfe's attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia commences.
1775 – American Revolution: British general Thomas Gage declares martial law in Massachusetts. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: Samuel Adams and John Hancock, if captured, were to be hanged.
1776 – The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted.
1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.
1860 – The State Bank of the Russian Empire is established.
1864 – American Civil War, Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor – Ulysses S. Grant gives the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee a victory when he pulls his Union troops from their positions at Cold Harbor, Virginia and moves south.
1889 – 78 are killed in the Armagh rail disaster near Armagh in what is now Northern Ireland.
1898 – Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain.
1899 – New Richmond Tornado: the eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
1922 – At Windsor Castle, King George V receives the colours of the six Irish regiments that are to be disbanded – the Royal Irish Regiment, the Connaught Rangers, the South Irish Horse, the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment, the Royal Munster Fusiliers and the Royal Dublin Fusiliers.
1939 – Shooting begins on Paramount Pictures' Dr. Cyclops, the first horror film photographed in three-strip Technicolor.
1939 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opens in Cooperstown, New York.
1940 – World War II: 13,000 British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.
1942 – Holocaust: Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.
1943 – Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Berezhany, western Ukraine. 1,180 Jews are led to the city's old Jewish graveyard and shot.
1954 – Pope Pius XII canonises Dominic Savio, who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a saint, making him the youngest non-martyr saint in the Roman Catholic Church.
1963 – Civil rights leader Medgar Evers is murdered in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by Ku Klux Klan member Byron De La Beckwith.
1964 – Anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.
1967 – The United States Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia declares all U.S. state laws which prohibit interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.
1967 – Venera program: Venera 4 is launched (it will become the first space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data).
1978 – David Berkowitz, the "Son of Sam" killer in New York City, is sentenced to 365 years in prison for six killings.
1979 – Bryan Allen wins the second Kremer prize for a man powered flight across the English Channel in the Gossamer Albatross.
1987 – The Central African Republic's former Emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.
1987 – Cold War: At the Brandenburg Gate U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly challenges Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
1990 – Russia Day – the parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty.
1991 – Russians elect Boris Yeltsin as the president of the republic.
1991 – 1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 152 minority Tamil civilians in the village Kokkadichcholai near the eastern province town of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka.
1993 – An election takes place in Nigeria which and is later annulled by the military Government led by Ibrahim Babangida.
1994 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside her home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in wrongful death civil suit.
1994 – The Boeing 777, the world's largest twinjet, makes its first flight.
1996 – In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a panel of federal judges blocks a law against indecency on the internet.
1997 – Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London.
1999 – Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian begins when a NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping force (KFor) enters the province of Kosovo in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
2000 – Sandro Rosa do Nascimento takes hostages while robbing Bus #174 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the highly-publicized standoff becomes a media circus and ends with the death of do Nascimento and a hostage.
2001 – Robert Edward Dyer is sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment for attempting to extort money from a British supermarket chain through a letter bomb campaign.
2009 – A disputed presidential election in Iran leads to wide ranging protests in Iran and around the world.

Births

1107 – Emperor Gaozong of China (d. 1187)
1519 – Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1574)
1577 – Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1643)
1771 – Patrick Gass, American sergeant in the Lewis and Clark Expedition (d. 1870)
1775 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (d. 1851)
1777 – Robert Clark, American politician (d. 1837)
1795 – John Marston, Served in the Union Navy during the Civil War
1802 – Harriet Martineau, controversial journalist, political economist, abolitionist and life-long feminist (d. 1876)
1806 – John A. Roebling, German-American civil engineer (Brooklyn Bridge) (d. 1869)
1812 – Edmond Hébert, French geologist (d. 1890)
1819 – Charles Kingsley, English writer (d. 1875)
1827 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss writer (d. 1901)
1841 – Watson Fothergill English Architect based in Nottingham (d. 1928)
1851 – Sir Oliver Lodge, English physicist and writer (d. 1940)
1858 – Harry Hamilton Johnston, British polymath (d. 1927)
1861 – William Attewell, English cricketer (d. 1927)
1864 – Frank Chapman, American ornithologist (d. 1945)
1875 – Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953)
1888 – Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician (d. 1920)
1890 – Egon Schiele, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
1892 – Djuna Barnes, American author (d. 1982)
1892 – Apostolos Grozos, leader of the Communist Party of Greece (d. 1981)
1897 – Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1977)
1899 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1986)
1902 – Hendrik Elias, Flemish politician (d. 1973)
1903 – Emmett Hardy, American musician (d. 1925)
1905 – Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1988)
1906 – Sandro Penna, Italian poet (d. 1977)
1908 – Alphonse Ouimet, Canadian TV pioneer and president of the CBC (d. 1988)
1908 – Marina Semyonova, Russian ballerina (d. 2010)
1908 – Otto Skorzeny, WWII German SS commando (d. 1975)
1910 – Bill Naughton, English playwright (d. 1992)
1912 – Carl Iver Hovland, American psychologist (d. 1961)
1913 – Jean Victor Allard, Canadian army general (d. 1996)
1915 – Christopher Mayhew, British politician (d. 1997)
1915 – David Rockefeller, American banker
1916 – Irwin Allen, American film producer (d. 1991)
1916 – Raul Hector Castro, American politician
1918 – Samuel Z. Arkoff, American film producer (d. 2001)
1919 – Uta Hagen, American actress (d. 2004)
1920 – Dave Berg, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
1920 – Peter Jones, English actor (d. 2000)
1920 – Jim Siedow, American actor (d. 2003)
1921 – Christopher Derrick, British writer (d. 2007)
1921 – James Archibald Houston, Canadian artist (d. 2005)
1921 – Luis García Berlanga, Spanish film director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
1923 – Monty Westmore, American make-up artist (d. 2007)
1924 – George H. W. Bush, 41st President of the United States
1925 – Jaime Montestrela, Portuguese writer (d. 1975)
1926 – Jackie Pallo, English professional wrestler (d. 2006)
1928 – Vic Damone, American singer
1928 – Petros Molyviatis, Greek politician
1928 – Richard M. Sherman, American songwriter
1929 – Brigid Brophy, British writer (d. 1995)
1929 – Anne Frank, German-born Dutch Jewish diarist and Holocaust victim (d. 1945)
1929 – Jameel Jalibi, Pakistani scholar, writer, and Urdu linguist
1930 – Donald Byrne, American chess player (d. 1976)
1930 – Jim Nabors, American actor
1930 – Innes Ireland, Scottish racing driver (d. 1993)
1932 – Mimi Coertse, South African soprano
1932 – Rona Jaffe, American novelist (d. 2005)
1932 – Mamo Wolde, Ethiopian athlete (d. 2002)
1933 – Eddie Adams, American photographer, won Pulitzer Prize (d. 2004)
1934 – John A. Alonzo, American cinematographer (d. 2001)
1937 – Vladimir Arnold, Russian mathematician
1937 – Klaus Basikow, German football player and manager
1937 – Antal Festetics, Austrian biologist
1938 – Tom Oliver, Australian actor
1939 – Frank McCloskey, American politician (d. 2003)
1941 – Marv Albert, American sportscaster
1941 – Chick Corea, American musician
1941 – Roy Harper, English musician
1942 – Bert Sakmann, German physiologist, Nobel laureate
1942 – Len Barry, American singer and musician (The Dovells)
1943 – Reg Presley, English singer/songwriter (The Troggs)
1945 – Pat Jennings, Northern Irish footballer
1946 – Michel Bergeron, NHL head coach
1948 – Hans Binder, Austrian racing driver
1948 – Herbert Meyer, German footballer
1949 – Jens Böhrnsen, German politician
1949 – Marc Tardif, Canadian ice hockey player
1949 – John Wetton, English musician (Asia)
1951 – Andranik Margaryan, 14th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 2007)
1951 – Bun E. Carlos, American musician (Cheap Trick)
1951 – Brad Delp, American singer (Boston) (d. 2007)
1951 – Hans Niessl, Austrian politician
1952 – Pete Farndon, English musician (The Pretenders) (d. 1983)
1952 – Spencer Abraham, Secretary of Energy under George W. Bush
1953 – Allan Weiner, American radio station owner
1953 – Rocky Burnette, American Rockabilly musician
1953 – David Thornton, American actor
1954 – Neil Oatley, English engineer
1956 – Terry Alderman, Australian cricketer
1957 – Timothy Busfield, American actor
1957 – Javed Miandad, Pakistani cricketer and coach
1958 – Rebecca Holden, American actress and singer
1958 – Rory Sparrow, American basketball player
1959 – Jenilee Harrison, American actress
1959 – John Linnell, American musician (They Might Be Giants)
1959 – Scott Thompson, Canadian comedian (The Kids in the Hall)
1959 – Jervis Johnson, Games Designer for Games Workshop, Nottingham
1961 – Jim Goad, American author
1961 – Kira Roessler, American musician (Black Flag) and dialogue editor
1962 – Paul Clark, English musician (The Bolshoi)
1962 – John Enos III, American actor
1963 – Warwick Capper, Australian rules footballer
1963 – Tim DeKay, American actor
1963 – Jerry Lynn, American professional wrestler
1963 – Johnny Weiss, American professional wrestler
1963 – Philippe Bugalski, French rally driver
1964 – Kent Jones, American journalist (The Rachel Maddow Show)
1964 – Paula Marshall, American actress
1964 – Derek Higgins, Irish racing driver
1965 – Rob Collins, English keyboard player (Charlatans) (1996)
1965 – Filip Topol, Czech musician and writer
1965 – Vicky Vette, Norwegian-born adult film actress
1967 – Frances O'Connor, Australian actress
1967 – Icíar Bollaín, Spanish actress, director and writer
1968 – Scott Aldred, American baseball player
1968 – Bobby Sheehan, American musician (Blues Traveler) (d. 1999)
1968 – Htay Kywe, Burmese democracy activist
1969 – Zsolt Daczi, Hungarian guitarist (Omen, Bikini) (d. 2007)
1969 – Mathieu Schneider, American ice hockey player
1969 – Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician
1970 – Rick Hoffman, American actor
1970 – Gordon Michael Woolvett, Canadian actor
1971 – Arman Alizad, Finnish tailor, columnist and TV personality
1971 – Mark Henry, American professional wrestler
1971 – Ryan Klesko, American baseball player
1972 – Bounty Killer, Jamaican deejay
1973 – Jason Caffey, American basketball player
1973 – Takis Fyssas, Greek footballer
1973 – Darryl White, Australian rules footballer
1974 – Hideki Matsui, Japanese baseball player
1974 – Jason Mewes, American actor
1974 – Kerry Kittles, American basketball player
1975 – Michael Muhney, American actor
1975 – Bryan Alvarez, American professional wrestler
1976 – Thomas Sørensen, Danish footballer
1976 – Antawn Jamison, American basketball player
1977 – Richard Ayoade, English actor and writer
1977 – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, American blues-rock guitarist
1977 – Wade Redden, Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – DJ Qualls, American actor
1979 – Dallas Clark, American football player
1979 – Wil Horneff, American actor
1979 – Robyn, Swedish musician
1979 – Earl Watson, American basketball player
1979 – Diego Milito, Argentinian football player
1980 – Marco Bortolami, Italian rugby union player
1980 – Larry Foote, American football player
1980 – Ifet Taljevic, German footballer
1981 – Adriana Lima, Brazilian supermodel
1981 – Nora Tschirner, German television presenter
1982 – Ben Blackwell, American musician
1982 – Jason David, American football player
1982 – Loïc Duval, French racing driver
1983 – Bryan Habana, South African rugby player
1983 – Alexander Pipa, German rugby player
1983 – Christine Sinclair, Canadian footballer
1985 – Blake Ross, American software developer
1985 – Kendra Wilkinson, American television personality and glamour model
1985 – Sam Thaiday, Australian professional rugby league player
1985 – Chris Young, American musician
1986 – Stanislava Komarova, Russian swimmer
1986 – Sergio Rodriguez, Spanish basketball player
1986 – Carla Abellana, Filipina actress
1986 – Erik Ainge, American football player
1987 – Seyi Ajirotutu, American football player
1987 – Antonio Barragán, Spanish footballer
1987 – Abbey Lee Kershaw, Australian model
1988 – Eren Derdiyok, Swiss footballer
1990 – Kevin Wu, American comedian