today.nukz.net: Almanac June 14 :: Harriet Beecher Stowe

Harriet Beecher Stowe (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an American abolitionist and author. Her novel Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852) was a depiction of life for African-Americans under slavery; it reached millions as a novel and play, and became influential in the United States and United Kingdom. It energized anti-slavery forces in the American North, while provoking widespread anger in the South. She wrote more than 20 books, including novels, three travel memoirs, and collections of articles and letters. She was influential both for her writings and her public stands on social issues of the day.

Events

1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.
1285 – Forces led by Prince Tran Quang Khai of Vietnam's Tran Dynasty destroys most of the invading Mongol naval fleet in a battle at Chuong Duong.
1287 – Kublai Khan defeated the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.
1381 – Richard II of England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.
1645 – English Civil War: Battle of Naseby – 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
1648 – Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts colony.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.
1777 – The Stars and Stripes is adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.
1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,600 mi) journey in an open boat.
1789 – Whiskey distilled from maize is first produced by American clergyman the Rev Elijah Craig. It is named Bourbon because Rev Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
1800 – The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.
1807 – Emperor Napoleon I's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.
1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma'il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".
1830 – Beginning of the French colonization of Algeria: 34,000 French soldiers begin their invasion of Algiers, landing 27 kilometers west at Sidi Fredj.
1839 – Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley-on-Thames, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first Regatta.
1846 – Bear Flag Revolt begins – Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – a Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
1863 – Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
1872 – Trade unions are legalised in Canada.
1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory.
1900 – The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
1907 – Norway adopts female suffrage.
1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
1926 – Brazil leaves the League of Nations
1937 – Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
1937 – U.S. House of Representatives passes the Marihuana Tax Act.
1940 – World War II: Paris falls under German occupation, and Allied forces retreat.
1940 – The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence.
1940 – A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
1941 – June deportation, the first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, begins.
1944 – World War II: After several failed attempts, the British Army abandons Operation Perch, its plan to capture the German-occupied town of Caen.
1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 15th, 66th and 121st Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL was completed and they liberating the captured in Ilocos Sur start the Battle of Bessang Pass in Northern Luzon.
1947 – Roswell UFO incident A supposed UFO crash lands in Roswell, New Mexico
1951 – UNIVAC I is dedicated by the U.S. Census Bureau.
1952 – The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus.
1954 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" into the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance.
1955 – Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1959 – Disneyland Monorail System, the first daily operating monorail system in the Western Hemisphere, opens to the public in Anaheim, California.
1959 – A group of Dominican exiles depart from Cuba and land in the Dominican Republic with the intent of overthrowing the totalitarian government of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina. Save for four of them, all are killed and/or executed.
1962 – The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.
1965 – Nguyen Cao Ky became Prime Minister of South Vietnam at the head of a military junta; General Nguyen Van Thieu became the figurehead chief of state.
1966 – The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (index of prohibited books), which was originally instituted in 1557.
1967 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.
1982 – The Falklands War ends: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley unconditionally surrender to British forces.
1985 – TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.
1994 – The 1994 Stanley Cup riot occurs after the New York Rangers win the Stanley Cup from Vancouver, causing an estimated C$1.1 million, thus forcing 200 arrests and injuries. One person is also left with permanent brain damage.

Births

1444 – Nilakantha Somayaji, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1544)
1479 – Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian poet (d. 1552)
1529 – Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria (d. 1595)
1691 – Jan Francisci, Hungarian born organist and composer (d. 1758)
1726 – James Hutton, Scottish naturalist (d. 1797)
1730 – Antonio Sacchini, Italian opera composer (d. 1786)
1763 – Simon Mayr, German composer (d. 1845)
1796 – Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician (d. 1866)
1798 – František Palacký, Czech scholar and politician (d. 1876)
1801 – Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868)
1811 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American novelist and abolitionist (d. 1896)
1812 – Fernando Wood, American politician (d. 1881)
1819 – Henry J. Gardner, American politician (d. 1892)
1820 – John Bartlett, American publisher (d. 1905)
1855 – Robert La Follette, American politician (d. 1925)
1856 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922)
1864 – Alois Alzheimer, German physician (d. 1915)
1868 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1943)
1870 – Sophia of Prussia, Prussian-born consort of Constantine I of Greece (d. 1932)
1871 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946)
1872 – János Szlepecz, Slovene writer and priest (d. 1936)
1877 – Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (d. 1970)
1884 – John McCormack, Irish tenor (d. 1945)
1890 – May Allison, American actress (d. 1989)
1893 – Siggie Nordstrom, Swedish singer (The Nordstrom Sisters) (d. 1980)
1894 – Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924)
1895 – Jack Adams, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (d. 1968)
1899 – Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1972)
1903 – Alonzo Church, American mathematician and logician (d. 1995)
1904 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photojournalist (d. 1971)
1905 – Steve Broidy, American motion picture executive (d. 1991)
1905 – Arthur Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
1907 – Nicolas Bentley, British writer and illustrator (d. 1978)
1907 – Chico Landi, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1989)
1909 – Burl Ives, American musician (d. 1995)
1910 – Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976)
1913 – Joe Morris, Canadian trade unionist (d. 1996)
1914 – Pauline Moore, American actress (d. 2001)
1916 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (d. 2001)
1917 – Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 2007)
1917 – Lise Nørgaard, Danish journalist and writer
1919 – Sam Wanamaker, American actor (d. 1993)
1919 – Gene Barry, American actor (d. 2009)
1922 – Kevin Roche, Irish architect
1924 – James W. Black, British physician (d. 2010)
1925 – Pierre Salinger, American journalist; John F. Kennedy's Press Secretary (d. 2004)
1926 – Hermann Kant, German author
1926 – Don Newcombe, American baseball player
1928 – Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Argentine Cuban revolution figure (d. 1967)
1929 – Cy Coleman, American composer (d. 2004)
1929 – Johnny Wilson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
1931 – Junior Walker, American saxophonist and singer (Jr. Walker & the All Stars) (d. 1995)
1931 – Marla Gibbs, American actress
1932 – Joe Arpaio, American law enforcement officer
1933 – Jerzy Kosinski, Polish-born American novelist (d. 1991)
1933 – Vladislav Rastorotsky, Soviet gymnastics coach
1936 – Renaldo "Obie" Benson, American singer (The Four Tops) (d. 2005)
1936 – Irmelin Sandman Lilius, Finnish writer
1937 – Jørgen Leth, Danish film director
1939 – Steny Hoyer, American politician
1940 – Jack Bannon, American actor
1942 – Andy Irvine, British folk musician, founding member of Planxty
1943 – Barry Burman, English figurative artist (d. 2001)
1943 – John Miles, British racing driver
1943 – Spooner Oldham, American musician
1943 – Harold Wheeler, American composer
1944 – Laurie Colwin, American author (d. 1992)
1944 – Joe Grifasi, American actor
1945 – Rod Argent, English musician (The Zombies, Argent)
1945 – Marilyn Schreffler, American voice actor (d. 1988)
1946 – Donald Trump, American businessman and entrepreneur
1947 – Barry Melton, American guitarist (Country Joe and the Fish)
1947 – Hiroshi Miyauchi, Japanese actor
1948 – Laurence Yep, American author
1949 – Jim Lea, British musician (Slade)
1949 – Harry Turtledove, American novelist
1949 – Alan White, British drummer (Yes)
1950 – Rowan Williams, Welsh Archbishop of Canterbury
1951 – Paul Boateng, British politician
1952 – Pat Summitt, American basketball coach
1952 – Leon Wieseltier, American writer
1953 – Janet Mackey, New Zealand politician
1953 – David Thomas, American singer, songwriter, and musician (Rocket from the Tombs, Pere Ubu)
1954 – Will Patton, American actor
1955 – Michael D. Duvall, American state politician
1955 – Paul O'Grady, British comedian and television presenter
1956 – King Diamond, Danish singer (King Diamond, Mercyful Fate)
1956 – Fred Funk, American golfer
1956 – Gianna Nannini, Italian singer
1956 – Sam Irvin, American director and producer
1957 – Maxi Jazz, British rapper (Faithless) and racing driver
1957 – Suzanne Nora Johnson, American corporate executive
1958 – Eric Heiden, American speed skater
1959 – Marcus Miller, American jazz bassist and clarinetist
1960 – Mike Laga, American baseball player
1961 – Boy George, British singer (Culture Club)
1961 – Koja, Serbian musician (Šarlo aktobata, Disciplina kicme)
1961 – Sam Perkins, American basketball player
1964 – Peter Gilliver, English lexicographer
1966 – Matt Freeman, American musician
1966 – Traylor Howard, American actress
1967 – Dedrick Dodge, American football player
1968 – Yasmine Bleeth, American actress
1968 – Campbell Brown, American journalist
1968 – Faizon Love, American actor
1968 – Eric Murdock, American basketball player
1968 – Moses Scurry, American basketball player
1969 – Éric Desjardins, Canadian hockey player
1969 – Michael Gerber, American parodist
1969 – Steffi Graf, German tennis player
1969 – Kyle Hebert, American voice actor
1969 – MC Ren, American rapper
1971 – Bruce Bowen, American basketball player
1971 – Ramon Vega, Swiss footballer
1972 – Matthias Ettrich, German computer scientist (KDE)
1972 – Rick Brunson, American basketball player
1972 – Michael Cade, American actor
1972 – Shaun Keaveny, British radio DJ
1973 – Sami Kapanen, Finnish hockey player
1973 – Svetlana Ražnatovic, Serbian singer
1974 – Jang Jin-young, South Korean actress (d. 2009)
1974 – Joshua Radin, American songwriter
1974 – Phillip Rhys, British actor
1975 – Ryuji Miki, Japanese racing driver
1975 – Bob Nanna, American musician (Braid, Hey Mercedes, The City on Film)
1975 – Chris Onstad, American cartoonist
1976 – Alan Carr, British stand-up comedian and TV presenter
1976 – Massimo Oddo, Italian footballer
1977 – Chris McAlister, American football player
1977 – Massimiliano Neri, Italian supermodel
1978 – Steve Bégin, French-Canadian hockey player
1978 – Diablo Cody, American screenwriter
1978 – Annia Hatch, Cuban-American gymnast
1981 – Lonneke Engel, Dutch model
1981 – Chauncey Leopardi, American actor
1982 – Jamie Green, British racing driver
1982 – Lang Lang, Chinese pianist
1983 – Hirofumi Araki, Japanese actor
1983 – Louis Garrel, French actor
1983 – J.R. Martinez, American actor and soldier
1983 – John Stocco, American football player
1984 – Siobhán Donaghy, British singer (Sugababes)
1984 – Lorenzo Booker, American football player
1984 – Yury Prilukov, Russian swimmer
1985 – Andy Soucek, Spanish racing driver
1986 – Jonathan Clare, English cricketer
1986 – Matt Read, Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Andrew Cogliano, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 – Kevin McHale, American singer and actor
1989 – Lucy Hale, American actress
1989 – Courtney Halverson, American actress
1991 – Kostas Manolas, Greek footballer
1992 – Daryl Sabara, American actor

Deaths

1161 – Emperor Qinzong of China (b. 1100)
1381 – Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (birth year unknown)
1497 – Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Gandia (b. 1474)
1544 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489)
1548 – Carpentras, French composer (b. c. 1470)
1594 – Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (b. c. 1532)
1662 – Henry Vane the Younger, English Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and English Commonwealth Parliamentary leader (b. 1613)
1674 – Marin le Roy de Gomberville, French writer (b. 1600)
1703 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625)
1794 – Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Viceroy of Ireland (b. 1718)
1800 – Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (b. 1768)
1800 – Jean-Baptiste Kleber, French general (b. 1753)
1801 – Benedict Arnold, general and traitor in the American Revolution.
1825 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French architect (b. 1754)
1837 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)
1883 – Edward FitzGerald, English poet (b. 1809)
1886 – Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (b. 1823)
1907 – William Le Baron Jenny, American engineer and architect (b. 1832)
1908 – Frederick Arthur Stanley, British Governor general of Canada (b. 1841)
1914 – Adlai Stevenson I, American politician, 23rd U.S. Vice President (b. 1835)
1916 – João Simões Lopes Neto, Brazilian writer (b. 1865)
1920 – Max Weber, German sociologist (b. 1864)
1926 – Mary Cassatt, American artist (b. 1843)
1927 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (b. 1894)
1927 – Jerome K. Jerome, British author (b. 1859)
1928 – Emmeline Pankhurst, British feminist (b. 1857)
1932 – Dorimène Roy Desjardins, Canadian business pioneer (b. 1858)
1936 – G. K. Chesterton, English writer (b. 1874)
1936 – Hans Poelzig, German architect (b. 1869)
1946 – John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (b. 1888)
1967 – Eddie Eagan, American sportsman (b. 1897)
1968 – Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer, Nobel Laureate (b. 1901)
1975 – Pablo Antonio, Filipino modernist architect (b. 1902)
1977 – Robert Middleton, American actor (b. 1911)
1979 – Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer and composer (b. 1946)
1986 – Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (b. 1899)
1986 – Alan Jay Lerner, American composer (b. 1918)
1990 – Erna Berger, German soprano (b. 1900)
1991 – Dame Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (b. 1907)
1994 – Henry Mancini, American composer (b. 1924)
1994 – Marcel Mouloudji, French singer and actor (b. 1922)
1995 – Rory Gallagher, Irish guitarist (b. 1949)
1995 – Roger Zelazny, American fantasy and science fiction writer (b. 1937)
1997 – Richard Jaeckel, American actor (b. 1926)
1999 – Bernie Faloney, American professional football player (b. 1932)
2000 – Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and writer (b. 1911)
2002 – June Jordan, American writer and teacher (b. 1936)
2003 – Dale Whittington, American racing driver (b. 1959)
2004 – Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (b. 1900)
2004 – Eamonn McGirr, Irish-born singer and entertainer
2005 – Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor (b. 1914)
2005 – Mimi Parent, Canadian painter (b. 1924)
2006 – Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (b. 1930)
2006 – Monty Berman, British film and television producer (b. 1905)
2007 – Ruth Graham, China-born wife of Billy Graham (b. 1920)
2007 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (b. 1922)
2007 – Kurt Waldheim, Austrian politician and statesman (b. 1918)
2008 – Jamelão, Brazilian samba singer (b. 1913)
2008 – Esbjörn Svensson, Swedish jazz pianist (b. 1964)
2009 – Bob Bogle, American bassist and guitarist (The Ventures) (b. 1934)
2009 – Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1940)