today.nukz.net: Almanac June 30

Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (June 30, 1917 – May 9, 2010) was an American singer, actress, civil rights activist and dancer.

Horne joined the chorus of the Cotton Club at the age of sixteen and became a nightclub performer before moving to Hollywood, where she had small parts in numerous movies, and more substantial parts in the films Cabin in the Sky and Stormy Weather. Due to the Red Scare and her left-leaning political views, Horne found herself blacklisted and unable to get work in Hollywood.

Events

350 – Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome.
1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan.
1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
1559 – King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel de Montgomery.
1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising – the Battle of Beresteczko ends with a Polish victory.
1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William (continuing the English rebellion from Rome), which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
1758 – Seven Years' War: The Battle of Domstadtl takes place.
1794 – Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
1805 – The U.S. Congress organizes the Michigan Territory.
1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
1860 – The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
1864 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
1886 – The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
1905 – Albert Einstein publishes the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity.
1906 – The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
1908 – The Tunguska event occurs in remote Siberia.
1912 – The Regina Cyclone hits Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28. It remains Canada's deadliest tornado event.
1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft Chief Justice of the United States.
1922 – In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes-Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.
1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
1935 – The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its first congress.
1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy's invasion of his country.
1937 – The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
1953 – The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
1956 – A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona, United States, killing all 128 on board the two planes.
1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
1960 – Congo gains independence from Belgium.
1963 – Ciaculli massacre: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
1966 – The National Organization for Women, the United States' largest feminist organization, is founded.
1968 – Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.
1969 – Nigeria bans Red Cross aid to Biafra.
1971 – The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
1971 – Ohio ratifies the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, reducing the voting age to 18, thereby putting the amendment into effect.
1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
1977 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.
1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
1986 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bowers v. Hardwick that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
1987 – The Royal Canadian Mint introduces the $1 coin, known as the Loonie.
1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
1991 – 32 miners are killed when a coal mine catches fire in the Donbass region of Ukraine and releases toxic gas.
1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
2009 – Yemenia Flight 626 crashes into the Indian Ocean, near Comoros, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew on board.

Births

1286 – John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, English nobleman (d. 1347)
1470 – King Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
1503 – John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
1588 – Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian composer, organist and teacher (d. 1649)
1641 – Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (d. 1719)
1685 – John Gay, British writer (d. 1732)
1755 – Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (d. 1829)
1789 – Horace Vernet, French painter and graphic artist (d. 1863)
1803 – Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet (d. 1849)
1807 – Friedrich Theodor von Vischer, German narrator, lyricist and philosopher (d.1887)
1817 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist (d. 1911)
1823 – Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, Indian industrialist (d. 1901)
1843 – Ernest Mason Satow, British diplomat (d. 1929)
1864 – Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect, illustrator, archaeologist and psychical researcher (d. 1945)
1884 – Georges Duhamel, French author (d. 1966)
1891 – Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
1891 – Ed "Strangler" Lewis, American professional wrestler (d. 1966)
1892 – Oswald Pohl, German Nazi leader (d. 1951)
1892 – Bo Carter, American blues musician (d. 1962)
1893 – Walter Ulbricht, German Communist leader (d. 1973)
1899 – Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)
1899 – Harry Shields, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1971)
1906 – Ralph Allen, English footballer (d. 1981)
1906 – Anthony Mann, American film actor and director (d. 1967)
1907 – Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian politician (d. 1950)
1908 – Winston Graham, British writer (d. 2003)
1911 – Czeslaw Milosz, Polish poet and writer, Nobel laureate (d. 2004)
1912 – Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (d. 2003)
1912 – Dan Reeves, American sports team owner (d. 1971)
1913 – Harry Wismer, American sports team owner (d. 1967)
1913 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian politician (d. 2007)
1914 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese politician (d. 2001)
1917 – Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
1917 – Lena Horne, American singer and actress (d. 2010)
1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)
1925 – Fred Schaus, American basketball coach and executive (d. 2010)
1926 – Paul Berg, American biochemist, Nobel laureate
1929 – James Goldman, American screenwriter (d. 1998)
1929 – Hans Krondahl, Swedish painter and textile designer
1930 – Thomas Sowell, American economist
1931 – Bert Eriksson, Flemish neo-Nazi (d. 2005)
1931 – Andrew Hill, American jazz pianist (d. 2007)
1933 – Lea Massari, Italian actress
1933 – M. J. K. Smith, English cricketer
1933 – Orval Tessier, Canadian ice hockey player
1934 – Harry Blackstone Jr., American stage magician (d. 1997)
1935 – John Harlin, American mountaineer (d. 1966)
1936 – Assia Djebar, Algerian writer and filmmaker
1936 – Nancy Dussault, American actress
1936 – Tony Musante, American actor
1936 – Dave Van Ronk, American folk singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
1938 – Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (d. 1999)
1939 – José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet
1940 – Mark Spoelstra, American folk singer (d. 2007)
1941 – Peter Pollock, South African cricket player
1942 – Robert Ballard, American oceanographer
1942 – Ron Harris, Canadian ice hockey player
1943 – Saeed Akhtar Mirza, Indian Film Director
1943 – Florence Ballard, American singer (The Supremes) (d. 1976)
1943 – Ahmed Sofa, Bangladeshi writer (d. 2001)
1944 – Terry Funk, American professional wrestler
1944 – Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
1944 – Glenn Shorrock, Australian singer-songwriter (Little River Band)
1944 – Ron Swoboda, American baseball player
1947 – Barry Bremen, American sports imposter
1949 – Uwe Kliemann, German footballer
1949 – Andy Scott, British guitarist and singer (Sweet)
1950 – Leonard Whiting, British actor
1951 – Stanley Clarke, American jazz bass and double bass player (Return to Forever)
1952 – David Garrison, American Broadway and TV actor
1952 – Athanassios S. Fokas, Greek mathematician
1953 – Hal Lindes, American-born British guitarist (Dire Straits)
1953 – Lin Feng-Jiao, Taiwanese actress
1954 – Pierre Charles, Dominican politician (d. 2004)
1954 – Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia
1955 – David Alan Grier, American actor and comedian
1957 – Bud Black, Americab baseball player
1957 – Sterling Marlin, American racing driver
1957 – Rich Vos, stand-up comedian
1958 – Lina Nikolakopoulou, Greek lyricist
1958 – Wilhelm Reisinger, German footballer
1958 – Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
1959 – Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
1959 – Brendan Perry, British multi-instrumentalist (Dead Can Dance)
1959 – Sakis Tsiolis, Greek footballer and manager
1960 – Murray Cook, Australian singer (The Wiggles)
1962 – Tony Fernández, Dominican baseball player
1962 – Deirdre Lovejoy, American actress (The Wire)
1962 – Julianne Regan, British singer and guitarist (All About Eve)
1963 – Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist
1964 – Alexandra Christina Manley, Hong Kong-born ex-wife of Prince Joachim of Denmark
1964 – Mark Waters, American film director
1965 – Mitch Richmond, American basketball player
1965 – Steve Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player
1965 – Anna Levandi, Russian figure skater
1965 – Gary Pallister, English footballer
1966 – Mike Tyson, American boxer
1966 – Marton Csokas, New Zealand actor
1966 – Cheryl Bernard, Canadian curler
1966 – Wendy Davis, American actress
1967 – David Busst, English former footballer
1968 – Phil Anselmo, American singer (Pantera)
1969 – Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer
1970 – Brian Bloom, American actor
1970 – Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer
1970 – Mark Grudzielanek, American baseball player
1971 – Anette Michel, Mexican actress
1971 – Monica Potter, American actress
1972 – Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer
1972 – James Martin, English celebrity chef
1973 – Chan-ho Park, South Korean baseball player
1973 – Frank Rost, German footballer
1973 – Noam Zylberman, Israeli-born Canadian actor
1974 – Tony Rock, American actor and stand-up comedian
1975 – Ralf Schumacher, German Formula One driver
1975 – Rami Shaaban, Swedish footballer
1975 – James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer
1977 – Justo Villar, Paraguayan footballer
1977 – Mark Van Gisbergen, New Zealand/English rugby player
1978 – Ben Cousins, Australian football player
1978 – Claudio Rivalta, Italian footballer
1979 – Matisyahu, American reggae singer
1979 – Sylvain Chavanel, French cyclist
1979 – Rick Gonzalez, American actor
1979 – Faisal Shahzad, Pakistani/American terrorist
1980 – Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
1980 – Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
1981 – Can Artam, Turkish racing driver
1981 – Matt Kirk, Canadian football player
1981 – Karolina Sadalska, Polish kayaker
1981 – Ben Utecht, American football player
1982 – Andy Knowles, British drummer (Franz Ferdinand)
1982 – Mitch Maier, American baseball player
1982 – Delwyn Young, American baseball player
1982 – Lizzy Caplan, American actress
1983 – Brendon James, British drummer (Thirteen Senses)
1983 – Marlin Jackson, American football player
1983 – Patrick Wolf, English singer-songwriter
1983 – Cheryl Cole, British singer (Girls Aloud)
1983 – Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist
1984 – Miles Austin, American football player
1984 – Fantasia Barrino, American singer
1984 – Gabriel Badilla, Costa Rican footballer
1985 – Trevor Ariza, American basketball player
1985 – Rafal Blechacz, Polish pianist
1985 – Michael Phelps, American swimmer
1985 – Fabiana Vallejos, Argentine footballer
1985 – Cody Rhodes, American wrestler
1986 – Alicia Fox, American wrestler and model
1986 – Allegra Versace, Italian heiress
1986 – Nicola Pozzi, Italian footballer
1986 – Fredy Guarín, Colombian footballer
1989 – Steffen Liebig, German rugby player
1989 – Miguel Vítor, Portuguese footballer
1989 – David Myers, Australian footballer
1991 – Kaho, Japanese actress

Deaths

350 – Nepotianus, Roman usurper
1181 – Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester, English politician (b. 1147)
1224 – Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185)
1364 – Arnošt of Pardubice, Polish-born Archbishop of Prague (b. 1297)
1538 – Charles, Duke of Guelders, Dutch nobleman (b. 1467)
1579 – Mehmed Pasha Sokolovic, Turkish Janissary (b. 1506)
1607 – Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)
1660 – William Oughtred, English mathematician (b. 1575)
1666 – Alexander Brome, English poet (b. 1620)
1670 – Henrietta Anne of England, daughter of King Charles I of England (b. 1644)
1704 – John Quelch, English pirate (b. 1665)
1709 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
1785 – James Oglethorpe, English general and founder of the U.S. state of Georgia (b. 1696)
1796 – Abraham Yates, American Congressman (b. 1724)
1857 – Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (b. 1802)
1882 – Charles J. Guiteau, American assassin of President James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
1882 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
1890 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American composer (b. 1819)
1917 – Antonio de La Gandara, French painter (b. 1861)
1919 – John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1842)
1932 – Bruno Kastner, German actor (b. 1890)
1934 – Kurt von Schleicher, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
1934 – Gregor Strasser, former German Nazi politician (b. 1892)
1934 – Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Prime Minister of Bavaria (b. 1862)
1934 – Karl Ernst, German Sturmabteilung-gruppenführer (b. 1904)
1934 – Erich Klausener, German politician (b. 1885)
1941 – Yefim Fomin, Soviet political commissar (b. 1909)
1953 – Charles William Miller, Brazilian sportsman, the "father of football in Brazil" (b. 1874)
1956 – Thorleif Lund, Norwegian actor (b. 1880)
1959 – José Vasconcelos, Mexican writer and politician (b. 1882)
1961 – Lee DeForest, American inventor (b. 1873)
1966 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian Formula One driver, the winner of the first Formula One championship (b. 1906)
1971 – Herbert Biberman, American screenwriter and film director (b. 1900)
1971 – Viktor Patsayev Soviet astronaut (b. 1933)
1971 – Georgi Dobrovolski Soviet astronaut (b. 1928)
1971 – Vladislav Volkov Soviet astronaut (b. 1935)
1971 – Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938)
1971 – Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943)
1973 – Blessed Vasyl Velychkovsky C.Ss.R, Ukrainian-born Canadian Greek-Catholic bishop and martyr (b. 1903)
1974 – Vannevar Bush, American engineer and politician (b. 1890)
1976 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball player (b. 1898)
1984 – Lillian Hellman, American playwright (b. 1905)
1985 – Haruo Remeliik, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)
1993 – George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (b. 1928)
1993 – Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer (b. 1962)
1995 – Gale Gordon, American actor (b. 1906)
1995 – Georgi Beregovoi, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1921)
1995 – Phyllis Hyman, American jazz vocalist (b. 1949)
1996 – Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1932)
1997 – Larry O'Dea, Australian professional wrestler (b. 1944)
2001 – Chet Atkins, American country guitar player and producer (b. 1924)
2001 – Joe Henderson, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1937)
2002 – Chico Xavier, Brazilian spiritist medium (b. 1910)
2003 – Buddy Hackett, American comedian (b. 1924)
2003 – Robert McCloskey, American children's book writer and illustrator (b. 1915)
2004 – Jamal Abro, Pakistani writer (b. 1924)
2005 – Clancy Eccles, Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
2006 – Robert Gernhardt, German satirist (b. 1937)
2007 – Sahib Singh Verma, Indian politician and Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
2009 – Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940)
2009 – Robert DePugh, American anti-Communist activist (b. 1923)
2010 – Park Yong-ha, Korean actor and singer (b. 1977)
2011 – Barry Bremen, American sports imposter and business man (b. 1947)