today.nukz.net: Almanac June 8

Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, OM, KBE, FRS, FREng, FRSA (born 8 June 1955), also known as "TimBL", is an English computer scientist, MIT professor and the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989 and on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau and a young student at CERN, he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet.

Events

68 – The Roman Senate proclaims Galba as emperor.
218 – Battle of Antioch: Elagabalus defeats with support of the Syrian legions the forces of emperor Macrinus. He flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia.
793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of the Scandinavian invasion of England.
1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre (Palestine) thus beginning his crusade.
1405 – Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, are executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
1690 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat, razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Trois-Rivières – American attackers are driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec.
1783 – The volcano Laki, in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.
1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the House of Representatives; by 1791, ten of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights; another is eventually ratified in 1992 to become the 27th Amendment.
1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.
1856 – A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.
1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys – Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.
1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,791 for the 'Art of Applying Statistics' – his punched card calculator.
1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporates Universal Pictures.
1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beiping ("Northern peace").
1941 – World War II: Allies invade Syria and Lebanon.
1942 – World War II: Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
1948 – Milton Berle hosts the debut of Texaco Star Theater.
1949 – Celebrities Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.
1949 – George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is published.
1950 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Australian-born Field Marshal in Australian history.
1953 – Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence: A tornado hits Flint, Michigan, and kills 115.
1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules that Washington, D.C. restaurants could not refuse to serve black patrons.
1959 – The USS Barbero and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.
1966 – An F-104 Starfighter collides with XB-70 Valkyrie prototype no. 2 destroying both planes during a photo shoot near Edwards Air Force Base. NASA pilot Joseph A. Walker and United States Air Force test pilot Carl Cross are both killed.
1966 – Topeka, Kansas is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita Scale: the first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.
1967 – Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident occurs, killing 34 and wounding 171.
1967 – Six-Day War: The Israeli army enters Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs.
1968 – Robert F. Kennedy's funeral takes place at the Basilica of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York City.
1972 – Vietnam War: Associated Press photographer Nick Ut takes his Pulitzer Prize-winning photo of a naked 9-year-old Phan Th? Kim Phúc running down a road after being burned by napalm.
1982 – Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: 56 British servicemen are killed by Argentine air attack on two landing ships : RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.
1984 – Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australian state of New South Wales.
1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987
1992 – The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1995 – Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.
2004 – The first Venus Transit in modern history takes place, the previous one being in 1882.
2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of trade ship, the MV Pasha Bulker.
2008 – The Akihabara massacre takes place in the Akihabara shopping quarter in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Tomohiro Kato drives a two-ton truck into a crowd before leaving the truck and attacking people with a knife.

Births

1552 – Gabriello Chiabrera,Italian poet (d.1638)
1625 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian scientist and astronomer (d. 1712)
1671 – Tomaso Albinoni, Italian composer (d. 1751)
1717 – John Collins, American politician (d. 1795)
1724 – John Smeaton, English civil engineer (d. 1794)
1745 – Caspar Wessel, Danish mathematician (d. 1818)
1757 – Cardinal Ercole Consalvi, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1824)
1810 – Robert Schumann, German composer (d. 1856)
1831 – Thomas J. Higgins, decorated Union Army soldier (d. 1917)
1842 – John Q. A. Brackett, 36th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1918)
1847 – Ida McKinley, First Lady of the United States (d. 1907)
1851 – Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, French physicist (d. 1940)
1854 – Douglas Colin Cameron, Canadian politician (d. 1921)
1855 – George Charles Haité, English designer, painter and illustrator (d.1924)
1859 – Smith Wigglesworth, British religious figure (d. 1947)
1860 – Alicia Boole Stott, Irish mathematician (d. 1940)
1867 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (d. 1959)
1872 – Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter (d. 1949)
1876 – Alexandre Tuffère, French-Greek athlete (d. 1958)
1885 – Karl Genzken, Nazi physician (d. 1957)
1895 – Santiago Bernabeu Yeste, Real Madrid football player (d. 1978)
1897 – John G. Bennett, British scientist and author (d. 1974)
1901 – Lena Baker, American murderer (d. 1945)
1903 – Ralph Yarborough, U.S. Senator from Texas (d. 1996)
1903 – Marguerite Yourcenar, French author (d. 1987)
1910 – John W. Campbell, American publisher and editor (d. 1971)
1910 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (d. 2003)
1911 – Edmundo Rivero, Argentine singer (d. 1986)
1912 – Harry Holtzman, American abstract artist (d. 1987)
1912 – Maurice Bellemare, Canadian politician (d. 1989)
1916 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist; Nobel laureate (d. 2004)
1916 – Luigi Comencini, Italian film director (d. 2007)
1917 – Byron "Whizzer" White, American football player and Supreme Court Justice (d. 2002)
1918 – Robert Preston, American actor (d. 1987)
1918 – John D. Roberts, American chemist
1920 – Gwen Harwood, Australian poet (d. 1995)
1921 – LeRoy Neiman, American painter
1921 – Alexis Smith, Canadian actress (d. 1993)
1921 – Suharto, President of Indonesia (d. 2008)
1923 – Malcolm Boyd, American Episcopal Priest and author
1924 – Lyn Nofziger, American political operative (d. 2006)
1925 – Barbara Bush, First Lady of the United States
1925 – Eddie Gaedel, American baseball player (d. 1961)
1925 – Del Ennis, baseball player (d. 1996)
1927 – Jerry Stiller, American comedian and actor
1930 – Robert Aumann, German-born Israeli mathematician; Nobel laureate
1930 – Marcel Léger, Quebec politician (d. 1993)
1931 – Dana Wynter, German-born American actress (d. 2011)
1933 – Rommie Loudd, former American football player, coach, and executive (d. 1998)
1933 – Joan Rivers, American comedian and author
1934 – Millicent Martin, English singer and actress
1936 – James Darren, American actor and singer
1936 – Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist, Nobel laureate
1939 – Bernie Casey, American football player and actor
1940 – Nancy Sinatra, American singer
1940 – Jim Wickwire, American mountaineer
1940 – Arthur Elgort, American fashion photographer
1941 – Robert Bradford, Northern Irish politician (d. 1981)
1941 – Fuzzy Haskins, American musician (P Funk)
1942 – Nikos Konstantopoulos, Greek politician
1942 – Doug Mountjoy, Welsh snooker player
1942 – Chuck Negron, American singer (Three Dog Night)
1943 – Colin Baker, British actor
1943 – William Calley, American war criminal
1943 – Willie Davenport, American athlete (d. 2002)
1943 – Peter Eggert, German footballer
1944 – Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)
1944 – Annie Haslam, English painter and singer (Renaissance)
1944 – Marc Ouellet, Archbishop of Quebec City
1944 – Boz Scaggs, American singer and songwriter
1946 – Alan Scarfe, British-born Canadian actor
1947 – Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1947 – Sara Paretsky, American author
1949 – Emanuel Ax, Polish-born pianist
1949 – Jeffrey Mylett, American actor (d. 1986)
1950 – Kathy Baker, American actress
1950 – Sonia Braga, Brazilian actress
1951 – Bonnie Tyler, Welsh country, pop and rock singer
1951 – Tony Rice, American acoustic guitarist
1953 – Olav Stedje, Norwegian singer-songwriter
1953 – Ad Tak, Dutch cyclist
1953 – Jani Kovacic, Slovenian singer-songwriter
1954 – Sergei Storchak, Russian deputy finance minister
1954 – Marios Tokas, Greek-Cypriot composer (d. 2008)
1954 – Greg Ginn, American guitarist (Black Flag)
1955 – Tim Berners-Lee, English internet developer
1955 – Griffin Dunne, American actor
1956 – Udo Bullmann, German politician
1957 – Scott Adams, American cartoonist
1957 – Dimple Kapadia, Indian actress
1957 – Don Robinson, American baseball player
1958 – Keenen Ivory Wayans, American actor and director
1960 – Mick Hucknall, English singer and songwriter (Simply Red)
1960 – Thomas Steen, Swedish hockey player
1962 – John Gibbons, American baseball player
1962 – Andreas Keim, German footballer
1962 – Nick Rhodes, English musician (Duran Duran)
1962 – Kristine W, American musician
1963 – Keti Garbi, Greek singer
1963 – Frank Grillo, American actor
1964 – Butch Reynolds, American former 400m runner
1965 – Chris Chavis, American professional wrestler
1965 – Kevin Farley, American actor
1965 – Rob Pilatus, German-American singer and dancer (d. 1998)
1966 – Julianna Margulies, American actress
1966 – Doris Pearson, singer (Five Star)
1968 – Rob Ray, Canadian hockey player
1969 – J.P. Manoux, American actor
1969 – Marcos Siega, American director
1969 – David Sutcliffe, Canadian actor
1970 – Gabrielle Giffords, American politician
1970 – Seu Jorge, Brazilian musician and actor
1970 – Kwame Kilpatrick, former mayor of Detroit, Michigan
1970 – Teresa Strasser, American writer and television personality
1970 – Troy Vincent, American footballer
1970 – Kelli Williams, American actress
1971 – Mark Feuerstein, American actor
1972 – Troy Duffy, American director (The Boondock Saints)
1972 – Christian Mayrleb, Austrian footballer
1973 – Lexa Doig, Canadian actress
1973 – Bryant Reeves, American basketball player
1973 – Lucija Šerbedžija, Croatian actress
1975 – Bryan McCabe, Canadian hockey player
1975 – Shilpa Shetty, Indian actress
1976 – Lindsay Davenport, American tennis player
1976 – Trish Goff, American model
1976 – Kenji Johjima, Japanese baseball player
1977 – Kanye West, American rapper
1978 – Eun Ji Won, South Korean rapper (Sechs Kies)
1978 – Maria Menounos, American actress and television host
1979 – Pete Orr, Canadian baseball player
1979 – Derek Trucks, American guitarist
1979 – Adine Wilson, New Zealand netball player
1981 – Alex Band, American singer (The Calling)
1981 – Matteo Meneghello, Italian racing driver
1981 – Ai Nonaka, Japanese voice actor
1981 – Sara Watkins, American fiddler
1981 – Jess Weixler, American actress
1982 – Matteo Barbini, Italian rugby player
1982 – Michael Cammalleri, Canadian hockey player
1982 – Dickson Etuhu, Nigerian footballer
1982 – Irina Lazareanu, Romanian/Canadian model
1982 – Nadia Petrova, Russian tennis player
1983 – Kim Clijsters, Belgian tennis player
1983 – Lee Harding, Australian punk rock singer
1983 – Pantelis Kapetanos, Greek footballer
1983 – Mamoru Miyano, Japanese voice actor
1984 – Andrea Casiraghi, Monagasque royalty
1984 – Javier Mascherano, Argentine footballer
1985 – Alexandre Despatie, Canadian diver
1986 – Patrick Kaleta, American hockey player
1987 – Coralie Balmy, French swimmer
1987 – Issiar Dia, Senegalese footballer
1989 – Christina Broccolini, Canadian TV presenter

Deaths

632 – Muhammad, Prophet of Islam (b. 570)
1042 – Harthacanute, King of Denmark and England (b. 1018)
1376 – Edward of Woodstock, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England (b. 1330)
1383 – Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros, English Crusader (b. 1338)
1384 – Kanami, Japanese actor (b. 1333)
1476 – George Neville, English archbishop and statesman (b. 1432)
1505 – Hongzhi, Emperor of China (b. 1470)
1611 – Jean Bertaut, French poet (b. 1552)
1612 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer (b. 1562)
1621 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint (b. 1567)
1628 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (b. 1547)
1714 – Sophia of Hanover, heir to the throne of Great Britain (b. 1630)
1716 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (b. 1658)
1727 – August Hermann Francke, German Protestant minister (b. 1663)
1768 – Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German scholar and archaeologist (b. 1717)
1771 – George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman (b. 1716)
1795 – King Louis XVII of France (b. 1785)
1809 – Thomas Paine, American revolutionary and writer (b. 1737)
1835 – Gian Domenico Romagnosi, Italian physicist (b. 1761)
1845 – Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States (b. 1767)
1857 – Douglas William Jerrold, British playwright and satirist (b. 1803)
1874 – Cochise, Apache leader
1876 – George Sand, French author (b. 1804)
1885 – Ignace Bourget, Bishop of Montreal (b. 1799)
1889 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English Poet(b. 1844)
1924 – Andrew Irvine, English mountain climber (b. 1902)
1924 – George Leigh Mallory, English mountain climber (b. 1886)
1929 – Bliss Carman, Canadian poet (b. 1861)
1945 – Karl Hanke, Nazi official (b. 1903)
1951 – Eugène Fiset, Canadian military officer and politician (b. 1874)
1956 – Marie Laurencin, French painter (b. 1883)
1965 – Edmondo Rossoni, Italian fascist (b. 1884)
1966 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (b. 1890)
1969 – Robert Taylor, American actor (b. 1911)
1970 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (b. 1908)
1972 – Jimmy Rushing, American blues singer (b. 1901)
1980 – Ernst Busch, German singer and actor (b. 1900)
1982 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (b. 1906)
1984 – Gordon Jacob, English composer (b. 1895)
1987 – Alexander Iolas, Greek gallerist and collector (b. 1907)
1993 – Root Boy Slim, American entertainer (b. 1945)
1997 – George Turner, Australian author (b. 1916)
1997 – Karen Wetterhahn, American chemist at Dartmouth College (b. 1948)
1998 – Sani Abacha, President of Nigeria (b. 1943)
1998 – Maria Reiche, German-born mathematician and archaeologist (b. 1903)
2000 – Jeff MacNelly, American political cartoonist (b. 1948)
2003 – Leighton Rees, Welsh darts player (b. 1940)
2004 – Mack Jones, American baseball player (b. 1938)
2006 – Robert Donner, American actor (b. 1931)
2006 – Abouna Matta El Meskeen, Coptic Orthodox monk (b. 1919)
2007 – Kenny Olsson, Swedish speedway racer (b. 1977)
2007 – Richard Rorty, American postanalytic, pragmatic philosopher (b. 1931)
2008 – Šaban Bajramovic, Serbian Romani musician (b. 1936)
2009 – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (b. 1935)
2009 – Johnny Palermo, American actor (b. 1982)
2010 – Andreas Voutsinas, Greek actor and theater director (b. 1932)