today.nukz.net: Almanac August 10

Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender (August 10, 1909 – March 21, 1991) was an American inventor who founded Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company, or "Fender" for short. He left the company in the late 1960s, and later founded two other musical instrument companies, MusicMan and G&L Musical Instruments.

The guitars, bass guitars, and amplifiers he designed from the 1940s on are still relevant: the Fender Telecaster (1950) was the first mass-produced electric guitar; the Fender Stratocaster (1954) is among the world's most iconic electric guitars; the Fender Precision Bass (1951) set the standard for electric bass guitars; and the Fender Bassman amplifier, popular enough in its own right, became the basis for later amplifiers (notably by Marshall and Mesa Boogie) that dominated rock and roll music.

Events

955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West.
991 – Battle of Maldon: the English, led by Byrhtnoth, Ealdorman of Essex, are defeated by a band of inland-raiding Vikings near Maldon in Essex.
1270 – Yekuno Amlak takes the imperial throne of Ethiopia, restoring the Solomonic dynasty to power after a 100-year Zagwe interregnum.
1316 – The Second Battle of Athenry takes place near Athenry during the Bruce campaign in Ireland.
1512 – The naval Battle of Saint-Mathieu, during the War of the League of Cambrai, saw the simultaneous destruction of the Breton ship La Cordelière and the English ship The Regent.
1519 – Ferdinand Magellan's five ships set sail from Seville to circumnavigate the globe. The Basque second in command Sebastian Elcano will complete the expedition after Magellan's death in the Philippines.
1557 – Battle of St. Quentin: Spanish victory over the French in the Habsburg-Valois Wars.
1628 – The Swedish warship Vasa sinks in the Stockholm harbour after only about 20 minutes of her maiden voyage.
1675 – The foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London is laid.
1680 – The Pueblo Revolt begins in New Mexico.
1755 – Under the orders of Charles Lawrence, the British Army begins to forcibly deport the Acadians from Nova Scotia to the Thirteen Colonies.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: word of the United States Declaration of Independence reaches London.
1792 – French Revolution: Storming of the Tuileries Palace – Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody as his Swiss Guards are massacred by the Parisian mob.
1793 – The Musée du Louvre is officially opened in Paris, France.
1809 – Quito, now the capital of Ecuador, declares independence from Spain. This rebellion will be crushed on August 2, 1810.
1813 – Instituto Nacional, is founded by the Chilean patriot José Miguel Carrera. It is Chile's oldest and most prestigious school. Its motto is Labor Omnia Vincit, which means "Work conquers all things".
1821 – Missouri is admitted as the 24th U.S. state.
1846 – The Smithsonian Institution is chartered by the United States Congress after James Smithson donates $500,000.
1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Wilson's Creek – the war enters Missouri when a band of raw Confederate troops defeat Union forces in the southwestern part of the state.
1901 – The U.S. Steel Recognition Strike by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers begins.
1904 – Russo-Japanese War: the Battle of the Yellow Sea between the Russian and Japanese battleship fleets takes place.
1905 – Russo-Japanese War: peace negotiations begin in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
1913 – Second Balkan War: delegates from Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece sign the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the war.
1920 – World War I: Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI's representatives sign the Treaty of Sèvres that divides up the Ottoman Empire between the Allies.
1932 – A 5.1 kilograms (11 lb) chondrite-type meteorite breaks into at least seven pieces and lands near the town of Archie in Cass County, Missouri.
1944 – World War II: American forces defeat the last Japanese troops on Guam.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of Narva ends with a combined German–Estonian force successfully defending Narva, Estonia, from invading Soviet troops.
1948 – Candid Camera makes its television debut after being on radio for a year as Candid Microphone.
1949 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment, streamlining the defense agencies of the United States government, and replacing the Department of War with the United States Department of Defense.
1954 – At Massena, New York, the groundbreaking ceremony for the Saint Lawrence Seaway is held.
1961 – First use in Vietnam War of the Agent Orange by the U.S. Army.
1969 – A day after murdering Sharon Tate and four others, members of Charles Manson's cult kill Leno and Rosemary LaBianca.
1971 – The Society for American Baseball Research is founded in Cooperstown, New York.
1977 – In Yonkers, New York, 24-year-old postal employee David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") is arrested for a series of killings in the New York City area over the period of one year.
1978 – Three members of the Ulrich family are killed in an accident. This leads to the Ford Pinto litigation.
1981 – Murder of Adam Walsh: the head of John Walsh's son is found. This inspires the creation of the television series America's Most Wanted.
1988 – Japanese American internment: U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, providing $20,000 payments to Japanese Americans who were either interned in or relocated by the United States during World War II.
1990 – The Magellan space probe reaches Venus.
1990 – More than 127 Muslims are killed in North East Sri Lanka by paramilitary troops.
1993 – An earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter Scale hits the South Island of New Zealand.
1995 – Oklahoma City bombing: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols are indicted for the bombing. Michael Fortier pleads guilty in a plea-bargain for his testimony.
1998 – HRH Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah is proclaimed the crown prince of Brunei with a Royal Proclamation.
2003 – The highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom – 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) in Kent. It is the first time the United Kingdom has recorded a temperature over 100 °F (38 °C).
2003 – Yuri Malenchenko becomes the first person to marry in space.
2009 – Twenty people are killed in Handlová, Trencín Region, in the deadliest mining disaster in Slovakia's history.

Births

1267 – King James II of Aragon (d. 1327)
1296 – King John of Bohemia (d. 1346)
1360 – Francesco Zabarella, Italian jurist (d. 1417)
1397 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1439)
1489 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German statesman and reformer (d. 1553)
1520 – Madeleine of Valois, French-born Queen consort of the Scots, wife of James V of Scotland (d. 1537)
1560 – Hieronymus Praetorius, German composer (d. 1629)
1602 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (d. 1675)
1645 – Eusebio Kino, Italian Catholic missionary (d. 1711)
1737 – Anton Losenko, Russian painter (d. 1773)
1740 – Samuel Arnold, English composer and organist (d. 1802)
1744 – Alexandrine Le Normant d'Étiolles, French daughter of Madame de Pompadour (d. 1754)
1805 – Ferenc Toldy, German-Hungarian literary critic (d. 1875)
1809 – John Kirk Townsend, American naturalist (d. 1851)
1810 – Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Italian diplomat and politician (d. 1861)
1814 – Henri Nestlé, Swiss industrialist (d. 1890)
1821 – Jay Cooke, American financier (d. 1905)
1823 – Hugh Stowell Brown, Manx preacher (d. 1886)
1827 – Lovro Toman, Slovenian politician (d. 1870)
1839 – Aleksandr Stoletov, Russian physicist (d. 1896)
1845 – Abai Qunanbaiuli, Kazakh poet (d. 1904)
1856 – William Willett, English daylight saving time advocate (d. 1915)
1860 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musicologist (d. 1936)
1865 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (d. 1936)
1868 – Hugo Eckener, manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin (d. 1954)
1869 – Laurence Binyon, British poet (d. 1943)
1872 – Bill Johnson, American double-bassist (d. 1972)
1874 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States (d. 1964)
1877 – Frank Marshall, American chess player (d. 1944)
1878 – Alfred Döblin, German writer (d. 1957)
1880 – Robert L. Thornton, American businessman, philanthropist, and politician (d. 1964)
1884 – Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (d. 1935)
1889 – Charles Darrow, American board game creator (Monopoly) (d. 1967)
1891 – Henry O'Neill, American actor (d. 1961)
1890 – Angus Lewis Macdonald, Canadian politician (d. 1954)
1894 – V. V. Giri, Indian politician (d. 1980)
1895 – Hammy Love, Australian cricketer (d. 1969)
1897 – John W. Galbreath, American businessman (d. 1988)
1898 – Jack Haley, American actor (d. 1979)
1900 – Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt, New Zealand politician and sprinter (d. 1994)
1902 – Norma Shearer, Canadian actress (d. 1983)
1902 – Curt Siodmak, German-born English novelist and screenwriter (d. 2000)
1902 – Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1971)
1903 – Ward Moore, American novelist (d. 1978)
1905 – Era Bell Thompson, American journalist (d. 1986)
1907 – Su Yu, Chinese Communist military leader (d. 1984)
1908 – Rica Erickson, Australian naturalist and botanic (d. 2009)
1908 – Billy Gonsalves, American soccer player (d. 1977)
1909 – Leo Fender, American luthier (d. 1991)
1911 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian (d. 1993)
1912 – Jorge Amado, Brazilian novelist (d. 2001)
1913 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (d. 1994)
1913 – Wolfgang Paul, German physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1993)
1914 – Jeff Corey, American actor (d. 2002)
1914 – Carlos Menditeguy, Argentine racing driver (d. 1973)
1919 – Sacha Vierny, French cinematographer (d. 2001)
1920 – Red Holzman, American basketball coach (d. 1998)
1923 – Rhonda Fleming, American actress
1923 – Fred Ridgway, English cricketer
1923 – SM Sultan, Bangladeshi painter (d. 1994)
1924 – Nancy Buckingham, British romance novelist
1924 – Martha Hyer, American actress
1926 – Marie-Claire Alain, French organist
1927 – Vernon Washington, American actor (d. 1988)
1928 – Jimmy Dean, American singer and businessman (d. 2010)
1928 – Eddie Fisher, American singer (d. 2010)
1928 – Gus Mercurio, American-born Australian actor (d. 2010)
1932 – Gaudencio Rosales, Filipino cardinal and Archbishop of Manila
1933 – Doyle Brunson, American poker player
1933 – Rocky Colavito, American baseball player
1933 – Keith Duckworth, English mechanical engineer (Cosworth) (d. 2005)
1937 – Anatoly Sobchak, Russian politician
1939 – Kate O'Mara, British actress
1940 – Bobby Hatfield, American singer (The Righteous Brothers) (d. 2003)
1940 – Sid Waddell, English darts commentator
1941 – Susan Dorothea White, Australian painter, sculptor and printmaker
1942 – Betsey Johnson, American fashion designer
1943 – Louise Forestier, French-Canadian singer, songwriter and actress
1943 – Jimmy Griffin, American guitarist (Bread) (d. 2005)
1943 – Michael Mantler, American trumpeter and composer
1943 – Shafqat Rana, Pakistani cricketer
1943 – Ronnie Spector, American singer (The Ronettes)
1945 – Harriet Miers, American lawyer and White House Counsel
1945 – Laura Spurr, American Indian tribal chair (d. 2010)
1947 – Ian Anderson, Scottish singer and flutist (Jethro Tull)
1947 – Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysian politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
1947 – Alan Ward, English cricketer
1948 – Patti Austin, American singer
1950 – Rémy Girard, Canadian actor
1952 – Daniel Hugh Kelly, American actor
1952 – Diane Venora, American actress
1953 – Mark Doty, American poet and prose writer
1954 – Peter Endrulat, German footballer
1955 – Mel Tiangco, Filipina television personality and broadcast journalist
1956 – Fred Ottman, American wrestler
1956 – Charlie Peacock, American record producer, singer-songwriter
1956 – Peter Robbins, American actor
1958 – Jack Richards, English cricketer
1959 – Rosanna Arquette, American actress
1959 – Mark Price, drummer/percussionist
1959 – Florent Vollant, Innu-Canadian singer-songwriter (Kashtin)
1960 – Antonio Banderas, Spanish actor
1960 – Nicoletta Braschi, Italian actress
1960 – Kenny Perry, American golfer
1961 – Jon Farriss, Australian drummer (INXS)
1962 – Suzanne Collins, American screenwriter and author
1962 – Julia Fordham, singer/songwriter
1962 – Alan Muraoka, American actor
1963 – Phoolan Devi, Indian bandit (d. 2001)
1963 – Andrew Sullivan, English-born American journalist
1964 – Aaron Hall, American songwriter
1965 – Claudia Christian, American actress
1965 – Mike E. Smith, American jockey
1965 – John Starks, American basketball player
1966 – Charlie Dimmock, British gardener and TV presenter
1966 – Hansi Kürsch, German singer
1967 – Philippe Albert, Belgian footballer
1967 – Riddick Bowe, American boxer
1967 – Gus Johnson, American sportscaster
1967 – Lorraine Pearson, British singer (Five Star)
1967 – Mart Sander, Estonian singer and actor
1967 – Reinout Scholte, Dutch cricketer
1968 – Michael Bivins, American singer (New Edition, Bell Biv DeVoe)
1968 – Pete Docter, American film director
1968 – Greg Hawgood, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Emily Symons, Australian actress
1970 – Bret Hedican, American ice hockey player
1970 – Brendon Julian, Australian cricketer
1970 – Steve Mautone, Australian footballer
1971 – Sal Fasano, American baseball player
1971 – Stephan Groth, Norwegian vocalist (Apoptygma Berzerk)
1971 – Roy Keane, Irish footballer
1971 – Mario Kindelán, Cuban boxer
1971 – Kevin Randleman, American mixed martial artist
1971 – Justin Theroux, American actor
1972 – Lawrence Dallaglio, English rugby union footballer
1972 – Angie Harmon, American model and actress
1972 – Christofer Johnsson, Swedish guitarist and vocalist (Therion)
1973 – Lisa Raymond, American tennis player
1973 – Javier Zanetti, Argentinian footballer
1974 – Luis Marín, Costa Rican footballer
1974 – Rachel Simmons, American feminist and author
1974 – David Sommeil, French footballer
1975 – Ilhan Mansiz, Turkish footballer
1976 – Michael Depoli, American wrestler
1977 – Danny Griffin, Northern Irish footballer
1977 – Aaron Kamin, American guitarist and songwriter (The Calling)
1977 – Matt Morgan, British comedian
1978 – Daniel Allsopp, Australian footballer
1978 – Marcus Fizer, American basketball player
1978 – Chris Read, English cricketer
1978 – Claire Yiu, Hong Kong actress
1979 – Dinusha Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
1979 – Joanna García, American actress
1979 – Ted Geoghegan, American filmmaker and author
1979 – Brandon Lyon, American baseball player
1979 – Yannick Schroeder, French racing driver
1980 – Stu Bennett, English wrestler
1981 – Natsumi Abe, Japanese singer
1981 – Taufik Hidayat, Indonesian badminton player
1981 – Malek Mouath, Saudi Arabian footballer
1982 – Josh Anderson, American baseball player
1982 – Devon Aoki, American model and actress
1983 – Chrisna Bootha, South African netball player
1983 – Alexander Perezhogin, Russian ice hockey player
1983 – Mathieu Roy, Canadian ice hockey player
1984 – Ryan Eggold, American actor
1985 – Enrico Cortese, Italian footballer
1985 – Roy O'Donovan, Irish footballer
1986 – Andrea Hlavácková, Czech tennis player
1989 – Sam Gagner, Canadian ice hockey player
1989 – Ben Sahar, Israeli footballer
1990 – Lucas Till, American actor
1992 – Ko Ah-seong, South Korean actress
1993 – Yuto Nakajima, Japanese actor and singer
1997 – Kylie Jenner, American reality television personality and model

Deaths

480 BCE Leonidas I (b. circa 540s BCE)
258 – Lawrence of Rome (Saint Lawrence), Spanish-born deacon of Rome (martyred) (b. 225)
1535 – Ippolito de' Medici, ruler of Florence (b. 1509)
1637 – Johann Gerhard, German Lutheran leader (b. 1582)
1653 – Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1598)
1655 – Alfonso de la Cueva, marqués de Bedmar, Spanish cardinal and diplomat (b. 1572)
1723 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1656)
1759 – King Ferdinand VI of Spain (b. 1713)
1784 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (b. 1713)
1802 – Franz Aepinus, German natural philosopher (b. 1724)
1806 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (b. 1737)
1839 – John St Aubyn, British fossil collector (b. 1758)
1862 – Honinbo Shusaku, Japanese Go player (b. 1829)
1875 – Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808)
1896 – Otto Lilienthal, German aviation pioneer (b. 1848)
1904 – Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau, French statesman (b. 1846)
1915 – Henry Moseley, English physicist (b. 1887)
1918 – Erich Loewenhardt, German flying ace (b. 1897)
1920 – Ádám Politzer, Hungarian-Austrian physician (b. 1835)
1928 – Rex Cherryman, American actor (b. 1897)
1929 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (b. 1878)
1932 – Rin Tin Tin, American canine film actor (b. 1918)
1945 – Robert H. Goddard, American rocket scientist (b. 1882)
1948 – Kwan-Ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (b. 1873)
1948 – Andrew Brown, Scottish football coach (b. 1870)
1948 – Montague Summers, English writer (b. 1880)
1958 – Frank Demaree, American baseball player (b. 1910)
1963 – Estes Kefauver, American politician (b. 1903)
1963 – Ernst Wetter, Swiss jurist (b. 1877)
1969 – János Kodolányi, Hungarian writer (b. 1899)
1969 – Leno LaBianca, American businessman (b. 1925)
1969 – Rosemary LaBianca, American housewife (b. 1930)
1976 – Bert Oldfield, Australian cricketer (b. 1894)
1979 – Dick Foran, American actor (b. 1910)
1979 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist (b. 1889)
1980 – Yahya Khan, Pakistani politician (b. 1917)
1982 – Anderson Bigode Herzer, Brazilian writer and poet (b. 1962)
1985 – Nate Barragar, American football player (b. 1906)
1986 – Alan Rouse, British mountaineer (b. 1951)
1987 – Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, Greek lawyer and politician (b. 1893)
1993 – Euronymous (Øystein Aarseth), Norwegian guitarist (Mayhem) (b. 1968)
1997 – Conlon Nancarrow, American composer (b. 1912)
1997 – Jean-Claude Lauzon, Quebec film director (b. 1953)
1999 – Pa??it Baldev Upadhyaya, Indian Sanskrit scholar (b. 1899)
2000 – Gilbert Parkhouse, English cricketer (b. 1925)
2001 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (b. 1917)
2002 – Michael Houser, American guitarist (Widespread Panic) (b. 1962)
2002 – Kristen Nygaard, Norwegian computer scientist (b. 1926)
2003 – Carmita Jiménez, Puerto Rican singer (b. c. 1944)
2007 – Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler, American military pilot and civil rights figure (b. 1925)
2007 – James E. Faust, American religious figure (b. 1920)
2007 – Chris Reyka, American law enforcement official (b. 1956)
2007 – Tony Wilson, British music personality and broadcaster (b. 1950)
2008 – Isaac Hayes, American singer-songwriter, keyboardist and actor (b. 1942)
2010 – Adam Stansfield, English footballer (b. 1978)
2011 – Jani Lane, American singer (Warrant) (b. 1964)