today.nukz.net: Almanac September 6

Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer settlement worker, founder of Hull House in Chicago, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in woman suffrage and world peace. Jane Addams worked with the Civic Federation of Chicago to address social and political problems, as did steel magnate Clayton Mark. Clayton Mark also built Marktown, a planned worker community in Northwest Indiana. Beside presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, she was the most prominent reformer of the Progressive Era and helped turn the nation to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed the vote to be effective in doing so. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She is increasingly recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy. In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Events

3114 BC – According to the proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started. (Non-standard interpretation)
394 – Battle of the Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast.
1492 – Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic for the first time.
1522 – The Victoria, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the world.
1620 – The Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England, on the Mayflower to settle in North America. (Old Style date; September 16 per New Style date.)
1628 – Puritans settle Salem, which will later become part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1634 – Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen the Catholic Imperial army defeats Protestant armies of Sweden and Germany.
1781 – The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting a British victory.
1847 – Henry David Thoreau leaves Walden Pond and moves in with Ralph Waldo Emerson and his family in Concord, Massachusetts.
1861 – American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control of the mouth of the Tennessee River.
1863 – American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
1870 – Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
1885 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria. The Unification of Bulgaria is accomplished.
1888 – Charles Turner becomes the first bowler to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J.T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).
1901 – Anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
1930 – Democratically elected Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen is deposed in a military coup.
1937 – Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco.
1939 – World War II: The Battle of Barking Creek.
1939 – World War II: South Africa declares war on Germany.
1940 – King Carol II of Romania abdicates and is succeeded by his son Michael.
1943 – The Monterrey Institute of Technology, one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America, is founded in Monterrey, Mexico.
1944 – World War II: The city of Ypres, Belgium is liberated by allied forces.
1948 – Juliana becomes Queen of the Netherlands.
1949 – Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to German control.
1949 – A former sharpshooter in World War II, Howard Unruh kills 13 neighbors in Camden, New Jersey, with a souvenir Luger to become the first U.S. single-episode mass murderer.
1952 – Canada's first television station, CBFT-TV, opens in Montreal.
1955 – Istanbul Pogrom: Istanbul's Greek and Armenian minority are the target of a government-sponsored pogrom.
1963 – The Centre for International Industrial Property Studies (CEIPI) is founded.
1965 – War of 1965: India retaliates following Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam which resulted in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 that ends in a stalemate and follows the signing of the Tashkent Declaration.
1966 – In Cape Town, South Africa, the architect of Apartheid, Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, is stabbed to death during a parliamentary meeting.
1968 – Swaziland becomes independent.
1970 – Two passenger jets bound from Europe to New York are simultaneously hijacked by Palestinian terrorist members of PFLP and taken to Dawson's Field in Jordan.
1972 – Munich Massacre: 9 Israel athletes taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games by the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group died (as did a German policeman) at the hands of the kidnappers during a failed rescue attempt. 2 other Israeli athletes are slain in the initial attack the previous day.
1976 – Cold War: Soviet air force pilot Lt. Viktor Belenko lands a MiG-25 jet fighter at Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States.
1983 – The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Flight KAL-007, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace.
1985 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9 crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
1986 – In Istanbul, two terrorists from Abu Nidal's organization kill 22 and wound six inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Shabbat services.
1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1991 – The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924.
1992 – Hunters discover the emaciated body of Christopher Johnson McCandless at his camp 20 miles (32 km) west of the town of Healy, Alaska.
1995 – Cal Ripken Jr of the Baltimore Orioles plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking a record that stood for 56 years.
1997 – Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London. Over a million people lined the streets and 2.5 billion watched around the world on television.
2008 – Turkish President Abdullah Gül attends an association football match in Armenia after an invitation by Armenian President Serzh Sarkisyan; he is the first Turkish head of state to visit the country.
2009 – The ro-ro ferry SuperFerry 9 sinks off the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Philippines with 971 persons aboard; all but ten are rescued.

Births

1535 – Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian (d. 1612)
1620 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (d. 1704)
1633 – Sebastian Knüpfer, German composer (d. 1676)
1656 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and statesman (d. 1723)
1666 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia (d. 1696)
1711 – Henry Muhlenberg, German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (d. 1787)
1732 – Johan Wilcke, Swedish physicist (d. 1796)
1729 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher (d. 1786)
1757 – Marquis de Lafayette, French soldier and statesman (d. 1834)
1766 – John Dalton, British chemist and physicist (d. 1844)
1795 – Frances Wright, English writer and lecturer (d. 1852)
1800 – Catharine Beecher, American educator (d. 1878)
1802 – Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (d. 1857)
1808 – Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri, Algerian political and military leader (d. 1883)
1814 – Sir George-Étienne Cartier, Canadian politician (d. 1873)
1815 – St. John Richardson Liddell, American Civil War Confederate general (d. 1870)
1817 – Alexander Tilloch Galt, Canadian politician (d. 1893)
1819 – William Rosecrans, American Civil War general and US ambassador to Mexico (d. 1898)
1829 – Marie Zakrzewska, Polish physician (d. 1902)
1838 – Samuel Arnold, Lincoln conspirator (d. 1906)
1852 – Schalk Willem Burger, South African politician, military leader and State President (d. 1918)
1855 – Ferdinand Hummel, German harp player, pianist, conductor and composer (d. 1928)
1857 – Zelia Nuttall, American archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
1859 – Macpherson Robertson, Australian philanthropist, confectionery manufacturer (d. 1945)
1860 – Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
1861 – William Lane, Australian journalist, utopian, founder of New Australia in Paraguay (d. 1917)
1868 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1947)
1869 – Walford Davies, English composer, Master of the King's Music (d. 1941)
1869 – Felix Salten, Austrian author (d. 1945)
1876 – John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
1877 – Buddy Bolden, American musician (d. 1930)
1879 – Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1956)
1879 – Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936)
1888 – Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American banker and diplomat (d. 1969)
1890 – Clara Kimball Young, American actress (d. 1960)
1891 – John Charles Thomas, American baritone (d. 1960)
1892 – Sir Edward Victor Appleton, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
1893 – Claire Chennault, American pilot (d. 1958)
1899 – Billy Rose, American composer (d. 1966)
1900 – W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
1900 – Julien Green, French-born American novelist (d. 1998)
1906 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
1908 – Anthony Wagner, British heraldist, Garter Principal King of Arms (d. 1995)
1908 – Korczak Ziólkowski, American designer and sculptor of the Crazy Horse Memorial (d. 1982)
1909 – Michael Gordon, American actor and director (d. 1993)
1910 – Walter Giesler, American soccer coach, (d. 1976)
1911 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
1912 – Wayne Barlow, American composer, organist, and choir director (d. 1996)
1913 – Julie Gibson, American actress
1915 – Franz Josef Strauß, German politician (d. 1988)
1917 – John Berry, American film director (d. 1999)
1917 – Philipp Freiherr von Boeselager, German Wehrmacht officer, failed assassin of Adolf Hitler (d. 2008)
1917 – George Mann, England cricketer (d. 2001)
1919 – Wilson Greatbatch, American inventor
1921 – Carmen Laforet, Spanish author (d. 2004)
1923 – King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
1924 – John Melcher, American politician
1925 – Jimmy Reed, American blues singer (d. 1976)
1926 – Maurice Prather, American motion picture and still photographer (d. 2001)
1926 – Claus van Amsberg, German born Prince Consort of the Netherlands (d. 2002)
1926 – Arthur Oldham, English choirmaster, composer (d. 2003)
1928 – Robert M. Pirsig, American author
1928 – Evgeny Svetlanov, Russian conductor and composer (d. 2002)
1929 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer (d. 2005)
1930 – Akiji Kobayashi, Japanese actor (d. 1996)
1932 – Gilles Tremblay, Canadian composer
1932 – Hiroyuki Iwaki, Japanese conductor (d. 2006)
1932 – Bernie Winters, English comedian (d. 1991)
1937 – Sergio Aragonés, Spanish-born illustrator
1937 – Brigid Berlin, American actor
1937 – Janusz Kurczab, Polish mountaineer
1937 – Jo Anne Worley, American actress
1938 – Joan Tower, American composer, concert pianist and conductor
1939 – David Allan Coe, American country singer
1939 – Dan Cragg, American soldier and author
1939 – Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1940 – Elizabeth Murray, American artist (d. 2007)
1940 – Jackie Trent, English singer, songwriter, and actress
1942 – Richard Anthony Hutton, England cricketer
1942 – Carol Wayne, American actress (d. 1985)
1942 – Dave Bargeron, American trombonist and tuba player
1942 – Mel McDaniel, American country music artist (d. 2011)
1943 – Richard J. Roberts, English biochemist and molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1943 – Roger Waters, British musician (Pink Floyd)
1944 – Donna Haraway, American professor, writer, and lecturer
1944 – Swoosie Kurtz, American actress
1945 – Larry Lucchino, American baseball executive
1947 – Jane Curtin, American actress
1947 – Sylvester James, American singer (d. 1988)
1947 – Bruce Rioch, Scottish footballer and coach
1948 – Claydes Charles Smith, American musician (Kool & the Gang) (d. 2006)
1953 – Anne Lockhart, American actress
1954 – Carly Fiorina, Former CEO of Hewlett-Packard
1954 – Demetris Kizas, Greek-Cypriot footballer
1954 – Ève Luquet, French stamp designer
1954 – Patrick O'Hearn, American musician, composer and recording artist
1955 – Raymond Benson, American author
1956 – Bill Ritter, American politician
1957 – Ali Divandari, Iranian artist
1957 – Michaëlle Jean, 27th Governor-General of Canada
1957 – José Sócrates, Prime Minister of Portugal
1957 – Tim Whitnall, English actor and narrator
1958 – Buster Bloodvessel, British singer
1958 – Jeff Foxworthy, American comedian
1958 – Arsinée Khanjian, Armenian-Canadian actress
1958 – Nigel Westlake, Australian musician and composer
1958 – Michael Winslow, American actor and comedian
1959 – Bill Root, Canadian ice hockey defenceman
1961 – Simon Reeve, Australian journalist
1961 – Scott Travis, American musician (Judas Priest)
1961 – Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian musician (a-ha)
1962 – Chris Christie, American Politician
1962 – Jennifer Egan, American novelist
1962 – Elizabeth Vargas, American journalist
1962 – Kevin Willis, American basketball player
1963 – Pat Nevin, Scottish footballer
1963 – Alice Sebold, American novelist
1963 – Bryan Simonaire, American politician
1963 – Geert Wilders, Dutch politician
1963 – Mark Chesnutt, American singer
1963 – Skye Gyngell, Australian chef
1964 – Rosie Perez, American actress
1965 – Darren Clark, Australian athlete
1965 – Christopher Nolan, Irish writer (d. 2009)
1965 – John Polson, Australian actor and film director
1965 – Van Tiffin, American football player
1965 – Terry Bickers, English guitarist, singer and songwriter
1967 – William DuVall, American singer (Alice In Chains)
1967 – Macy Gray, American singer-songwriter
1968 – Saeed Anwar, Pakistani cricketer
1968 – Christopher Brookmyre, Scottish writer
1968 – Paul Rea, American television journalist
1968 – Paddy Boom, former drummer for Scissor Sisters
1969 – Tony DiTerlizzi, American author
1969 – Ben Finegold, American chess player
1969 – Michellie Jones, Australian triathlete
1969 – CeCe Peniston, American dance music singer
1970 – Cheyne Coates, Australian dance music and pop singer-songwriter and producer
1971 – Devang Gandhi, Indian cricketer
1971 – Dolores O'Riordan, Irish musician (The Cranberries)
1972 – Dylan Bruno, American actor (Numb3rs)
1972 – Idris Elba, English/American actor
1972 – Eugene Hütz, Ukrainian singer and composer (Gogol Bordello)
1972 – Justina Machado, Puerto Rican-American actress
1972 – China Miéville, English writer
1972 – Anika Noni Rose, American actress and singer
1973 – Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer
1973 – Greg Rusedski, Canadian-born tennis player
1973 – Alessandro Troncon, Italian rugby player
1974 – Tim Henman, English tennis player
1974 – Sarah Danielle Madison, American actress
1974 – Nina Persson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans)
1974 – Sarah Strange, Canadian actress
1974 – Justin Whalin, American actor
1975 – Derrek Lee, American baseball player
1976 – Rodrigo Amarante, Brazilian musician (Little Joy, Los Hermanos)
1976 – Naomie Harris, English actress
1976 – N.O.R.E., American rapper
1976 – Tom Pappas, American decathlete
1976 – Hyun Young, South Korean actress and pop singer
1977 – Kiyoshi Hikawa, Japanese enka singer
1978 – Cisco Adler, American singer
1978 – Marlen Angelidou, Greek singer
1978 – Simon Barjie, Gambian international footballer with dual Gambian–Italian nationality
1978 – Natalia Cigliuti, American actress
1978 – Alex Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
1978 – Mathew Horne, English actor
1978 – Homare Sawa Japanese female footballer, female FIFA World Player of the Year in 2011
1978 – Tony Thaxton, drummer (Motion City Soundtrack)
1979 – Mike Arnaoutis, Greek boxer
1979 – Foxy Brown, American rapper
1979 – Low Ki, American wrestler
1979 – Massimo Maccarone, Italian footballer
1979 – Carlos Adrián Morales, Mexican footballer
1979 – Brandon Silvestry, American professional wrestler
1980 – Jillian Hall, American professional wrestler
1980 – Yuji Hamano, Japanese archer
1980 – Kerry Katona, British singer and media personality
1980 – Samuel Peter, Nigerian heavyweight boxer
1980 – Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
1981 – Yuki Abe, Japanese footballer
1981 – Yumiko Cheng, Hong Kong singer
1981 – Mark Teahen, American baseball player
1983 – Dimitri Champion, French cyclist
1983 – Pippa Middleton, Sister of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
1984 – Helena Jonsson, Swedish biathlete
1984 – Orsi Kocsis, Hungarian model
1985 – Ali Ashfaq, Maldivian footballer
1985 – Alberto Valerio, Brazilian racing driver
1985 – Webbie, American rapper
1986 – Raven Riley, American porn actress
1987 – Ramiele Malubay, American singer
1988 – Denis Tonucci, Italian footballer
1988 – Max George, British singer (The Wanted)
1989 – Nikos Boutzikos, Greek footballer
1989 – Kim So-eun, South Korean actress
1990 – John Wall, American basketball player
1992 – Fabiola Rodas, Guatemalan singer
1993 – Mattia Valoti, Italian footballer
2006 – Prince Hisahito of Akishino

Deaths

394 – Eugenius, Roman usurper
957 – Liudolf, Duke of Swabia (b. 930)
972 – Pope John XIII
1276 – Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals (b. ca. 1215)
1431 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine soldier and statesman
1511 – Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Japanese shogun (b. 1481)
1625 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian (b. 1579)
1635 – Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)
1649 – Robert Dudley, styled Earl of Warwick, English explorer and geographer (b. 1574)
1683 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister finance (b. 1619)
1708 – Sir John Morden, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
1748 – Edmund Gibson, English jurist (b. 1669)
1782 – Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1748)
1783 – Bertinazzi, Italian actor and writer (b. 1710)
1808 – Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (b. 1723)
1833 – Antoine Le Blanc, French murderer b. 1800
1868 – Pierre Adolphe Rost, Louisiana judge, Confederate commissioner (b. 1797)
1885 – Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer, inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early form of air-independent propulsion (b. 1819).
1902 – Frederick Augustus Abel, English chemist (b. 1827)
1907 – Sully Prudhomme, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1839)
1919 – Lord Charles Beresford, British admiral, politician (b. 1846)
1927 – Charles Woodruff, American archer (b. 1846)
1938 – John Stuart Hindmarsh, British racing driver and aviator (b. 1907)
1939 – Arthur Rackham, English book illustrator (b. 1867)
1945 – John McCain, Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
1949 – Walter Widdop, British Wagnerian Heldentenor (b. 1892)
1950 – Olaf Stapledon, British writer and philosopher (b. 1886)
1951 – James W. Gerard, American jurist and diplomat (b. 1867)
1952 – Gertrude Lawrence, English actress (b. 1898)
1956 – Lee Jung Seob, Korean oil painter (b. 1916)
1959 – Edmund Gwenn, British-American actor (b. 1877)
1959 – Kay Kendall, English actress (b. 1926)
1962 – Hanns Eisler, German-born composer (b. 1898)
1962 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (b. 1892)
1963 – Wladimir Aïtoff, French rugby player (b. 1879)
1966 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control activist (b. 1879)
1966 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1901)
1969 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian football player (b. 1892)
1972 – Victims of the 1972 Munich Olympic Massacre
- Luttif Afif, Palestinian terrorist (b. 1937 or 1945)
- David Mark Berger, American born Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
- Ze'ev Friedman, Polish born Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
- Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestling judge (b. 1931)
- Eliezer Halfin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1948)
- Amitzur Shapira, Israeli short-distance runner and coach (b. 1932)
- Kehat Shorr, Israeli shooting coach (b. 1919)
- Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
- Andre Spitzer, Romanian born Israeli fencing master and coach (b. 1945)
- Yakov Springer, Polish born Israeli wrestler and weightlifting coach (b. 1921)
1974 – Olga Baclanova, Russian-born actress (b. 1896)
1978 – Max Decugis, French tennis player (b. 1882)
1978 – Tom Wilson, American record producer (b. 1931)
1979 – Ronald Binge, English composer (Elizabethan Serenade) (b. 1910)
1981 – Christy Brown, Irish author (b. 1932)
1984 – Ernest Tubb, American singer (b. 1914)
1985 – Johnny Desmond, American singer (b. 1919)
1985 – Franco Ferrara, Italian conductor (b. 1911)
1986 – Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1895)
1987 – Quinn Martin, American television producer (b. 1922)
1988 – Leroy Brown, American wrestler (b. 1950)
1988 – Sir William Northam, Australian Olympic yachtsman (b. 1905)
1990 – Len Hutton, English cricketer (b. 1916)
1990 – Tom Fogerty, American singer (b. 1941)
1991 – Bob Goldham, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1922)
1992 – Henry Ephron, American playwright, screenwriter and producer (b. 1912)
1994 – Nicky Hopkins, British musician (b. 1944)
1996 – Esther Soré, Chilean musician (b. 1915)
1997 – P. H. Newby, British author and BBC radio director (b. 1918)
1998 – Ernst-Hugo Järegård, Swedish actor (b. 1928)
1998 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese film director (b. 1910)
1998 – Ric Segreto, Filipino Pop-Balladeer (b. 1952)
1999 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician and former President (b. 1938)
1999 – René Lecavalier, French Canadian sportscaster (b. 1918)
2001 – Carl Crack, German musician (Atari Teenage Riot) (b. 1971)
2002 – Ilya Livykou, Greek actress (b. 1919)
2003 – Harry Goz, American actor (b. 1932)
2003 – Mohammad Oraz, Iranian mountain climber (b. 1969)
2005 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and Urdu poet (b. 1929)
2005 – Dame Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
2007 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author (b. 1918)
2007 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
2007 – Percy Rodriguez, Canadian actor (b. 1918)
2008 – Sören Nordin, Swedish harness racing driver and trainer (b. 1917)
2008 – Anita Page, American actress (b. 1910)
2009 – Catherine Gaskin, Irish-Australian novelist (b. 1929)
2010 – Clive Donner, British film director (b. 1926)