today.nukz.net: Almanac October 13

Leonard Alfred Schneider (October 13, 1925 – August 3, 1966), better known by the stage name Lenny Bruce, was an American comedian, social critic and satirist. His 1964 conviction in an obscenity trial was followed by a posthumous pardon, the first in New York state history. He was renowned for his open, free-style, dangerous and critical form of comedy which integrated politics, religion, and sex. His tumultuous private life marked by substance abuse, promiscuity, as well as his efforts to prevent his wife from working as a stripper, make him a compelling figure. He paved the way for future outspoken comedians, and his trial for obscenity, in which – after being forced into bankruptcy – he was eventually found not guilty is seen as a landmark trial for freedom of speech.

Events

54 – Roman Emperor Claudius is poisoned to death under mysterious circumstances. His 17-year-old stepson Nero succeeds him to the Roman throne
409 – Vandals and Alans cross the Pyrenees and appear in Hispania.
1307 – Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into a "confession" of heresy.
1332 – Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan becomes the Khagan of the Mongols and Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, reigning for only 53 days.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1644 – A Swedish–Dutch fleet defeats the Danes and captures about 1,000 prisoners.
1710 – Port Royal, the capital of French Acadia, falls in a siege by British forces.
1773 – The Whirlpool Galaxy is discovered by Charles Messier.
1775 – The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
1792 – In Washington, D.C., the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
1812 – War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights – As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
1843 – In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
1845 – A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
1881 – First known conversation in modern Hebrew by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends.
1884 – Greenwich, in London, England, is established as Universal Time meridian of longitude.
1885 – The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is founded in Atlanta, United States.
1892 – Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1, the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13–14.
1911 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, becomes the first Governor-General of Canada of royal descent.
1915 – The Battle for the Hohenzollern Redoubt marks the end of the Battle of Loos in northern France, World War I.
1917 – The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 people in the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal.
1918 – Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I.
1921 – The Soviet republics of Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia sign the Treaty of Kars with the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to establish the contemporary borders between Turkey and the South Caucasus states.
1923 – Ankara replaces Istanbul as the capital of Turkey.
1943 – World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
1944 – World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is occupied by the Red Army.
1946 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
1958 – Paddington Bear, a classic character from English children's literature, makes his debut.
1962 – The Pacific Northwest experiences a cyclone the equal of a Cat 3 hurricane. Winds measured above 150 mph at several locations; 46 people died.
1967 – The first game in the history of the American Basketball Association is played as the Anaheim Amigos lose to the Oakland Oaks 134-129 in Oakland, California.
1970 – Fiji joins the United Nations.
1972 – An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashes outside Moscow killing 176.
1972 – Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, near the border between Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972, only 16 out of 45 people lived long enough to be rescued.
1976 – A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground).
1976 – The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle is obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C.
1977 – Four Palestinians hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
1983 – Ameritech Mobile Communications (now AT&T) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago, Illinois.
1990 – End of the Lebanese Civil War. Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon removing General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.
1992 – An Antonov An-124 operated by Antonov Airlines registered SSSR-82002, crashes near Kiev, Ukraine killing 8.
2010 – The 2010 Copiapó mining accident in Copiapó, Chile comes to an end as all 33 miners arrive at the surface after surviving a record 69 days underground awaiting rescue.

Births

1162 – Leonora of England, Queen of Castile (d. 1214)

1453 – Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
1474 – Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1515)
1566 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
1613 – Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, queen of Portugal (d. 1666)
1696 – John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
1713 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
1714 – Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
1756 – James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier, Royal Navy admiral of the fleet (d. 1833)
1768 – Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French explorer (d. 1839)
1820 – John William Dawson, Canadian geologist (d. 1899)
1821 – Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
1844 – Ernest Myers, English poet, Classicist and author (d. 1921)
1853 – Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
1862 – Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)
1870 – Albert Jay Nock, American author (d. 1945)
1874 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
1876 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914)
1878 – Patrick Joseph Hartigan, Australian Roman Catholic priest (d. 1952)
1879 – Edward Hennig, American gymnast (d. 1960)
1880 – Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
1883 – William Dickey, American diver (d. 1950)
1887 – Jozef Tiso, Slovak politician (d. 1947)
1890 – Conrad Richter, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1968)
1891 – Irene Rich, American actress (d. 1988)
1895 – Mike Gazella, American baseball player (d. 1978)
1896 – E. Beatrice Riley, Australian supercentenarian (d. 2009)
1900 – Gerald Marks, American songwriter (d. 1997)
1902 – Arna Wendell Bontemps, American writer (d. 1973)
1904 – Wilfred Pickles, English actor and broadcaster (d. 1978)
1905 – Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian football player and manager (d. 1983)
1905 – Yves Allégret, French film director (d. 1987)
1909 – Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
1909 – Herbert "Herblock" Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
1911 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
1913 – Igor Torkar, Slovenian writer (d. 2004)
1915 – Sir Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
1915 – Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)
1917 – George Osmond, American patriach of The Osmonds (d. 2007)
1917 – Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)
1918 – Robert Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
1920 – Laraine Day, American actress (d. 2007)
1921 – Yves Montand, Italian singer and actor (d. 1991)
1923 – Cyril Shaps, English actor (d. 2003)
1923 – Faas Wilkes, Dutch footballer (d. 2006)
1924 – Moturu Udayam, Indian woman's activist (d. 2002)
1924 – Terry Gibbs, American jazz vibraphonist and band leader
1925 – Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
1925 – Margaret Thatcher, English politician
1925 – Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)
1926 – Ray Brown, American jazz bassist (d. 2002)
1926 – Walter Kowalski (wrestler), Polish-Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2008)
1927 – Lee Konitz, American jazz saxophonist
1929 – Walasse Ting, Chinese-American painter (d. 2010)
1930 – Bruce Geller, American screenwriter and television producer (d. 1978)
1931 – Eddie Mathews, American baseball player (d. 2001)
1931 – Raymond Kopa, French footballer
1932 – Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
1932 – Johnny Lytle, jazz vibraphonist and drummer (d. 1995)
1933 – Raynald Frechette, Canadian politician and jurist (d. 2007)
1933 – Queen Narriman, Egyptian royalty (d. 2005)
1933 – Thomas Bingham, English jurist
1934 – Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer and politician
1935 – Etterlene DeBarge, gospel singer, songwriter, matriarch of the DeBarge family
1935 – Bruce Morrow, American radio personality
1936 – Chitti Babu, classical musician, Veena artiste from India
1937 – Sami Frey, French actor
1938 – Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)
1939 – T. J. Cloutier, American poker player
1939 – Melinda Dillon, American actress
1940 – Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
1941 – Paul Simon, American singer and musician (Simon & Garfunkel)
1942 – Jerry Jones, American football team owner
1942 – Rutanya Alda, American actress
1942 – Pamela Tiffin, American film actress
1942 – Bob Bailey, American baseball player
1942 – Walter McGowan, Scottish boxer
1943 – Mike Barnicle, American newspaper columnist
1944 – Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)
1945 – Christophe, French singer
1945 – Dési Bouterse, Surinamese politician
1945 – Susan Stafford, American hostess
1946 – Demond Wilson, American actor
1946 – Edwina Currie, British politician
1947 – Sammy Hagar, American singer (Van Halen)
1947 – Jerry Trupiano, American sports broadcaster
1947 – Alan Wakeman, English saxophonist (Soft Machine)
1948 – John Ford Coley, American musician
1948 – Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician and singer (d. 1997)
1948 – Lacy J. Dalton, country singer
1949 – Tom Mees, American sports broadcaster (d. 1996)
1949 – Patrick Nève, Belgian racing driver
1949 – Marisol Malaret, beauty pageant contestant
1949 – Rick Vito, American guitarist and singer
1949 – Leona Mitchell, African-American and Chickasaw operatic soprano
1950 – Mollie Katzen, American cookbook author
1950 – Simon Nicol, British guitarist, singer and multi-instrumentalist, member of Fairport Convention
1952 – Beverly Johnson, American supermodel
1952 – John Lone, Hong Kong actor
1953 – Pat Day, American jockey
1954 – George Frazier, American baseball player
1954 – Claude Ribbe, French historian
1954 – Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
1954 – Frank Dunn, American artist
1955 – John Ferenzik, American musician, keyboardist, guitarist and composer
1956 – Chris Carter, American television producer
1956 – Joseph Toal, Scottish religious figure
1957 – Reggie Theus, American basketball player and head coach
1958 – Maria Cantwell, American politician, junior senator of Washington
1958 – Derri Daugherty, American record producer, songwriter, guitarist and singer (The Choir, Lost Dogs)
1958 – Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer
1959 – Marie Osmond, American entertainer
1960 – Joey Belladonna, American musician (Anthrax)
1960 – Tim Brewster, American football coach
1960 – Ari Fleischer, American White House press secretary to George W. Bush
1960 – Peter Keisler, American attorney
1961 – Doc Rivers, American basketball player and coach
1962 – T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh, American actress
1962 – Kelly Preston, American actress
1962 – Jerry Rice, American football player
1963 – Colin Channer, Jamaican writer
1963 – Chip Foose, American automotive designer and fabricator
1963 – Scott Andrew Mink, American convicted murderer (d. 2004)
1964 – Allen Covert, American actor
1964 – Niè Haishèng, Chinese astronaut
1964 – Christopher Judge, American actor
1964 – Marco Travaglio, Italian journalist
1965 – Johan Museeuw, Belgian cyclist
1967 – Scott Cooper, American baseball player
1967 – Trevor Hoffman, American baseball player
1967 – Steve Vickers, English footballer
1967 – Kate Walsh, American actress
1967 – Javier Sotomayor, Cuban athlete
1968 – Tisha Campbell-Martin, American actress and singer
1968 – Carlos Marin, Spanish baritone (Il Divo)
1969 – Rhett Akins, American country singer
1969 – Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
1969 – Cady McClain, American actress
1970 – Serena Altschul, American reporter
1970 – Mel Jackson, American actor and musician
1970 – Rob Howley, Welsh rugby player
1970 – Paul Potts, British opera singer
1971 – Hitesh Modi, Kenyan cricketer
1971 – Sacha Baron Cohen, English comedian
1971 – Billy Bush, American TV host
1971 – Pyrros Dimas, Greek weightlifter
1971 – Luis Tosar, Spanish actor
1972 – Summer Sanders, American swimmer and sports broadcaster
1973 – Brian Dawkins, American football player
1973 – Peter Dumbreck, Scottish racing driver
1973 – Matt Hughes, American mixed martial artist
1973 – Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress
1974 – Hawick Lau, Chinese actor and singer
1977 – Gareth Batty, English cricketer
1977 – Benjamin Clapp, American drummer (Baptized By Fire, Skeleton Key, and Amfibian)
1977 – Antonio Di Natale, Italian football player
1977 – Justin Peroff, drummer for the Canadian indie rock collective Broken Social Scene
1977 – Paul Pierce, American basketball player
1977 – Kiele Sanchez, American actress
1978 – Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
1979 – Wes Brown, English footballer
1979 – Mamadou Niang, Senegalese footballer
1980 – Ashanti, American singer
1980 – David Haye, English boxer
1980 – Magne Hoseth, Norwegian footballer
1980 – Scott Parker, English footballer
1981 – Ryan Ashford, English footballer
1981 – Taylor Buchholz, American baseball player
1981 – Dimitris Mougios, Greek rower
1981 – Kele Okereke, English singer (Bloc Party)
1982 – Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
1982 – Antonio Pavanello, Italian rugby player
1984 – Coldmirror, the German web- and video-artist Kathrin Fricke
1984 – Misono, Japanese singer (Day After Tomorrow)
1984 – Frank Simek, American footballer
1986 – Gabriel Agbonlahor, English footballer
1986 – Sergio Pérez, Mexican footballer
1987 – Ashley Newbrough, American actress
1988 – Scott Jamieson, Australian footballer
1988 – Enrique Pérez, Mexican footballer
1989 – Breno Borges, Brazilian footballer
1992 – Aaron Dismuke, American voice actor
2000 – Aidan Burns, Cats

Deaths

54 – Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
1093 – Robert I, Count of Flanders
1282 – Nichiren Daishonin Japanese spiritual figure (b. 1222)
1415 – Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military officer (b. 1381)
1508 – Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)
1605 – Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
1673 – Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
1687 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
1694 – Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
1706 – Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
1715 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
1759 – John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
1788 – Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)
1812 – Sir Isaac Brock, British general (b. 1769)
1815 – Joachim Murat, French marshal (b. 1767)
1822 – Antonio Canova, Venetian sculptor (b. 1757)
1825 – Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (b. 1756)
1841 – Patrick Campbell, British naval officer (b. 1773)
1869 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
1882 – Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
1890 – Samuel Freeman Miller, American jurist (b. 1816)
1904 – Pavlos Melas, Greek military officer (b. 1870)
1905 – Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)
1909 – Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
1911 – Sister Nivedita, Scots-Irish social worker, author, teacher and disciple of Swami Vivekananda (b. 1867)
1917 – Florence La Badie, American actress (b. 1888)
1919 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1857)
1926 – Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian author and philologist (b. 1865)
1931 – Ernst Didring, Swedish author (b. 1868)
1938 – E.C. Segar, American cartoonist (Popeye) (b. 1894)
1945 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
1946 – Ole Sæther, Norwegian rifle shooter (b. 1870)
1950 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)
1955 – Manuel Ávila Camacho, Mexican politician (b. 1897)
1961 – Louis Rwagasore, Burundi politician (b. 1932)
1966 – Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)
1968 – Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
1971 – Stafford Smythe, Canadian NHL executive (b. 1921)
1973 – Albert Mandler, Israeli colonel, (b.1929)
1974 – Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
1979 – Rebecca Helferich Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
1981 – Antonio Berni, Argentine painter, illustrator and engraver (b. 1905)
1987 – Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)
1987 – Kishore Kumar, Indian singer (b. 1929)
1988 – Mike Venezia, American jockey (b. 1945)
1990 – Lê Ð?c Th?, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
1992 – Dantrell Davis, American gang shooting victim (b. 1985)
1993 – Wade Flemons, American soul singer (b. 1940)
1996 – Beryl Reid, British actress (b. 1919)
1998 – Dmitry Filippov, Russian - Soviet statesman, politician, industrialist (b.1944)
2000 – Jean Peters, American actress (b. 1926)
2001 – Peter Doyle, Australian pop singer (The New Seekers) (b. 1949)
2002 – Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
2003 – Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1918)
2004 – Enrique Fernando, Filipino jurist (b. 1915)
2005 – Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (b. 1942)
2006 – Wang Guangmei, wife of Liu Shaoqi (b. 1921)
2007 – Bob Denard, French mercenary (b. 1929)
2008 – Alexei Cherepanov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1989)
2008 – Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (b. 1971)
2009 – Stephen Barnett, American legal scholar (b. 1935)
2009 – Grietje Jansen-Anker, Dutch super-centenarian (b. 1897)
2009 – Al Martino, American singer and actor (b. 1927)
2010 – Vernon Biever, American photographer (b. 1923)
2011 – Barbara Kent, Canadian-born American silent film actress and WAMPAS Baby Stars (b. 1907)