today.nukz.net: Almanac October 25

Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, known as Pablo Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore.

Events

473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the Byzantine Empire.
1147 – The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a four-month siege.
1147 – Seljuk Turks completely annihilate German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
1415 – The army of Henry V of England defeats the French at the Battle of Agincourt.
1616 – Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
1747 – British fleet under Admiral Sir Edward Hawke defeats the French at the second battle of Cape Finisterre.
1760 – George III becomes King of Great Britain.
1812 – War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.
1828 – The St Katharine Docks opened in London.
1854 – The Battle of Balaklava during the Crimean War (Charge of the Light Brigade).
1861 – The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
1900 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1917 – Traditionally understood date of the October Revolution, involving the capture of the Winter Palace, Petrograd, Russia. The date refers to the Julian Calendar date, and corresponds with November 7 in the Gregorian calendar.
1920 – After 74 days on Hunger Strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney died.
1924 – The forged Zinoviev Letter is published in the Daily Mail, wrecking the British Labour Party's hopes of re-election.
1938 – The Archbishop of Dubuque, Francis J. L. Beckman, denounces swing music as "a degenerated musical system... turned loose to gnaw away at the moral fiber of young people", warning that it leads down a "primrose path to hell".
1940 – Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.
1944 – Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
1944 – The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine captain of World War II) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.
1944 – The Romanian Army liberates Carei, the last Romanian city under Axis Powers occupation.
1944 – Battle of Leyte Gulf, the largest naval battle in history, takes place in and around the Philippines between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the U.S. Third and U.S. Seventh Fleets.
1945 – The Republic of China takes over administration of Taiwan following Japan's surrender to the Allies.
1962 – Cuban missile crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows photos at the UN proving Soviet missiles are installed in Cuba.
1962 – Uganda joins the United Nations.
1962 – Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison.
1971 – The United Nations seated the People's Republic of China and expelled the Republic of China (see political status of Taiwan and China and the United Nations)
1977 – Digital Equipment Corporation releases OpenVMS V1.0.
1980 – Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague.
1983 – Operation Urgent Fury: The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.
1991 – History of Slovenia: Three months after the end of the Ten-Day War, the last soldier of the Yugoslav People's Army leaves the territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
1995 – A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.
1997 – After a brief civil war which has driven President Pascal Lissouba out of Brazzaville, Denis Sassou-Nguesso proclaims himself the President of the Republic of the Congo.
2004 – Fidel Castro, Cuba's President, announces that transactions using the American Dollar will be banned.
2009 – The 25 October 2009 Baghdad bombings kills 155 and wounds at least 721.
2010 – Mount Merapi in Central Java, Indonesia, begins over a month of eruptions.

Births

1102 – William Clito, Count of Flanders (d. 1128)
1330 – Louis II of Flanders (d. 1384)
1510 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)
1683 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
1709 – Georg Gebel (the younger), German musician and composer (d. 1753)
1759 – Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), Russian empress (d. 1828)
1759 – William Wyndham Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville, British politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1834)
1767 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (d. 1830)
1772 – Geraud Duroc, French general (d. 1813)
1782 – Levi Lincoln, Jr., 13th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1868)
1800 – Thomas Macaulay, British poet, historian, and politician (d. 1859)
1802 – Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strong man (d. 1864)
1806 – Max Stirner, German philosopher (d. 1856)
1811 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician (d. 1832)
1825 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer (d. 1899)
1838 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
1856 – Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger, Croatian paleontologist (d. 1936)
1864 – Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian composer (d. 1956)
1864 – John Francis Dodge, American automobile pioneer (d. 1920)
1867 – Józef Dowbór-Musnicki, Polish general (d. 1937)
1868 – Dan Burke, Major League Baseball player (d. 1933)
1877 – Adolf Möller, German rower (d. 1968)
1881 – Julius Frey, German swimmer (d. 1960)
1881 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1973)
1882 – John T. Flynn, American journalist and author (d. 1964)
1886 – Leo G. Carroll, English actor (d. 1972)
1888 – Richard E. Byrd, American explorer (d. 1957)
1888 – Nils von Dardel, Swedish painter (d. 1943)
1889 – Abel Gance, French film director (d. 1981)
1889 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball pitcher (d. 1985)
1891 – Father Coughlin, Roman Catholic priest and radio broadcaster (d. 1979)
1892 – Nell Shipman, Canadian actress, screenwriter, and film producer (d. 1970)
1894 – Âsik Veysel Satiroglu, Turkish minstrel (d. 1973)
1895 – Levi Eshkol, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1969)
1900 – Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian social activist (d. 1978)
1902 – Henry Steele Commager, American historian (d. 1998)
1902 – Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (d. 1933)
1903 – Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman (d. 1976)
1903 – Harry Shoulberg, American painter (d. 1995)
1908 – Edmond Pidoux, Swiss writer (d. 2004)
1910 – William Higinbotham, American physicist (d. 1994)
1912 – Minnie Pearl, American comedian and singer (d. 1996)
1913 – Klaus Barbie, Nazi war criminal (d. 1991)
1914 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)
1915 – Ivan M. Niven, Canadian mathematician (d. 1999)
1917 – Lee MacPhail, American baseball manager and league executive
1918 – Chubby Jackson, American jazz double-bassist and band leader (d. 2003)
1921 – King Michael I of Romania
1923 – Jean Duceppe, Quebec actor (d. 1990)
1923 – Bobby Thomson, Scotland born American baseball player (d. 2010)
1924 – Billy Barty, American actor (d. 2000)
1924 – Earl Palmer, American rock & roll and rhythm and blues drummer (d. 2008)
1924 – Henry Sy, Chinese-Filipino businessman
1925 – Clancy Lyall, American soldier (d. 2012)
1926 – Ismail Gulgee, Pakistani painter
1926 – Jimmy Heath, American jazz saxophonist, composer and arranger
1926 – Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian soprano
1927 – Barbara Cook, American singer and actress
1927 – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, former President of Uruguay
1927 – Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist (d. 1987)
1928 – Marion Ross, American actress
1928 – Anthony Franciosa, American actor (d. 2006)
1931 – Jimmy McIlroy, Irish footballer and football manager
1931 – Annie Girardot, French actress (d. 2011)
1932 – Harry Gregg, Irish footballer and football manager
1933 – Eugene "Porky" Lee, American child actor (d. 2005)
1935 – Sam Taylor, American jump blues musician and songwriter (d. 2009)
1935 – Russell Schweickart, American astronaut
1936 – Sir Martin Gilbert, British historian
1936 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress
1937 – Roberto Menescal, Brazilian jazz guitarist important to founding of bossa nova
1939 – Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player
1939 – Fred Marcellino, American illustrator (d. 2001)
1939 – Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek film director and a writer (d. 2007)
1939 – Robin Spry, Canadian filmmaker and producer (d. 2005)
1940 – Bobby Knight, American basketball coach
1941 – Helen Reddy, Australian singer
1941 – Anne Tyler, American novelist
1944 – Jon Anderson, English singer (Yes)
1944 – James Carville, American political strategist and commentator
1944 – Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer
1945 – Peter Ledger, Australian artist (d. 1994)
1947 – Glenn Tipton, English guitarist (Judas Priest)
1947 – Coco Robicheaux, American blues musician (d. 2011)
1948 – Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach
1948 – Daniel Mark Epstein, American poet and biographer
1948 – Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach
1948 – Dan Issel, American basketball player
1949 – Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player
1949 – Walter Hyatt, American singer and songwriter, leader of Uncle Walt's Band (d. 1996)
1949 – Hans-Georg Kraus, German footballer
1950 – Chris Norman, English singer
1951 – Richard Lloyd, American guitarist (Television)
1952 – Samir Geagea, Lebanese Politician
1952 – Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (d. 2004)
1952 – Mollie O'Brien, American singer, sister of Tim O'Brien
1954 – Mike Eruzione, American hockey player
1954 – David Worrall, Australian composer and polymedia artist
1955 – Glynis Barber, English actress
1955 – Danny Darwin, American baseball player
1955 – Robin Eubanks, American jazz trombonist
1955 – Matthias Jabs, German guitarist (Scorpions)
1956 – Paul Regina, American actor (d. 2006)
1957 – Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress
1958 – Phil Daniels, English actor
1958 – Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer
1960 – Christina Amphlett, lead vocalist for The Divinyls
1961 – Ward Burton, American auto racer
1961 – Chad Smith, American drummer (Red Hot Chili Peppers)
1961 – Janice Tanton, Canadian artist
1961 – Willie Walsh, Irish businessman
1962 – Nick Hancock, British television presenter
1962 – Darlene Vogel, American actress
1963 – Tracy Nelson, American actress
1964 – Michael Boatman, American actor
1964 – Nicole, German singer
1964 – Kevin Michael Richardson, American voice actor
1965 – Þorsteinn Bachmann, Icelandic actor
1965 – 2 Cold Scorpio, American professional wrestler
1966 – Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player
1966 – Perry Satullo, American professional wrestler
1969 – Josef Beranek, Czech ice hockey player
1969 – Nika Futterman, American voice actress
1969 – Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer
1970 – J.A. Adande, American sports columnist
1970 – Peter Aerts, Dutch kickboxer and martial artist
1970 – Adam Goldberg, American actor
1970 – Adam Pascal, American actor
1970 – Ed Robertson, Canadian musician (Barenaked Ladies)
1970 – Daniel Scheinhardt, German footballer
1970 – Chely Wright, American country music artist
1971 – Simon Charlton, English footballer
1971 – Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
1971 – Neil Fallon, Lead singer of Clutch (band)
1971 – Midori Goto, Japanese violinist
1971 – Rosie Ledet, Creole Zydeco accordion player and singer
1971 – Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
1972 – Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor
1973 – Lamont Bentley, American actor (d. 2005)
1974 – Lee Byung-Kyu, South Korean baseball player
1974 – Goya Jaekel, German footballer
1975 – Ryan Clement, former XFL quarterback
1975 – Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian musician
1975 – Zadie Smith, British novelist
1976 – Brett Kirk, Australian Rules footballer
1976 – Steve Jones, Irish footballer
1977 – Yehonathan Gatro, Israeli singer and actor
1977 – Birgit Prinz, German footballer
1978 – Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer
1978 – Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish athlete
1979 – Rob Hulse, English footballer
1979 – Bat for Lashes, British singer
1979 – Milena Roucka, Canadian professional wrestler
1979 – Sarah Thompson, American actress
1979 – Tony Torcato, American baseball player
1979 – Eddie Argos, British songwriter & musician
1980 – Mehcad Brooks, American actor and former model
1981 – Josh Henderson, American actor and singer
1981 – Jerome Isaac Jones, American singer
1981 – Austin Winkler, American lead vocalist (Hinder)
1981 – Jon Wood, American NASCAR driver
1981 – Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer
1982 – Jerome Carter, American football player
1982 – Eman Lam, Hong Kong singer
1983 – Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress
1983 – Taylor Vixen, American pornographic actress
1983 – Tim McGarigle, American football player
1983 – Gyptian, Jamaican reggae singer
1984 – Sara Helena Lumholdt, Swedish musician (A-Teens)
1984 – Katy Perry, American singer
1984 – Iván Ramis, Spanish footballer
1984 – Ayten Efendiyeva, Azerbaijani Tevezush
1985 – Ciara, American singer
1985 – Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer and Olympian
1985 – Daniele Padelli, Italian footballer
1986 – DJ Webstar, American disc jockey
1986 – Eddie Gaven, American soccer player
1987 – Darron Gibson, Irish footballer
1987 – Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast and Olympic medallist
1988 – Shane Edwards, Australian Rules footballer
1989 – Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer
1993 – Kelley Missal, American actress
2001 – Princess Elisabeth of Belgium
2006 – Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian craniopagus conjoined twins

Deaths

304 – Pope Marcellinus
625 – Pope Boniface V
1047 – King Magnus I of Norway (b. 1024)
1154 – King Stephen of England (b. 1096)
1200 – Conrad of Wittelsbach, German Archbishop
1230 – Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (b. 1180)
1400 – Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet
1415 – Killed in the Battle of Agincourt:
- Charles d'Albret, Count of Dreux and Constable of France
- John I of Alençon (b. 1385)
- Antoine, Duke of Brabant (b. 1384)
- Frederick of Lorraine (b. 1371)
- Philip II, Count of Nevers (b. 1389)
- Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (b. 1394)
- Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York (b. 1373)
1478 – Katarina Kosaca, queen consort of Bosnia
1492 – Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish Catholic bishop
1495 – King John II of Portugal (b. 1455)
1514 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)
1555 – Olympia Fulvia Morata, Italian classical scholar (b. 1526)
1557 – William Cavendish, English politician (b. 1505)
1633 – Jean Titelouze, French organist
1647 – Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (b. 1608)
1683 – William Scroggs, Lord Chief Justice of England
1733 – Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (b. 1667)
1757 – Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (b. 1672)
1760 – George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
1773 – Johann Georg Estor, German jurist (b. 1699)
1806 – Henry Knox, American general and politician (b. 1750)
1826 – Philippe Pinel, French psychiatrist (b. 1745)
1833 – Abbas Mirza of Persia (b. 1789)
1852 – John C. Clark, American politician (b. 1793)
1889 – Émile Augier, French dramatist (b. 1820)
1895 – Charles Hallé, German pianist and conductor (b. 1819)
1905 – Dimosthenis Dogkas, Greek politician (unknown)
1910 – Willie Anderson, Scottish-born golfer (b. 1878)
1920 – King Alexander I of Greece (b. 1893)
1920 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright and activist (b. 1879)
1921 – Bat Masterson, American journalist and lawman (b. 1853)
1936 – Antonios Miaoulis, Greek politician and revolutionary leader during the Greek War of Independence (b. 1800)
1938 – Alfonsina Storni, Argentine poet (b. 1892)
1945 – Robert Ley, German Nazi leader (b. 1890)
1953 – Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist (b. 1867)
1955 – Sadako Sasaki, Japanese atomic bomb victim (b. 1943)
1957 – Albert Anastasia, Italian-born American organized crime figure (b. 1902)
1957 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish writer (b. 1878)
1960 – Harry Ferguson, Irish farm equipment manufacturer (b. 1884)
1962 – Louis Abell, American rower (b. 1884)
1963 – Roger Désormière, French conductor (b. 1898)
1963 – Karl Terzaghi, Austrian-American engineer (b. 1883)
1965 – Eduard Einstein, son of Albert Einstein (b. 1910)
1973 – Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian athlete (b. 1932)
1973 – Cleo Moore, American actress (b. 1928)
1973 – Robert Scholl, German politician, father of Hans and Sophie Scholl (b. 1891)
1975 – Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (b. 1937)
1976 – Raymond Queneau, French poet and novelist (b. 1903)
1979 – Field Marshal Sir Gerald Templer, British military administrator (b. 1898)
1980 – Virgil Fox, American organist (b. 1912)
1980 – Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and lyricist (b. 1921)
1985 – Gary Holton, English actor (b. 1952)
1986 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (b. 1919)
1991 – Bill Graham, American rock promoter (b. 1931)
1992 – Roger Miller, American musician and composer (b. 1936)
1993 – Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer/songwriter (b. 1958)
1993 – Vincent Price, American actor (b. 1911)
1994 – Kara Spears Hultgreen, American naval pilot (b. 1965)
1994 – Mildred Natwick, American actress (b. 1905)
1995 – Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (b. 1918)
1995 – Viveca Lindfors, Swedish-born actress (b. 1920)
1998 – Warren Wiebe, American singer (b. 1953)
1999 – Payne Stewart, American golfer (b. 1957)
2002 – Richard Harris, Irish actor (b. 1930)
2002 – Paul Wellstone, American politician (b. 1944)
2002 – René Thom, French mathematician (b. 1923)
2003 – Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher and spiritual figure (b. 1920)
2003 – Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish cross-country skier (b. 1925)
2003 – Robert Strassburg, American composer (b. 1915)
2004 – John Peel, British disc jockey (b. 1939)
2005 – Wellington Mara, American football team owner (b. 1916)
2006 – Danny Rolling, American convicted murderer (b. 1954)
2007 – Martín Caballero, Colombian guerrilla leader
2008 – Anne Pressly, American news anchor (b. 1982)
2010 – Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican musician (b. 1951)
2010 – Vesna Parun, Croatian poet (b. 1922)
2010 – Lisa Blount, American actress and producer (b. 1957)