today.nukz.net: Almanac October 6

Fannie Lou Hamer (born Fannie Lou Townsend; October 6, 1917 – March 14, 1977) was an American voting rights activist and civil rights leader. She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and later became the Vice-Chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, attending the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in that capacity. Her plain-spoken manner and fervent belief in the Biblical righteousness of her cause gained her a reputation as an electrifying speaker and constant activist of civil rights.

Events

105 BC – Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus.
69 BC – Battle of Tigranocerta: Forces of the Roman Republic defeat the army of the Kingdom of Armenia led by King Tigranes the Great.
68 BC – Battle of Artaxata: Lucullus averts the bad omen of this day by defeating Tigranes the Great of Armenia.
404 – Byzantine Empress Eudoxia has her seventh and last pregnancy which ends in a miscarriage. She is left bleeding and dies of an infection shortly after.
1582 – Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day is skipped in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1600 – Jacopo Peri's Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance in Florence, signifying the beginning of the Baroque Period
1683 – German immigrant families found Germantown in the colony of Pennsylvania, marking the first major immigration of German people to America.
1762 – Seven Years' War: conclusion of the Battle of Manila between Britain and Spain, which resulted in the British occupation of Manila for the rest of the war.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: General Sir Henry Clinton leads British forces in the capture of Continental Army Hudson River defenses in the Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery.
1789 – French Revolution: Louis XVI returns to Paris from Versailles after being confronted by the Parisian women on 5 October
1849 – The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.
1854 – England: The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead starts shortly after midnight, leading to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.
1876 – The American Library Association was founded.
1884 – The Naval War College of the United States Navy is founded in Newport, Rhode Island.
1889 – American inventor Thomas Edison shows his first motion picture.
1903 – The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.
1908 – Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1910 – Eleftherios Venizelos is elected Prime Minister of Greece for the first time (7 times in total).
1923 – The great powers of World War I withdraw from Istanbul
1927 – Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent talking movie.
1939 – World War II: Germany's invasion of Poland ends with the surrender of Polesia army after the Battle of Kock
1942 – World War II: The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.
1945 – Baseball: Billy Sianis and his pet billy goat are ejected from Wrigley Field during Game 4 of the 1945 World Series (see Curse of the Billy Goat).
1973 – Egypt launches a coordinated attack with Syria against Israel leading to the Yom Kippur War.
1976 – Cubana Flight 455 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean shortly after taking off from Bridgetown, Barbados after two bombs, placed on board by terrorists with connections to the CIA, exploded. All 73 people on board are killed.
1976 – New Premier Hua Guofeng orders the arrest of the Gang of Four and associates and ends the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China.
1976 – Massacre of students gathering at Thammasat University in Bangkok, Thailand to protest the return of ex-dictator Thanom, by a coalition of right-wing paramilitary and government forces, triggering the return of the military to government.
1977 – In Alicante, Spain, fascists attack a group of MCPV militants and sympathizers, and one MCPV sympathizer is killed.
1977 – The first prototype of the MiG-29, designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight.
1979 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House.
1981 – Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat is assassinated.
1985 – PC Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London.
1987 – Fiji becomes a republic.
1995 – 51 Pegasi is discovered to be the second major star apart from the Sun to have a planet orbiting around it.
2000 – Yugoslav president Slobodan Miloševic resigns.
2000 – Argentine vice president Carlos Álvarez resigns.
2002 – The French oil tanker Limburg is bombed off Yemen.
2007 – Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the globe.

Births

1289 – King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (d. 1306)
1459 – Martin Behaim, German navigator and geographer (d. 1507)
1510 – Rowland Taylor, English clergyman (d. 1555)
1510 – John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)
1552 – Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit missionary (d. 1610)
1573 – Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, English patron of the theater (d. 1624)
1591 – Settimia Caccini, Italian composer and singer (d. 1638)
1610 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier (d. 1690)
1716 – George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman (d. 1771)
1732 – John Broadwood, Scottish founder of the piano manufacturer Broadwood and Sons (d. 1812)
1738 – Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (d. 1789)
1744 – James McGill, Scottish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1813)
1767 – Henri Christophe, king of Haiti (d. 1820)
1769 – Sir Isaac Brock, British soldier (d. 1812)
1773 – King Louis-Philippe of France (d. 1850)
1801 – Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman (d. 1888)
1803 – Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, German physicist (d. 1879)
1820 – Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (d. 1887)
1831 – Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (d. 1916)
1838 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (d. 1910)
1846 – George Westinghouse, American engineer and inventor (d. 1914)
1866 – Reginald Fessenden, Canadian-born inventor and radio pioneer (d. 1932)
1872 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (d. 1936)
1874 – Frank G. Allen, 51st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1950)
1876 – Ernest Lapointe, French-Canadian politician (d. 1941)
1882 – Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer and pianist (d. 1937)
1886 – Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (d. 1960)
1887 – Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (d. 1965)
1888 – Roland Garros, French pilot (d. 1918)
1890 – Jan Grijseels, Dutch track and field athlete (d. 1961)
1892 – Jackie Saunders, American silent film actress (d. 1954)
1895 – Caroline Gordon, American writer and critic (d. 1981)
1897 – Florence Siebert, American medical researcher (d. 1991)
1900 – Willy Merkl, German mountaineer (d. 1934)
1900 – Stan Nichols, English cricketer (d. 1961)
1903 – Ernest Walton, Irish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
1905 – Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d. 1998)
1906 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (d. 1984)
1908 – Carole Lombard, American actress (d. 1942)
1908 – Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, Russian mathematician (d. 1989)
1910 – Barbara Castle, British politician (d. 2002)
1912 – Perkins Bass, American politician and former Member of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire (d. 2011)
1914 – Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)
1914 – Joan Littlewood, British theatre director (d. 2002)
1915 – Alice Timander, Swedish dentist (d. 2007)
1916 – Chiang Wei-kuo, adopted son of Chiang Kai Shek and Chinese Kuomintang military commander. (d. 1997)
1915 – Carolyn Goodman, American psychologist and civil rights activist (d. 2007)
1917 – Fannie Lou Hamer, American civil rights activist (d. 1977)
1918 – Goh Keng Swee, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2010)
1918 – André Pilette, Belgian racing driver (d. 1993)
1920 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (d. 2005)
1920 – Lord Donaldson of Lymington, British judge (d. 2005)
1921 – Yevgeniy Landis, Russian mathematician (d. 1997)
1921 – Joseph Lowery, American Civil rights movement leader
1922 – Joe Frazier, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1925 – Shana Alexander, American columnist (d. 2005)
1927 – Bill King, American sports broadcaster (d. 2005)
1930 – Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (d. 2000)
1930 – Richie Benaud, Australian cricketer
1931 – Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, Russian astronomer (d. 2004)
1931 – Riccardo Giacconi, Italian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1935 – Bruno Sammartino, Italian strongman and professional wrestler
1935 – Charito Solis, Filipino actress (d. 1998)
1938 – Serge Nubret, French bodybuilder (d. 2011)
1939 – John LaFalce, American politician, and former Member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
1939 – Jack Cullen, American baseball player
1940 – Jan Keizer, Dutch referee
1940 – Ellen Travolta, American actress
1942 – Britt Ekland, Swedish actress
1943 – Michael Durrell, American actor
1943 – Alexander Maxovich Shilov, Russian painter
1944 – Boris Mikhailov, Soviet ice hockey player
1944 – José Carlos Pace, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1977)
1945 – Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
1946 – Eddie Villanueva, JIL Spiritual Director, Owner of ZOE Broadcasting Network
1946 – Lloyd Doggett, American politician and Member of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
1946 – Vinod Khanna, Indian actor
1946 – Tony Greig, South African–born English cricketer
1946 – Millie Small, Jamaican singer
1947 – Patxi Andión, Spanish singer-songwriter
1948 – Gerry Adams, Northern Irish politician
1948 – Glenn Branca, American musician
1949 – Leslie Moonves, American businessman
1949 – Nicolas Peyrac, French composer, lyricist and singer
1950 – David Brin, American author
1951 – Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (d. 1985)
1951 – Kevin Cronin, American musician (REO Speedwagon)
1952 – Ayten Mutlu, Turkish poet and writer
1952 – Jürgen Schulz, German footballer
1953 – Klaas Bruinsma, Dutch drug lord (d. 1991)
1954 – David Hidalgo, American musician (Los Lobos, Latin Playboys)
1954 – Darrell M. West, American political scientist
1955 – Tony Dungy, American football coach
1956 – Sadiq al-Ahmar, Yemeni politician
1956 – Kathleen Webb, American comic book writer and artist
1958 – Joseph Finder, American novelist
1959 – Brian Higgins, American politician, and Member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
1959 – Dennis Ray Boyd, American baseball player
1959 – Walter Ray Williams Jr., American bowler and horseshoes champion
1962 – Rich Yett, baseball player
1963 – Elisabeth Shue, American film actress
1963 – Jsu Garcia, American actor
1964 – Ricky Berry, American basketball player (d. 1989)
1964 – Matthew Sweet, American musician
1964 – Tom Jager, American swimmer
1965 – Rubén Sierra, Puerto Rican baseball player
1965 – Steve Scalise, American politician
1966 – Niall Quinn, Irish footballer
1966 – Jacqueline Obradors, American actress
1967 – Kennet Andersson, former Swedish footballer
1967 – Svend Karlsen, Norwegian strongman
1968 – Bjarne Goldbæk, Danish footballer
1969 – Troy Shaw, English snooker player
1969 – Adrienne Nesser, Billie Joe Armstrongs wife
1970 – Darren Oliver, American baseball player
1970 – Amy Jo Johnson, American actress and singer
1970 – Shauna MacDonald, Canadian actress
1971 – Phil Bennett, British racing driver
1971 – Lola Dueñas, Spanish actress
1971 – Takis Gonias, Greek footballer
1971 – Alan Stubbs, English footballer
1972 – Ko So-young, South Korean actress
1972 – Anders Iwers, Swedish musician
1972 – Ryu Shi-won, South Korean actor and singer
1972 – Mark Schwarzer, Australian footballer
1973 – Sylvain Legwinski, French footballer
1973 – Jeff Davis, American comedian
1973 – Ioan Gruffudd, Welsh actor
1973 – Rebecca Lobo, American basketball player
1974 – Walter Centeno, Costa Rican footballer
1974 – Alexis Georgoulis, Greek actor
1974 – Kenny Jönsson, Swedish hockey player
1974 – Jeremy Sisto, American actor
1975 – Reon King, West Indian cricketer from Guyana
1976 – Barbie Hsu, Taiwanese actress and singer
1976 – Magdalena Kucerová, German tennis player
1976 – Stefan Postma, Dutch football goalkeepr
1977 – Danny Brière, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Melinda Doolittle, American singer and recording artist
1977 – Shimon Gershon, Israeli footballer
1977 – Vladimir Manchev, Bulgarian footballer
1977 – Wes Ramsey, American actor
1978 – Carolina Gynning, Swedish model, actress and television presenter
1978 – Ricky Hatton, English boxer
1979 – Pascal van Assendelft, Dutch sprinter
1979 – David Di Tommaso, French footballer (d. 2005)
1979 – Richard Seymour, American football player
1979 – Lex Shrapnel, English actor
1980 – Abdoulaye Méïté, French footballer
1981 – Zurab Khizanishvili, Georgian footballer
1981 – José Luis Perlaza, Ecuadorian footballer
1982 – Michael Arden, American actor
1982 – Levon Aronian, Armenian chess Grandmaster
1982 – William Butler, Musician and member of Arcade Fire
1982 – Meiyang Ch?ng, Indian actor, singer, anchor and dancer
1982 – MC Lars, American hip-hop artist
1982 – Fábio Júnior dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
1982 – Bronagh Waugh, Northern Irish actress
1982 – Paul Smith, English boxer
1983 – Renata Vorácová, Czech tennis player
1984 – Joanna Pacitti, American actress and singer
1984 – Morne Morkel, South African cricketer
1985 – Sylvia Fowles, American basketball player
1986 – Tereza Kerndlová, Czech singer
1986 – Mohammad Shukri, Malaysian cricketer
1986 – Olivia Thirlby, American actress
1988 – Maki Horikita, Japanese model and actress
1989 – Pizzi, Portuguese footballer
1991 – Roshon Fegan, American actor
1995 – Jessica Lunsford, American kidnapping victim (d. 2005)
1998 – Mia-Sophie Wellenbrink, German actress and singer

Deaths

404 – Aelia Eudoxia, Roman empress and consort of Arcadius
836 – Saint Nicetas the Patrician, Byzantine official and iconophile monk (b. 761/2)
869 – Ermentrude of Orléans, consort of Charles the Bald (b. 823)
877 – Charles the Bald (b. 823)
1014 – Samuil of Bulgaria (b. 958)
1101 – Bruno of Cologne, German founder of the Carthusian order
1413 – Dawit I of Ethiopia (b. 1382)
1542 – Thomas Wyatt, English poet (b. 1503)
1641 – Matthijs Quast, Dutch explorer
1644 – Elisabeth of Bourbon, consort of Philip IV of Spain (b. 1602)
1660 – Paul Scarron, French writer
1661 – Guru Har Rai, seventh Sikh Guru (b. 1630)
1688 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (b. 1652)
1739 – Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon and ancestress of the Heir to the Belgian throne (b. 1684)
1762 – Francesco Manfredini, Italian composer (b. 1684)
1819 – Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (b. 1751)
1829 – Pierre Derbigny, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1769)
1836 – Johannes Jelgerhuis, Dutch painter (b. 1770)
1873 – Sir Paul Edmund de Strzelecki, Polish explorer and geologist (b. 1797)
1883 – Emperor Duc Duc (pronounced "dzup-duc"), the fifth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguy?n Dynasty (b. 1852)
1891 – Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish politician (b. 1846)
1892 – Alfred Lord Tennyson, British poet (b. 1809)
1912 – Auguste Marie François Beernaert, Belgian statesman and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1829)
1945 – Leonardo Conti, Nazi physician (b. 1900)
1947 – Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (b. 1887)
1951 – Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-born physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1884)
1951 – Will Keith Kellogg, American food manufacturer (b. 1860)
1953 – William Burns, Canadian lacrosse player (b. 1875)
1959 – Bernard Berenson, American art historian (b. 1865)
1962 – Tod Browning, American film director (b. 1880)
1968 – Phyllis Nicolson, British mathematician (b. 1917)
1973 – François Cevert, French race car driver (b. 1944)
1973 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (b. 1895)
1973 – Dick Laan, Dutch children's writer and film pioneer (b. 1894)
1973 – Dennis Price, English actor (b. 1915)
1974 – Helmuth Koinigg, Austrian Formula One driver (b. 1948)
1976 – Gilbert Ryle, British philosopher (b. 1900)
1977 – Danny Greene, Irish-American mobster from Cleveland (b. 1933)
1979 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (b. 1911)
1980 – Hattie Jacques, British comedy actress (b. 1922)
1980 – Jean Robic, French cyclist (b. 1921)
1981 – Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1918)
1983 – Terence Cooke, American cardinal archbishop (b. 1921)
1985 – Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (b. 1921)
1986 – Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician (b. 1921)
1989 – Bette Davis, American actress (b. 1908)
1991 – Igor Talkov, Russian musician (b. 1956)
1992 – Denholm Elliott, English actor (b. 1922)
1992 – Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer (b. 1902)
1993 – Larry Walters, American "lawn chair" pilot (b. 1949)
1995 – Benoît Chamoux, French climber (b. 1961)
1997 – Johnny Vander Meer, American baseball player (b. 1914)
1998 – Mark Belanger, American baseball player (b. 1944)
1999 – Amalia Rodrigues, Portuguese singer and actress (b. 1920)
1999 – Gorilla Monsoon, American professional wrestler/commentator (b. 1937)
2000 – Richard Farnsworth, American actor (b. 1920)
2001 – Arne Harris, American television sports director (b. 1934)
2002 – Claus van Amsberg, German born Prince Consort of the Netherlands (b. 1926)
2004 – Marvin Santiago. Puerto Rican salsa singer (b. 1947)
2006 – Bertha Brouwer, Dutch athlete (b. 1930)
2006 – Eduardo Mignogna, Argentinian film director (b. 1940)
2006 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player (b. 1911)
2006 – Wilson Tucker, American writer (b. 1914)
2007 – Bud Ekins, American stuntman (b. 1930)
2007 – L. M. Singhvi, Indian jurist and writer (b. 1931)
2007 – Babasaheb Bhosale, Indian politician (d. 1921)
2008 – Kim Ji-hoo, South Korean actor and model (b. 1985)
2008 – Peter Cox, Australian politician (b. 1925)
2009 – Douglas Campbell, Scottish born Canadian actor (b. 1922)
2010 – Antonie Kamerling, Dutch actor and singer (b. 1966)
2010 – Colette Renard, French actress and singer (b. 1924)
2010 – Piet Wijn, Dutch comics creator (b. 1929)
2011 – Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan, Bahraini protester killed by security forces (b. 1994)
2012 – Raoul De Keyser, Belgian painter (b. 1930)