today.nukz.net: Almanac November 13

Dorothea Christiane Erxleben née Leporin (13 November 1715, Quedlinburg – 13 June 1762 in Quedlinburg) was the first female medical doctor in Germany. Erxleben was instructed in medicine by her father from an early age. The Italian scientist Laura Bassi's university professorship inspired Erxleben to fight for her right to practise medicine. In 1742 she published a tract arguing that women should be allowed to attend university.

Events

1002 – English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.
1160 – Louis VII of France marries Adele of Champagne.
1642 – First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green – the Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal, Quebec.
1841 – James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.
1851 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliot Bay to what would become Seattle, Washington.
1864 – The new Constitution of Greece is adopted.
1887 – Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.
1901 – The 1901 Caister Lifeboat Disaster.
1914 – Zaian War: Berber tribesmen inflict the heaviest defeat of French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
1916 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.
1918 – Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
1927 – The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.
1941 – World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U-81, sinking the following day.
1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal – U.S. and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Battle of Guadalcanal.
1947 – The Soviet Union completes development of the AK-47, one of the first proper assault rifles.
1950 – General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela, is assassinated in Caracas.
1954 – Great Britain defeats France to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectators.
1956 – The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
1965 – The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau with the loss of 90 lives.
1966 – In response to Fatah raids against Israelis near the West Bank border, Israel launches an attack on the village of As-Samu.
1969 – Vietnam War: Anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C. stage a symbolic March Against Death.
1970 – Bhola cyclone: A 150-mph tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people in one night. This is regarded as the 20th century's worst natural disaster.
1982 – Ray Mancini defeats Duk Koo Kim in a boxing match held in Las Vegas, Nevada. Kim's subsequent death (on November 17) leads to significant changes in the sport.
1982 – The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
1985 – The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts and melts a glacier, causing a lahar (volcanic mudslide) that buries Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people.
1985 – Xavier Suarez is sworn in as Miami, Florida's first Cuban-born mayor.
1986 – The Compact of Free Association becomes law, granting the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands independence from the United States.
1988 – Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian law student in Portland, Oregon is beaten to death by members of the Neo-Nazi group East Side White Pride.
1990 – In Aramoana, New Zealand, David Gray shoots dead 13 people, in what becomes known as the Aramoana Massacre.
1992 – The High Court of Australia rules in Dietrich v The Queen that although there is no absolute right to have publicly funded counsel, in most circumstances a judge should grant any request for an adjournment or stay when an accused is unrepresented.
1994 – In a referendum voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union.
1995 – A truck-bomb explodes outside of a US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing five Americans and two Indians. A group called the Islamic Movement for Change claims responsibility.
2000 – Philippine House Speaker Manuel B. Villar, Jr. passes the articles of impeachment against Philippine President Joseph Estrada.
2001 – War on Terrorism: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.
2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441.
2002 – The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician coast and causes a huge oil spill.
2007 – The Russian Federation officially withdraws from the Soviet-era Batumi military base, Georgia.

Births

354 – Saint Augustine of Hippo, North African theologian (d. 430)
532 – Augustine of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 604)
1312 – King Edward III of England (d. 1377)
1486 – Johann Eck, German theologian (d. 1543)
1504 – Philipp I of Hesse (d. 1567)
1572 – Cyril Lucaris, Greek theologian (d. 1638)
1699 – Jan Zach, Czech composer and musician (d. 1773)
1710 – Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist (d. 1792)
1714 – William Shenstone, English poet (d. 1763)
1715 – Dorothea Erxleben, German, first female medical doctor (d. 1762)
1732 – John Dickinson, American lawyer and Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (d. 1808)
1760 – Jiaqing Emperor of China (d. 1820)
1761 – John Moore, British general (d. 1809)
1782 – Esaias Tegnér, Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop (d. 1846)
1780 – Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire) (d. 1839)
1801 – Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, queen of Prussia (d. 1873)
1801 – Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, queen of Saxony (d. 1877)
1809 – John A. Dahlgren, American Navy admiral (d. 1870)
1814 – Joseph Hooker, American General (d. 1879)
1826 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (d. 1895)
1833 – Edwin Booth, American actor (d. 1893)
1837 – James T. Rapier, American politician (d. 1883)
1838 – Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (d. 1918)
1841 – Edward Burd Grubb, Jr., American Civil War Brevet Brigadier General (d. 1913)
1848 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (d. 1922)
1850 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)
1853 – John Drew Jr., American actor (d. 1927)
1854 – George Whitefield Chadwick, American composer (d. 1931)
1856 – Louis Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1941)
1866 – Abraham Flexner, American educator (d. 1959)
1869 – Helene Stöcker, German feminist, pacifist and publicist (d. 1943)
1869 – Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams, Russian feminist (d. 1962)
1872 – Leon Leonwood Bean, American inventor, author, outdoor enthusiast, founder of L.L.Bean (d. 1967)
1878 – Max Dehn, German mathematician (d. 1952)
1879 – John Grieb, American gymnast and athlete (d. 1939)
1881 – Carl Schenstrøm, Danish actor (d. 1942)
1883 – Oscar Brockmeyer, American soccer player (d. 1954)
1883 – Leo Goodwin, American freestyle swimmer, diver and water polo player (d. 1957)
1886 – Mary Wigman, German dancer and choreographer (d. 1973)
1893 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
1894 – Artur Nebe, German SS officer (d. 1945)
1897 – Gertrude Olmstead, American actress (d. 1975)
1899 – Iskander Mirza, First President of Pakistan (d. 1969)
1900 – Edward Buzzell, American film director (d. 1985)
1904 – H. C. Potter, American film and theater director (d. 1977)
1906 – Hermione Baddeley, English actress (d. 1986)
1906 – Eva Zeisel, American industrial designer (d. 2011)
1907 – Giovanna of Italy, tsaritsa of Bulgaria (d. 2000)
1908 – C. Vann Woodward, American historian (d. 1999)
1910 – William Bradford Huie, American writer and publisher (d. 1986)
1910 – Pat Reid, British Army officer and Colditz escapee (d. 1990)
1911 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player (d. 2006)
1913 – Jack Dyer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2003)
1913 – Lon Nol, Cambodian politician (d. 1985)
1913 – Helen Mack, American actress (d. 1986)
1913 – Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
1914 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)
1917 – Robert Sterling, American actor (d. 2006)
1917 – Vasantdada Patil, Indian politician (d. 1989)
1918 – George Grant, Canadian philosopher (d. 1988)
1921 – Chabua Amirejibi, Georgian writer
1922 – Jack Narz, American game show host (d. 2008)
1922 – Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (d. 1984)
1924 – Linda Christian, Mexican-born actress (d. 2011)
1924 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (d. 1994)
1926 – Harry Hughes, 57th Governor of Maryland
1927 – Billy Klüver, American scientist (d. 2004)
1928 – Steve Bilko, American baseball player (d. 1978)
1929 – Fred Phelps, American pastor
1929 – Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 46th Yokozuna (d. 1988)
1931 – Andrée Lachapelle, French Canadian actress
1932 – Willie Edwards, Murder victim/killed by KKK members (d. 1957)
1932 – Richard Mulligan, American actor (d. 2000)
1934 – Peter Arnett, New Zealand-born American journalist
1934 – Jimmy Fontana, Italian actor, composer and singer
1934 – Garry Marshall, American producer, director, writer, and actor
1935 – Tom Atkins, American actor
1935 – P. Susheela, Indian singer
1935 – George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury
1938 – Gérald Godin, French Canadian poet and politician (d. 1994)
1938 – Jean Seberg, American actress (d. 1979)
1939 – Karel Brückner, Czech football manager
1939 – Idris Muhammad, American jazz drummer
1940 – Saul Kripke, American philosopher and logician
1940 – Daniel Pilon, Canadian actor
1941 – Eberhard Diepgen, German politician
1941 – David Green, entrepreneur
1941 – Dack Rambo, American actor (d. 1994)
1941 – Mel Stottlemyre, American baseball player and coach
1942 – John Hammond, American musician
1943 – André-Gilles Fortin, Canadian politician (d. 1977)
1943 – Roberto Boninsegna, Italian footballer
1943 – Jay Sigel, American golfer
1944 – Timmy Thomas, American musician
1945 – John B. Craig, American diplomat
1945 – Masahiro Hasemi, Japanese racing driver
1947 – Toy Caldwell, American guitarist (The Marshall Tucker Band) (d. 1993)
1947 – Gene Garber, American baseball player
1947 – Amory Lovins, American environmentalist and author
1947 – Joe Mantegna, American actor
1948 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi novelist and film-maker
1949 – Yoshimi Ishibashi, Japanese racing driver
1949 – Terry Reid, English singer
1950 – Mary Lou Metzger, American singer (The Lawrence Welk Show)
1950 – Gilbert Perreault, Canadian ice hockey player
1951 – Pini Gershon, Israeli basketball coach
1952 – Art Malik, Pakistani-born English actor
1953 – Frances Conroy, American actress
1953 – Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Mexican politician
1953 – Stephen Paul, American physicist (d. 2012)
1953 – Andrew Ranken, English musician (The Pogues)
1953 – Tracy Scoggins, American actress
1954 – Scott McNealy, American businessman
1954 – Chris Noth, American actor
1955 – Whoopi Goldberg, American actress, comedienne, and singer
1956 – Ginger Alden, American actress
1956 – Rex Linn, American actor
1956 – Anna Verouli, Greek olympic medalist (javelin throw)
1957 – Stephen Baxter, English author
1957 – Roger Ingram, American trumpeter, educator, and author
1959 – Caroline Goodall, English actress
1960 – Neil Flynn, American actor
1960 – Teodora Ungureanu, Romanian gymnast and Olympic medalist
1963 – Vinny Testaverde, American football player
1964 – Steve Wong Ka-Keung, Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
1967 – Juhi Chawla, Indian actress
1967 – Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk-show host
1967 – Steve Zahn, American actor
1968 – Pat Hentgen, American baseball player
1969 – Lori Berenson, American activist
1969 – Gerard Butler, Scottish actor
1969 – Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Dutch author
1969 – Nico Motchebon, German athlete
1971 – Noah Hathaway, American actor
1971 – Buddy Zabala, Filipino bassist (Eraserheads)
1972 – Takuya Kimura, Japanese singer and actor
1973 – Ari Hoenig, American jazz drummer
1974 – Joe Principe, American bassist (Rise Against)
1975 – Tom Compernolle, Belgian athlete (d. 2008)
1975 – Alain Digbeu, French basketball player
1975 – Ivica Dragutinovic, Serbian footballer
1975 – Quim, Portuguese footballer
1976 – Hiroshi Tanahashi, Japanese professional wrestler
1976 – Kelly Sotherton, English heptathlete
1977 – Chanel Cole, Australian singer
1977 – Huang Xiaoming, Chinese actor and singer
1978 – Nikolai Fraiture, American bassist (The Strokes)
1979 – Metta World Peace, American basketball player
1979 – Subliminal, Israeli rapper and producer
1980 – Monique Coleman, American actress
1980 – François-Louis Tremblay, Canadian speed skater
1981 – Mark Cardona, Filipino basketball player
1981 – Rivkah, American cartoonist
1981 – Shawn Yue, Hong Kong actor and singer
1981 – Ryan Bertin, American amateur wrestler
1982 – Samkon Gado, Nigerian/American football player
1982 – Kumi Koda, Japanese singer
1982 – Michael Copon, American actor and singer
1983 – Claudia Balderrama, Bolivian race-walker
1984 – Lucas Barrios, Paraguayan footballer
1984 – Kurt Morath, Tongan rugby player
1985 – Asdrúbal Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player
1987 – Dana Vollmer, American swimmer
1990 – Kathleen Herles, American voice actress
1991 – Devon Bostick, Canadian actor
1996 – Austin Williams, American actor

Deaths

867 – Pope Nicholas I
1004 – Abbon of Fleury
1093 – King Malcolm III of Scotland (b. 1041)
1143 – King Fulk of Jerusalem
1170 – Albert I of Brandenburg
1314 – Albert II, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1240)
1345 – Constance of Penafiel, wife of Pedro I of Portugal (b. 1323)
1359 – Ivan II of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (b. 1326)
1460 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (b. 1394)
1606 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (b. 1530)
1619 – Ludovico Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1555)
1650 – Thomas May, English poet and historian (b. 1595)
1726 – Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle (b. 1666)
1770 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1712)
1771 – Konrad Ernst Ackermann, German actor (b. 1712)
1777 – William Bowyer (printer), English printer (b. 1699)
1862 – Ludwig Uhland, German poet (b. 1787)
1867 – Adolphe Napoleon Didron, French archaeologist (b. 1806)
1868 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (b. 1792)
1883 – James Marion Sims, American physician (b. 1813)
1903 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (b. 1830)
1929 – Princess Viktoria of Prussia (b. 1866)
1942 – Daniel J. Callaghan, United States Naval Officer (b. 1890)
1952 – Margaret Wise Brown, American children's author (b. 1910)
1954 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (b. 1881)
1961 – Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Jr., American diplomat (b. 1897)
1963 – Margaret Murray, English anthropologist and Egyptologist (b. 1863)
1967 – Harriet Cohen, English pianist (b. 1895)
1973 – Lila Lee, American actress (b. 1901)
1973 – Bruno Maderna, Italian/German conductor and composer (b. 1920)
1974 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian film director (b. 1901)
1974 – Karen Silkwood, American activist (b. 1946)
1975 – Olga Berggolts, Russian poet (b. 1910)
1977 – Ingrid Schubert, German terrorist (b. 1944)
1979 – Dimitris Psathas, Greek playwright (b. 1907)
1982 – Hugues Lapointe, Canadian politician (b. 1911)
1983 – Henry Jamison Handy, American breaststroke swimmer, water polo player and filmmaker (b. 1886)
1983 – Junior Samples, American comedian (Hee Haw) (b. 1926)
1985 – George Robert Vincent, American sound recording pioneer (b. 1898)
1986 – Thierry Le Luron, French humourist (b. 1952)
1988 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (b. 1906)
1988 – Jaromír Vejvoda, Czech composer (b. 1902)
1989 – Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1906)
1989 – Victor Davis, Canadian swimmer (b. 1964)
1990 – Stewart Graeme Guthrie, New Zealand Police officer (b.1948)
1991 – Paul-Émile Léger, cardinal archbishop of Montreal (b. 1904)
1993 – Carey Lloyd, American professional wrestler (b. 1933)
1994 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (b. 1924)
1996 – Bill Doggett, American pianist and organist (b. 1916)
1996 – Swami Rama, Indian yoga master (b. 1925)
1997 – André Boucourechliev, French composer (b. 1925)
1997 – Dawud M. Mu'Min, American murderer (b. 1953)
1998 – Edwige Feuillère, French actress (b. 1907)
1998 – Valerie Hobson, British actress (b. 1917)
1998 – Red Holzman, American basketball coach (b. 1920)
1998 – Michel Trudeau, Canadian outdoorsman, son of Pierre Trudeau (b. 1975)
1999 – Donald Mills, American singer (Mills Brothers) (b. 1915)
2001 – Peggy Mount, English actress (b. 1915)
2002 – Juan Alberto Schiaffino, Uruguayan footballer (b. 1925)
2002 – Rishikesh Shaha, Nepalese politician and writer (b. 1925)
2003 – Kellie Waymire, American actress (b. 1967)
2004 – John Balance, English musician and artist (b. 1962)
2004 – Thomas Foglietta, American politician (b. 1928)
2004 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (Wu-Tang Clan) (b. 1968)
2005 – Eddie Guerrero, American/Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1967)
2005 – Vine Deloria, Jr., Native American author, theologian, historian, and activist (b. 1933)
2007 – Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician and Congressman (b. 1960)
2007 – John Doherty, English footballer (b. 1935)
2007 – Kazuhisa Inao, Japanese baseball player (b. 1937)
2007 – Monty Westmore, American make-up artist (b. 1923)
2008 – Jules Archer, American historian (b. 1915)
2010 – Luis García Berlanga, Spanish filmmaker (b. 1921)
2010 – Ken Iman, American football player (b. 1939)
2010 – Allan Sandage, American astronomer (b. 1926)