today.nukz.net: Almanac November 15

Georgia Totto O'Keeffe (November 15, 1887 – March 6, 1986) was an American artist. Born near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, O'Keeffe first came to the attention of the New York art community in 1916, several decades before women had gained access to art training in America’s colleges and universities.

Events

655 – Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
1315 – Battle of Morgarten: the Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I.
1532 – Commanded by Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet Inca leader Atahualpa for the first time outside Cajamarca, arranging a meeting on the city plaza the following day
1533 – Francisco Pizarro arrives in Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire.
1688 – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Brixham.
1705 – Battle of Zsibó - Austrian-Danish victory above the Kurucs (Hungarians)
1777 – American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation.
1791 – The first U.S Catholic college, Georgetown University, opens its doors.
1806 – Pike expedition: Lieutenant Zebulon Pike sees a distant mountain peak while near the Colorado foothills of the Rocky Mountains (it is later named Pikes Peak).
1859 – The first modern revival of the Olympic Games takes place in Athens, Greece.
1864 – American Civil War: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman burns Atlanta, Georgia and starts Sherman's March to the Sea.
1889 – Brazil is declared a republic by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca and Emperor Pedro II is deposed in a military coup.
1920 – First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva.
1923 – The German Rentenmark is introduced in Germany to counter Inflation in the Weimar Republic.
1926 – The NBC radio network opens with 24 stations.
1928 – The RNLI Lifeboat Mary Stanford capsized in Rye Harbour with the loss of the entire 17 man crew.
1935 – Manuel L. Quezon is inaugurated as the second president of the Philippines.
1939 – In Washington, D.C., US President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the Jefferson Memorial.
1942 – World War II: First flight of the Heinkel He 219.
1942 – World War II: The Battle of Guadalcanal ends in a decisive Allied victory.
1943 – Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies are to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps". (see Porajmos)
1945 – Venezuela joins the United Nations.
1949 – Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi.
1951 – Greek resistance leader Nikos Beloyannis, along with 11 resistance members, is sentenced to death by the court-martial.
1959 – Four members of the Herbert Clutter Family are murdered at their farm outside Holcomb, Kansas.
1966 – Gemini program: Gemini 12 completes the program's final mission, when it splashes down safely in the Atlantic Ocean.
1966 – A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 708 crashes near Berlin, Germany, killing all three people on board.
1967 – The only fatality of the X-15 program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot Michael J. Adams loses control of his aircraft which is destroyed mid-air over the Mojave Desert.
1969 – Cold War: The Soviet submarine K-19 collides with the American submarine USS Gato in the Barents Sea.
1969 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war, including a symbolic "March Against Death".
1969 – In Columbus, Ohio, Dave Thomas opens the first Wendy's restaurant.
1971 – Intel releases world's first commercial single-chip microprocessor, the 4004.
1976 – René Lévesque and the Parti Québécois take power to become the first Quebec government of the 20th century clearly in favour of independence.
1978 – A chartered Douglas DC-8 crashes near Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing 183.
1979 – A package from the Unabomber Ted Kaczynski begins smoking in the cargo hold of a flight from Chicago to Washington, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing.
1983 – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is founded. Recognised only by Turkey.
1985 – A research assistant is injured when a package from the Unabomber addressed to a University of Michigan professor explodes.
1985 – The Anglo-Irish Agreement is signed at Hillsborough Castle by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Irish Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald.
1987 – Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a Douglas DC-9-14 jetliner, crashes in a snowstorm at Denver, Colorado Stapleton International Airport, killing 28 occupants, while 54 survive the crash.
1987 – In Brasov, Romania, workers rebel against the communist regime of Nicolae Ceau?escu.
1988 – In the Soviet Union, the unmanned Shuttle Buran makes its only space flight.
1988 – Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed by the Palestinian National Council.
1988 – The first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, is launched in the Netherlands.
1990 – Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Atlantis launches with flight STS-38.
1990 – The People's Republic of Bulgaria is disestablished and a new republican government is instituted.
2000 – A chartered Antonov An-24 crashes after takeoff from Luanda, Angola killing more than 40 people.
2000 – Jharkhand state comes into existence in India.
2003 – The first day of the 2003 Istanbul Bombings, in which two car bombs, targeting two synagogues, explode, killing 25 people and wounding about 300. Additional bombings follow on November 20.
2005 – Boeing formally launches the stretched Boeing 747-8 variant with orders from Cargolux and Nippon Cargo Airlines.
2007 – Cyclone Sidr hit Bangladesh, killing an estimated 5000 people and destroyed the world's largest mangrove forest, Sundarbans.

Births

459 – B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, king of Palenque
1316 – John I of France (d. 1316)
1397 – Pope Nicholas V (d. 1455)
1498 – Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Portugal and France (d. 1558)
1511 – Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536)
1556 – Jacques-Davy Duperron, French cardinal (d. 1618)
1559 – Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (d. 1621)
1607 – Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (d. 1701)
1660 – Hermann von der Hardt, German historian (d. 1746)
1661 – Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in Americas (d. 1743)
1688 – Louis Bertrand Castel, French mathematician (d. 1757)
1692 – Eusebius Amort, German Catholic theologian (d. 1775)
1708 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1778)
1738 – William Herschel, German-born astronomer (d. 1822)
1741 – Johann Kaspar Lavater, German philosopher (d. 1801)
1746 – Joseph Quesnel, French Canadian composer and playwright (d. 1809)
1757 – Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, Danish surgeon (d. 1830)
1784 – Jerome Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (d. 1860)
1791 – Friedrich Ernst Scheller, German jurist and politician (d. 1869)
1793 – Michel Chasles, French mathematician (d. 1880)
1852 – Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt (d. 1892)
1859 – Christopher Hornsrud, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960)
1862 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German dramatist, Nobel laureate (d. 1946)
1868 – Emil Racovita, Romanian biologist, zoologist, speleologist and explorer of Antarctica (d. 1947)
1874 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek athlete (d. 1941)
1874 – August Krogh, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1949)
1879 – Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953)
1881 – Franklin Pierce Adams, American newspaper columnist (d. 1960)
1882 – Felix Frankfurter, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1965)
1886 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian author (d. 1951)
1887 – Marianne Moore, American poet (d. 1972)
1887 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (d. 1986)
1888 – Artie Matthews, songwriter, pianist, & ragtime composer (d. 1958)
1890 – Richmal Crompton, British author (d. 1969)
1891 – Averell Harriman, American businessman (d. 1986)
1891 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal, "The Desert Fox" (d. 1944)
1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
1895 – Antoni Slonimski, Polish writer (d. 1976)
1897 – Aneurin Bevan, British politician (d. 1960)
1897 – Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (d. 1988)
1899 – Avdy Andresson, Estonian statesman (d. 1990)
1903 – Stewie Dempster, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1974)
1905 – Mantovani, Italian-born composer (d. 1980)
1906 – Curtis LeMay, U.S. Air Force general (d. 1990)
1907 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German, leader of failed plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler (d. 1944)
1913 – Guy Green, English film director (d. 2005)
1913 – Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
1919 – Joseph Wapner, American judge
1920 – Vasilis Diamantopoulos, Greek actor (d. 1999)
1922 – Francis Brunn, German juggler (d. 2004)
1922 – David Sidney Feingold, American biochemist
1925 – Howard Baker, American political advisor
1925 – Yuli Daniel, Russian writer (d. 1988)
1927 – Gregor Mackenzie, British politician (d. 1992)
1928 – C. W. McCall, American singer
1928 – John Orchard, British actor (d. 1995)
1928 – Seldon Powell, American soul jazz, swing and R&B tenor saxophonist and flautist (d. 1997)
1929 – Ed Asner, American actor
1929 – Joe Hinton, American soul singer (d. 1968)
1930 – J. G. Ballard, British author (d. 2009)
1931 – Mwai Kibaki, President of Kenya
1931 – Pascal Lissouba, President of the Republic of the Congo
1932 – Petula Clark, English singer
1932 – Clyde McPhatter, American singer (d. 1972)
1932 – Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher
1933 – Theodore Roszak, American scholar and author (d. 2011)
1934 – Joanna Barnes, American actress
1934 – Irén Pavlics, Slovene authoress in Hungary
1936 – H. B. Bailey, American racecar driver (d. 2003)
1936 – Wolf Biermann, German writer and singer-songwriter
1936 – Tara Singh Hayer, Canadian journalist (d. 1998)
1937 – Little Willie John, American singer (d. 1968)
1937 – Yaphet Kotto, American actor
1939 – W. C. Clark, blues musician known for his influence on the Austin, Texas blues scene
1940 – Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer
1940 – Ulf Pilgaard, Danish actor
1940 – Sam Waterston, American actor
1941 – Rick Kemp, English bass player, songwriter, vocalist and record producer
1941 – Daniel Pinkwater, American children's author
1942 – Daniel Barenboim, Argentine-born conductor and pianist
1945 – Roger Donaldson, Australian producer/director
1945 – Bob Gunton, American actor
1945 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Swedish singer (ABBA)
1946 – Vasilis Goumas, Greek basketball player
1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician, 9th United States Secretary of Energy, and 30th Governor of New Mexico
1950 – Graham Parker, English singer-songwriter
1950 – Egon Vaupel, German politician
1951 – Beverly D'Angelo, American actress
1952 – Zoltán Buday, Hungarian actor
1952 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (d. 2011)
1953 – Alexander O'Neal, American R&B singer
1954 – Herbert Heidenreich, German footballer
1954 – Aleksander Kwasniewski, former President of Poland
1954 – Randy Thomas, American Christian musician and record producer (Sweet Comfort Band, Allies)
1955 – Georgie Born, English academic, anthropologist and musician (Henry Cow)
1955 – Henry Corra, American documentarian
1956 – Michael Hampton, American guitarist (Funkadelic)
1956 – Brian Douglas Wells, American criminal (d. 2003)
1957 – Kevin Eubanks, American jazz guitarist
1957 – Harold Marcuse, American historian
1957 – Ray McKinnon, American actor and director
1957 – Michael Woythe, German footballer
1958 – Lewis Fitz-Gerald, Australian actor and director
1958 – Gu Kailai, Chinese lawyer and businesswoman
1960 – Susanne Lothar, German actress (d. 2012)
1962 – Mark Acres, American basketball player
1962 – Judy Gold, American stand-up comic and actor
1963 – Andrew Castle, English television presenter and former tennis player
1963 – Benny Elias, Australian rugby league footballer
1964 – Stelios Aposporis, Greek footballer
1964 – Mikhail Rusyayev, Russian footballer (d. 2011)
1965 – Nigel Bond, English snooker player
1965 – Stefan Pfeiffer, German swimmer
1966 – Rachel True, American actress
1967 – Greg Anthony, American basketball player
1967 – Pedro Borbón, Jr., Dominican baseball player
1967 – E-40, American rapper
1967 – Dom Joly, British comedian and journalist
1967 – François Ozon, French film director
1967 – Gustavo Poyet, Uruguayan footballer
1968 – Fausto Brizzi, Italian screenwriter and film director
1968 – Jennifer Charles, American singer-songwriter
1968 – Uwe Rösler, German footballer
1968 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (d. 2004)
1969 – Shane Mack, American politician
1970 – Ilija Aracic, Croatian footballer
1970 – Jack Ingram, American singer and songwriter
1970 – Patrick Mboma, Cameroonian footballer
1971 – Jay Harrington, American actor
1971 – Martin Pieckenhagen, German footballer
1972 – Ngô B?o Châu, Vietnamese mathematician, Fields medalist
1972 – Jonny Lee Miller, English actor
1973 – Jesse Merz, American actor
1973 – Sydney Tamiia Poitier, American actress
1974 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer (Nickelback)
1975 – Scott Henshall, British fashion designer
1975 – Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 – Boris Živkovic, Croatian footballer
1976 – Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian
1976 – Virginie Ledoyen, French actress
1977 – Sean Murray, American actor
1977 – Peter Phillips, grandson of Queen Elizabeth II
1977 – Robaire Smith, American football player
1977 – Logan Whitehurst, American musician (d. 2006)
1978 – Floyd Womack, American football player
1979 – Brooks Bollinger, American football player
1979 – Josemi, Spanish footballer
1979 – Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist
1980 – Ace Young, American singer
1981 – Jordan Buckley, American heavy metal guitarist, Every Time I Die
1981 – Drew Hodgdon, American football player
1981 – Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer
1982 – D. J. Fitzpatrick, American Football League kicker
1982 – Joe Kowalewski, American football player
1982 – Benjamin Krause, German rugby player
1982 – Lofa Tatupu, American football player
1982 – Kalu Uche, Nigerian footballer
1983 – Dominic Carroll, Gibraltarian athlete
1983 – Sasha Pavlovic, Serbian basketball player
1983 – DJ Skee, American DJ/personality
1983 – Laura Smet, French actress
1983 – Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player
1984 – Gemma Atkinson, English actress
1985 – Lily Aldridge, American fashion model
1985 – Casnel Bushay, Vincentian sprinter
1986 – Coye Francies, American football player
1986 – Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player
1986 – Jerry Roush, American singer-songwriter (Of Mice & Men, Sky Eats Airplane, and Glass Cloud)
1987 – Isaiah Osbourne, English footballer
1988 – Zena Grey, American actress
1988 – Morgan Parra, French rugby player
1988 – B.o.B, American rapper and producer
1989 – Jonalyn Viray, Filipino singer and actress
1990 – Kanata Hongo, Japanese actor
1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress
1992 – Minami Minegishi, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)

Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence. If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order. Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->

Deaths

655 – Penda, King of Mercia
1028 – Constantine VIII Byzantine Emperor (b. 960)
1136 – Margrave Leopold III of Austria (b. 1073)
1280 – Albertus Magnus, German theologian, bishop, and philosopher
1463 – Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto and Constable of Naples
1544 – King Jungjong of Joseon (b. 1506)
1579 – Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian religious reformer (b. 1510)
1628 – Roque Gonzales, Paraguayan missionary (b. 1576)
1630 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571)
1670 – John Amos Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592)
1691 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
1706 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
1712 – James Douglas-Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (b. 1658)
1712 – Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675)
1787 – Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714)
1794 – John Witherspoon, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723)
1795 – Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (b. 1719)
1819 – Daniel Rutherford, Scottish chemist and physician (b. 1749)
1832 – Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist (b. 1767)
1853 – Queen Maria II of Portugal (b. 1819)
1908 – Empress Dowager Cixi, Chinese ruler (b. 1835)
1910 – Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831)
1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish author, Nobel laureate (b. 1846)
1917 – Émile Durkheim, French sociologist (b. 1858)
1919 – Mohammad Farid, Egyptian politician (b. 1868)
1919 – Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1866)
1922 – Dimitrios Gounaris, Greek politician (b. 1866)
1922 – Georgios Hatzianestis, Greek General (b. 1863)
1922 – Petros Protopapadakis, Greek politician (b. 1854)
1922 – Nikolaos Stratos, Greek politician (b. 1872)
1945 – Frank Chapman, American ornithologist (b. 1864)
1949 – Narayan Apte, Indian assassin of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1911)
1949 – Nathuram Godse, Indian assassin of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1910)
1954 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor (b. 1878)
1958 – Tyrone Power, American actor (b. 1914)
1959 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1869)
1961 – Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883)
1963 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian conductor (b. 1888)
1965 – Dawn Powell, American poet (b. 1896)
1966 – Dimitrios Tofalos, Greek weightlifter (b. 1877)
1967 – Michael J. Adams, American test pilot (b. 1930)
1971 – Rudolf Abel, Soviet spy (b. 1903)
1976 – Jean Gabin, French actor (b. 1904)
1978 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist (b. 1901)
1981 – Enid Markey, American stage and film actress (b. 1894)
1981 – Khawar Rizvi, Pakistani Poet and Scholar(b. 1938)
1981 – Steve Macko, American baseball player (b. 1954)
1982 – Martín de Álzaga, Argentine racing driver (b. 1901)
1982 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian human rights advocate (b. 1895)
1983 – Charlie Grimm, American baseball player (b. 1898)
1983 – John Le Mesurier, English actor (b. 1912)
1988 – Billo Frómeta, Dominican orchestra conductor, arranger and composer (b. 1915)
1988 – Ieronymos I, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Athens (b. 1905)
1990 – Alydar, American racehorse (b. 1975)
1994 – Elizabeth George Speare, American author (b. 1908)
1996 – Alger Hiss, American government official and alleged spy (b. 1904)
1997 – Saul Chaplin, American composer and musical director (b. 1912)
1998 – Stokely Carmichael, American civil rights activist (b. 1941)
1998 – Ludvik Danek, Czech discus thrower (b. 1937)
2002 – Myra Hindley, English murderess (b. 1942)
2003 – Ray Lewis, Canadian athlete (b. 1910)
2003 – Dorothy Loudon, American actress (b. 1933)
2003 – Laurence Tisch, American businessman (b. 1923)
2003 – Speedy West, American musician (b. 1924)
2004 – Elmer L. Andersen, American politician (b. 1909)
2004 – John Morgan, Canadian comedian (b. 1930)
2005 – Adrian Rogers, American pastor and author (b. 1931)
2005 – Arto Salminen, Finnish writer (b. 1959)
2006 – Ana Carolina Reston, Brazilian model (b. 1985)
2006 – David K. Wyatt, American historian (b. 1937)
2007 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1928)
2009 – Patriarch Pavle of Serbia, Serbian religious figure (b. 1914)
2010 – Larry Evans, American chess grandmaster and journalist (b. 1932)
2010 – Ed Kirkpatrick, American baseball player (b. 1944)
2010 – William Edwin Self, American actor and television producer (b. 1921)