today.nukz.net: Almanac November 7

Lise Meitner, ForMemRS (7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian, later Swedish, physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. Meitner was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize. Meitner is often mentioned as one of the most glaring examples of women's scientific achievement overlooked by the Nobel committee. A 1997 Physics Today study concluded that Meitner's omission was "a rare instance in which personal negative opinions apparently led to the exclusion of a deserving scientist" from the Nobel. Element 109, Meitnerium, is named in her honour.

Events

335 – Athanasius is banished to Trier, on charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.
680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople.
1492 – The Ensisheim meteorite, the oldest meteorite with a known date of impact, strikes the earth around noon in a wheat field outside the village of Ensisheim, Alsace, France.
1619 – Elizabeth of Scotland and England is crowned Queen of Bohemia.
1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.
1775 – John Murray, the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters in order to fight with Murray and the British.
1786 – The oldest musical organization in the United States is founded as the Stoughton Musical Society.
1811 – Tecumseh's War: The Battle of Tippecanoe is fought near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana, United States.
1837 – In Alton, Illinois, abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy is shot dead by a mob while attempting to protect his printing shop from being destroyed a third time.
1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
1874 – A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party.
1885 – In Craigellachie, British Columbia, construction ends on the Canadian Pacific Railway extending across Canada.
1893 – Women in the U.S. state of Colorado are granted the right to vote.
1900 – Battle of Leliefontein, a battle during which the Royal Canadian Dragoons win three Victoria Crosses.
1907 – Delta Sigma Pi is founded at New York University.
1907 – Jesús García saves the entire town of Nacozari de Garcia, Sonora by driving a burning train full of dynamite six kilometers away before it can explode.
1908 – Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid are reportedly killed in San Vicente, Bolivia.
1910 – The first air freight shipment (from Dayton, Ohio, to Columbus, Ohio) is undertaken by the Wright Brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.
1912 – The Deutsche Opernhaus (now Deutsche Oper Berlin) opens in the Berlin neighborhood of Charlottenburg, with a production of Beethoven's Fidelio.
1914 – The first issue of The New Republic magazine is published.
1914 – The German colony of Kiaochow Bay and its centre at Tsingtao are captured by Japanese forces.
1916 – Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.
1917 – The Gregorian calendar date of the October Revolution, which gets its name from the Julian calendar date of 25 October. On this date in 1917, the Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace.
1917 – World War I: Third Battle of Gaza ends: British forces capture Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.
1918 – The 1918 influenza epidemic spreads to Western Samoa, killing 7,542 (about 20% of the population) by the end of the year.
1918 – Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
1919 – The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in twenty-three different U.S. cities.
1920 – Patriarch Tikhon issues a decree that leads to the formation of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
1921 – The Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), National Fascist Party, comes into existence.
1929 – In New York City, the Museum of Modern Art opens to the public.
1931 – The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.
1933 – Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City.
1940 – In Tacoma, Washington, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapses in a windstorm, a mere four months after the bridge's completion.
1941 – World War II: Soviet hospital ship Armenia is sunk by German planes while evacuating refugees and wounded military and staff of several Crimean hospitals. It is estimated that over 5,000 people died in the sinking.
1944 – A passenger train derails in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico from excessive speed when descending a hill. 16 people are killed and 50 are injured.
1944 – Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.
1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt elected for a record fourth term as President of the United States of America.
1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution calling for the United Kingdom, France and Israel to immediately withdraw their troops from Egypt.
1957 – Cold War: The Gaither Report calls for more American missiles and fallout shelters.
1963 – Wunder von Lengede: In Germany, eleven miners are rescued from a collapsed mine after 14 days.
1967 – Carl B. Stokes is elected as Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major American city.
1967 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
1973 – The U.S. Congress overrides President Richard M. Nixon's veto of the War Powers Resolution, which limits presidential power to wage war without congressional approval.
1975 – In Bangladesh, a joint force of people and soldiers takes part in an uprising led by Col. Abu Taher that ousts and kills Brig. Khaled Mosharraf, freeing the then house-arrested army chief and future president Maj-Gen. Ziaur Rahman. The day is occasionally observed as the National Revolution and Solidarity Day.
1983 – 1983 United States Senate bombing: a bomb explodes inside the United States Capitol. No people are harmed, but an estimated $250,000 in damage is caused.
1987 – In Tunisia, president Habib Bourguiba is overthrown and replaced by Prime Minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
1989 – Douglas Wilder wins the governor's seat in Virginia, becoming the first elected African American governor in the United States.
1989 – David Dinkins becomes the first African American to be elected mayor of New York City.
1989 – East German Prime Minister Willi Stoph, along with his entire cabinet, is forced to resign after huge anti-government protests.
1990 – Mary Robinson becomes the first woman to be elected President of the Republic of Ireland.
1991 – Magic Johnson announces that he is infected with HIV and retires from the NBA.
1994 – WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first internet radio broadcast.
1996 – NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor.
2000 – Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first former First Lady to win public office in the United States, although actually she still was the First Lady.
2000 – Controversial US presidential election that is later resolved in the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Case.
2000 – The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration discovers one of the country's largest LSD labs inside a converted military missile silo in Wamego, Kansas.
2001 – SABENA, the national airline of Belgium, goes bankrupt
2002 – Iran bans advertising of United States products.
2004 – War in Iraq: The interim government of Iraq calls for a 60-day "state of emergency" as U.S. forces storm the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
2007 – Jokela school shooting in Tuusula, Finland, resulting in the death of nine people.

Births

630 – Constans II, Byzantine emperor (d. 668)
994 – Ibn Hazm, Arab philosopher (d. 1069)
1598 – Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish painter (d. 1664)
1619 – Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer (d. 1692)
1650 – John Robinson, English diplomat (d. 1723)
1687 – William Stukeley, English antiquarian (d. 1765)
1706 – Carlo Cecere, Italian composer of operas, concertos and instrumental duets (d. 1761)
1728 – Captain James Cook, British naval officer, explorer, and cartographer (d. 1779)
1750 – Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, German poet (d. 1819)
1805 – Thomas Brassey, English civil engineering contractor (d. 1870)
1818 – Emil du Bois-Reymond, German physician (d. 1896)
1832 – Andrew Dickson White, American educator (d. 1918)
1838 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
1846 – Ignaz Brüll, Austrian pianist (d. 1907)
1851 – Chris von der Ahe, German born entrepreneur (d. 1913)
1858 – Bipin Chandra Pal, Indian political activist (d. 1932)
1860 – Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne, French general (d. 1936)
1861 – Jeff Milton, American lawman (d. 1947)
1867 – Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Polish chemist and physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics and in chemistry (d. 1934)
1875 – Mikhail Kalinin, Soviet politician (d. 1946)
1876 – Charlie Townsend, English cricketer (d. 1958)
1878 – Lise Meitner, Austrian physicist (d. 1968)
1879 – King Baggot, American actor (d. 1948)
1879 – Leon Trotsky, Russian revolutionary (d. 1940)
1886 – Aron Nimzowitsch, Latvian-born chess player (d. 1935)
1888 – Sir C. V. Raman, Indian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
1890 – Jan Matulka American painter (d. 1972)
1893 – Leatrice Joy, American actress (d. 1985)
1896 – Esdras Minville, Quebec writer, economist and sociologist (d. 1975)
1897 – Herman J. Mankiewicz, American writer, director, and producer (d. 1953)
1897 – Armstrong Sperry, American children's author (d. 1976)
1898 – Raphaël Salem, Greek mathematician (d. 1963)
1899 – Yitzhak Lamdan, Russian-born Israeli poet and columnist (d. 1954)
1901 – Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter and illustrator (d. 1980)
1903 – Ary Barroso, Brazilian songwriter (d. 1964)
1903 – Dean Jagger, American actor (d. 1991)
1903 – Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1989)
1903 – Grace Stafford, American actress (d. 1992)
1905 – William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)
1906 – Eugene Carson Blake, American Protestant Church leader and President of the National Council of Churches (d. 1985)
1908 – Marijac, French cartoonist (d. 1994)
1913 – Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
1913 – Alekos Sakellarios, Greek writer and film director (d. 1991)
1914 – Archie Campbell, American comedian, writer (d. 1987)
1915 – Philip Morrison, American scientist (d. 2005)
1917 – Titos Vandis, Greek actor (d. 2003)
1918 – Paul Aussaresses, French general
1918 – Billy Graham, American evangelist
1918 – Maria Teresa de Noronha, Portuguese Fado singer (d. 1993)
1919 – Ellen Stewart, American theater director and producer (d. 2011)
1921 – Jack Fleck, American professional golfer
1922 – Al Hirt, American trumpeter (d. 1999)
1923 – Gene Callahan, American film art and production designer (d. 1990)
1926 – Dame Joan Sutherland, Australian operatic soprano (d. 2010)
1927 – Hiroshi Yamauchi, Japanese computer game executive
1927 – Ivor Emmanuel, Welsh singer and actor (d. 2007)
1928 – Richard G. Scott, LDS Apostle
1929 – Eric R. Kandel, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1929 – Jesús de Polanco, Spanish businessman and media tycoon (d. 2007)
1930 – Rudy Boschwitz, American politician
1931 – G. Edward Griffin, American film producer and author
1935 – W. S. Rendra, Indonesian poet and playwright (d. 2009)
1936 – Dame Gwyneth Jones, Welsh soprano
1936 – Audrey McLaughlin, Canadian politician
1938 – Dee Clark, American singer (d. 1990)
1938 – Jake Gibbs, American baseball player
1938 – Jim Kaat, American baseball player
1938 – Barry Newman, American actor
1940 – Dakin Matthews, American actor
1940 – Antonio Skármeta, Chilean writer
1942 – Tom Peters, American writer
1942 – Johnny Rivers, American singer and composer
1942 – Jean Shrimpton, British supermodel and actress
1943 – Michael Byrne, English actor
1943 – Stephen Greenblatt, American literary critic
1943 – Boris Gromov, Russian general
1943 – Joni Mitchell, Canadian musician
1943 – Michael Spence, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
1944 – Joe Niekro, American baseball player (d. 2006)
1944 – Ken Patera, American professional wrestler
1944 – Luigi Riva, Italian footballer
1945 – Waljinah, Javanese singer
1945 – Earl Boen, American actor
1945 – Bob Englehart, American editorial cartoonist
1946 – John Aylward, American actor
1947 – Bob Anderson, English darts player
1947 – Yutaka Fukumoto, Japanese professional baseball player
1947 – Sondhi Limthongkul, Thai journalist
1947 – Holmes Osborne, American actor
1948 – Buck Martinez, American baseball player
1948 – Alex Ribeiro, Brazilian racing driver
1949 – Stephen Bruton, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
1949 – Steven Stucky, American composer
1949 – David S. Ware, American saxophonist (d. 2012)
1950 – Lindsay Duncan, British actress
1951 – Lawrence O'Donnell, American political analyst
1951 – John Tamargo, American baseball player
1952 – David Petraeus, American military commander
1952 – Modibo Sidibé, Malian prime minister
1952 – Valeriy Zuyev Assistant coach of Dynamo Kiev
1953 – Lucinda Green, British equestrian
1954 – Robin Beck, American singer
1954 – Kamal Haasan, Indian actor
1954 – Guy Gavriel Kay, Canadian writer
1954 – Gil Junger, American director
1955 – Detlef Ultsch, German judoka
1955 – Kitty Margolis, American jazz singer
1955 – Shirley Eikhard, Canadian singer-songwriter
1956 – Jonathan Palmer, British Formula One racer
1956 – Judy Tenuta, American comedienne and accordionist
1957 – John Benitez, American musician
1957 – King Kong Bundy, American professional wrestler
1957 – Christopher Knight, American actor
1957 – Tony Schiavone, American wrestling announcer
1958 – Lori Saldaña, American politician
1958 – Rissei O, Japanese professional Go player
1959 – Billy Gillispie, American basketball coach
1959 – Alexandre Guimarães, Costa Rican football manager
1959 – Keith Lockhart, American orchestral conductor
1959 – Srinivas, Indian singer
1960 – Tommy Thayer, American guitarist (Kiss)
1961 – Orlando Mercado, American baseball player
1962 – Tracie Savage, American actress and journalist
1963 – John Barnes, English footballer
1963 – Sam Graves, American politician
1964 – Troy Beyer, American actress
1964 – Gill Holland, American producer
1964 – Dana Plato, American actress and child actor (d. 1999)
1964 – Li Nanxing, Singaporean actor
1964 – Liam Ó Maonlaí, founding member of Irish band Hothouse Flowers
1965 – Sigrun Wodars, German athlete
1966 – Calvin Borel, American horse jockey
1967 – Steve Digiorgio, American musician
1967 – David Guetta, French DJ
1967 – Julie Pinson, American actress
1967 – Sharleen Spiteri Scottish singer-songwriter (Texas)
1968 – Greg Tribbett, American musician (Mudvayne)
1968 – Mark Preston, Australian engineer
1968 – Russ Springer, American baseball player
1969 – Hélène Grimaud, French pianist
1969 – Michelle Clunie, American actress
1969 – Michel Picard, Canadian professional ice hockey player
1970 – Neil Hannon, Northern Irish musician (The Divine Comedy)
1970 – Andy Houston, American NASCAR driver
1970 – Marc Rosset, Swiss tennis player
1970 – Morgan Spurlock, American director and producer
1971 – Jamie Drummond, Scottish/Canadian Sommelier
1971 – Robin Finck, American musician
1971 – Matthew Ryan, American musician
1972 – Christopher Daniel Barnes, American actor
1972 – Danny Grewcock, English rugby union player
1972 – Mike Goldman, Australian media personality
1972 – Jason London and Jeremy London, American actors
1972 – Hasim Rahman, American boxer
1972 – Marcus Stewart, English football player
1973 – Catê, Brazilian footballer (d. 2011)
1973 – Yunjin Kim, South Korean actress
1973 – Martín Palermo, Argentine footballer
1974 – Kris Benson, American baseball player
1974 – Brigitte Foster-Hylton, Jamaican track athlete
1974 – Christian Gómez, Argentine footballer
1974 – Chris Summers, Norwegian drummer (Turbonegro)
1975 – Venkat Prabhu, Indian film director
1976 – Rob Caggiano, American musician (Anthrax)
1976 – Melyssa Ford, Canadian model and actress
1976 – Chang Hao, Chinese professional Go player
1976 – One Be Lo, American hip-hop artist
1976 – Mark Philippoussis, Australian tennis player
1977 – María Sánchez Lorenzo, Spanish tennis player
1977 – Anthony Thomas, American football player
1978 – Rio Ferdinand, English footballer
1978 – Elisabeth Bachman, American volleyball player
1978 – Mohamed Aboutrika, Egyptian footballer
1978 – Tomoya Nagase, Japanese actor and singer (Tokio)
1978 – Jan Vennegoor of Hesselink, Dutch footballer
1979 – Mike Commodore, American hockey player
1979 – Will Demps, American football player
1979 – Danny Fonseca, Costa Rican footballer
1979 – Barney Harwood, English television presenter
1979 – Jon Peter Lewis, American singer
1979 – Joey Ryan, American professional wrestler
1979 – Otep Shamaya, American singer-songwriter (Otep)
1980 – Sergio Bernardo Almirón, Argentine footballer
1980 – Gervasio Deferr, Spanish gymnast
1980 – James Franklin, New Zealand cricketer
1980 – Karthik, Indian singer
1980 – Luciana Salazar, Argentine model and actress
1981 – Mark Copani, Jordanian/American professional wrestler
1981 – Anushka Shetty, Indian actress
1982 – Pascal Leclaire, Canadian professional ice hockey player
1983 – Forrest Kline, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hellogoodbye)
1984 – Jonathan Bornstein, American soccer player
1984 – Amelia Vega, Dominican model and 2003 Miss Universe pageant winner
1985 – Sebastian Aldén, Swedish motorcycle racer
1985 – Lucas Neff, American actor
1986 – David Nelson, American football player
1986 – Doukissa Nomikou, Greek model
1987 – Marek Semjan, Slovakian tennis player
1988 – Alexandr Dolgopolov, Ukrainian tennis player
1988 – Simone Favaro, Italian rugby player
1988 – Thomas Schneider, German athlete
1988 – Tinie Tempah, English rapper and producer
1989 – Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, Russian singer and activist (Pussy Riot)
1990 – Matt Corby, Australian singer
1990 – David de Gea, Spanish footballer
1990 – Daniel Ayala, Spanish footballer
1994 – Haruna Iikubo, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)

Deaths

644 – Umar ibn al-Khattab, Second caliph of Islam
1225 – Engelbert II of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne
1550 – Jon Arason, the last Roman Catholic bishop of Iceland (b. 1484)
1574 – Solomon Luria, Maharshal (b. 1510)
1581 – Richard Davies, Welsh bishop and scholar
1599 – Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon (b. 1546)
1620 – Hetman Stanislaw Zólkiewski Polish commander in the Battle of Tutora (1620) (b. 1547)
1633 – Cornelius Jacobszoon Drebbel, Dutch inventor (b. 1572)
1639 – Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, English politician
1642 – Henry Montagu, 1st Earl of Manchester, English politician
1713 – Elizabeth Barry, English actress (b. 1658)
1837 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (b. 1809)
1872 – Alfred Clebsch, German mathematician (b. 1833)
1881 – John MacHale, Irish Archbishop (Tuam) and writer (b. 1791)
1906 – Heinrich Seidel, German engineer, poet and writer (b. 1842)
1913 – Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and biologist (b. 1823)
1919 – Hugo Haase, German politician and jurist (b. 1863)
1922 – Sam Thompson, American baseball player (b. 1860)
1930 – Okido Moriemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 23rd Yokozuna (b. 1878)
1933 – Harold Weber, American golfer (b. 1882)
1943 – Dwight Frye, American actor (b. 1899)
1944 – Richard Sorge, Soviet spy (b. 1895)
1944 – Hannah Szenes, Jewish woman who parachuted into Yugoslavia during World War II to help save the Jews of Hungary (b. 1921)
1952 – Filippos Karvelas Greek gymnast (b. 1877)
1959 – Victor McLaglen, British-born actor (b. 1883)
1962 – Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1884)
1965 – Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, 2nd Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and 2nd successor to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (b. 1889)
1966 – Rube Bressler, Baseball player (b. 1894)
1967 – John Nance Garner, U.S. Congressman and Vice President (b. 1868)
1968 – Gordon Coventry, Australian rules footballer (b. 1901)
1968 – Alexander Gelfond, Russian mathematician (b. 1906)
1974 – Eric Linklater, British author (b. 1899)
1978 – Gene Tunney, heavyweight boxing champion (b. 1897)
1980 – Steve McQueen, American actor (b. 1930)
1981 – Will Durant, American writer and historian (b. 1885)
1983 – Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (b. 1892)
1986 – Tracy Pew, Australian musician (The Birthday Party) (b. 1957)
1991 – Carter Cornelius, American R&B musician (Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose) (b. 1948)
1991 – Tom of Finland, Finnish fetish artist (b. 1920)
1992 – Alexander Dubcek, Slovak politician (b. 1921)
1992 – Jack Kelly, American actor (b. 1927)
1994 – Shorty Rogers, American jazz musician (b. 1924)
1996 – Jaja Wachuku, Nigerian Lawyer and First Foreign Affairs Minister (b. 1918)
1996 – Claude Ake, Nigerian political scientist (b. 1939)
2000 – Chidambaram Subramaniam, Indian politician (b. 1910)
2000 – Queen Ingrid of Denmark (b. 1910)
2001 – Nida Blanca, Filipino actress (b. 1936)
2002 – Rudolf Augstein, German publisher (b. 1923)
2004 – Howard Keel, American actor (b. 1919)
2005 – Anthony Sawoniuk, Belarusian-born Nazi war criminal (b. 1921)
2005 – Harry Thompson, English-born comedian and novelist (b. 1960)
2006 – Bryan Pata, American football defensive tackle (University of Miami) (murdered) (b. 1984)
2006 – Johnny Sain, American baseball pitcher (b. 1917)
2006 – Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, French journalist (b. 1924)
2007 – Earl Dodge, American politician (Prohibition Party) (b. 1932)
2007 – George W. George, American theater, Broadway and film producer (b. 1920)
2010 – Smaro Stefanidou, Greek actress (b. 1913)
2011 – Joe Frazier, Olympic Heavyweight Boxer (b. 1944)