today.nukz.net: Almanac


Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791	Lewis Carroll 1832-1898

Events

98 – Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
447 – The Walls of Constantinople are severely damaged by a earthquake, destroying large parts of the wall, including 57 towers.
661 – The Rashidun Caliphate ends with death of Ali.
1142 – Execution, believed wrongful, of noted Song Dynasty General Yue Fei.
1186 – Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, marries Constance of Sicily.
1343 – Pope Clement VI issues the Bull Unigenitus.
1593 – The Vatican opens seven year trial of scholar Giordano Bruno.
1606 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.
1695 – Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.
1776 – American Revolutionary War: Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1785 – The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.
1825 – The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".
1868 – Boshin War: The Battle of Toba-Fushimi between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions begins, which will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.
1870 – The Kappa Alpha Theta fraternity is founded at DePauw University.
1888 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C..
1909 – The Young Left is founded in Norway.
1927 – Ibn Saud takes the title of King of Nejd.
1939 – First flight of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.
1943 – World War II: The VIII Bomber Command dispatched ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-Boat construction yards at Wilhemshafen, Germany. The first American bombing attack on Germany.
1944 – World War II: The 900-day Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
1945 – World War II: The Red Army liberates the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp built by the Nazi Germans on the territory of Poland.
1951 – Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with a one-kiloton bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat.
1961 – Soviet submarine S-80 sinks with all hands lost.
1967 – Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
1967 – The United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.
1973 – The Paris Peace Accords officially end the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.
1974 – The Brisbane River breaches its banks causing the largest flood to affect the city of Brisbane in the 20th Century
1980 – Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian caper.
1983 – The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido, breaks through.
1984 – Pop singer Michael Jackson suffers second degree burns to his scalp during the filming of a Pepsi commercial in the Shrine Auditorium.
1993 – American-born sumo wrestler Akebono Taro becomes the first foreigner to be promoted to the sport's highest rank of yokozuna.
1996 – In a military coup Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane.
1996 – Germany first observes International Holocaust Remembrance Day.
2002 – An explosion at a military storage facility in Lagos, Nigeria, kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.
2003 – The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.
2006 – Western Union discontinues its Telegram and Commercial Messaging services.
2010 – The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.

Births

1443 – Albert, Duke of Saxony (d. 1500)
1546 – Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1608)
1585 – Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
1603 – Harbottle Grimston, English politician (d. 1685)
1621 – Thomas Willis, English physician (d. 1675)
1662 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (d. 1742)
1687 – Johann Balthasar Neumann, German architect (d. 1753)
1701 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian (d. 1790)
1708 – Anna Petrovna of Russia (d. 1728)
1720 – Samuel Foote, English dramatist (d. 1777)
1741 – Hester Thrale, Welsh diarist (d. 1821)
1756 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1791)
1774 – Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, German philosopher (d. 1854)
1805 – Maria Anna of Bavaria, Queen consort of Saxony (d. 1877)
1805 – Sophie of Bavaria, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1872)
1805 – Samuel Palmer, English artist (d. 1881)
1806 – Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer (d. 1826)
1807 – David Strauss, German theologian and writer (d. 1874)
1814 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879)
1821 – John Chivington, American officer (d. 1892)
1823 – Edouard Lalo, French composer (d. 1892)
1826 – Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Russian writer (d. 1889)
1826 – Richard Taylor, American confederate general (d. 1879)
1827 – Nakahama Manjiro, Japanese translator (d. 1898)
1832 – Lewis Carroll, English author (d. 1898)
1836 – Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Austrian writer (d. 1895)
1841 – Arkhip Kuindzhi, Russian painter (d. 1910)
1848 – Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (d. 1934)
1850 – John Collier, British writer and painter (d. 1934)
1850 – Samuel Gompers, American labor leader (d. 1924)
1850 – Edward J. Smith, English captain of the RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
1859 – Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany (d. 1941)
1875 – Elizabeth Israel, Purported world's oldest person (d. 2003)
1885 – Jerome Kern, American composer (d. 1945)
1885 – Eduard Künneke, German composer (d. 1953)
1885 – Maeda Seison, Japanese painter (d. 1977)
1886 – Radhabinod Pal, Indian jurist (d. 1967)
1891 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian writer (d. 1967)
1893 – Soong Ching-ling, Chinese wife of Sun Yat-sen (d. 1981)
1895 – Joseph Rosenstock, Polish conductor (d. 1985)
1895 – Harry Ruby, American composer (d. 1974)
1900 – Hyman Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
1901 – Willy Fritsch, German actor (d. 1973)
1901 – Art Rooney, Pittsburgh Steelers founder and owner (d. 1988)
1903 – John Carew Eccles, Australian neuropsychologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)
1903 – Otto P. Weyland, American military figure (d. 1979)
1904 – James J. Gibson, American ecological psychologist (d. 1973)
1905 – Howard McNear, American actor (d. 1969)
1908 – William Randolph Hearst, Jr., American newspaper magnate (d. 1993)
1908 – Oran Page, American musician (jazz trumpeter, singer, and bandleader) (d. 1954)
1910 – Edvard Kardelj, Yugoslav Communist politician (d. 1979)
1912 – Arne Næss, Norwegian philosopher (d. 2009)
1912 – Francis Rogallo, American aeronautical engineer (d. 2009)
1915 – Jules Archer, American historian (d. 2008)
1915 – Jacques Hnizdovsky, Ukrainian-born artist (d. 1985)
1918 – Skitch Henderson, American bandleader (d. 2005)
1918 – Elmore James, American blues musician (d. 1963)
1918 – William Seawell, United States Army Brigadier General (d. 2005)
1919 – Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., American musician (d. 1972)
1920 – John Box, British film production designer and art director (d. 2005)
1920 – Helmut Zacharias, German violinist (d. 2002)
1921 – Donna Reed, American actress (d. 1986)
1924 – Sabu Dastagir, Indian actor (d. 1963)
1926 – Fritz Spiegl, Austrian journalist (d. 2003)
1926 – Ingrid Thulin, Swedish actress (d. 2004)
1927 – Jerry Haynes, American actor d. 2011
1928 – Michael Craig, British actor
1928 – Hans Modrow, German politician, premier of East Germany
1929 – Gastón Suárez, Bolivian novelist (d. 1984)
1930 – Bobby Blue Bland, American singer
1931 – Mordecai Richler, Canadian author (d. 2001)
1932 – Boris Shakhlin, Soviet gymnast (d. 2008)
1933 – Mohamed Al-Fayed, Egyptian businessman
1934 – George Follmer, American racecar driver
1936 – Troy Donahue, American actor (d. 2001)
1936 – Samuel C. C. Ting, American physicist, Nobel laureate
1937 – John Ogdon, English pianist (d. 1989)
1937 – Fred Åkerström, Swedish singer
1940 – James Cromwell, American actor
1940 – Terry Harper, Canadian ice hockey player
1940 – Petru Lucinschi, second President of Moldova
1941 – Beatrice Tinsley, New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist (d. 1981)
1942 – Stewart Raffill, American film director
1942 – John Witherspoon, American actor
1942 – Kate Wolf, American folk singer and songwriter (d. 1986)
1944 – Peter Akinola, Nigerian religious leader
1944 – Mairéad Corrigan, Irish activist, Nobel laureate
1944 – Nick Mason, English drummer (Pink Floyd)
1945 – Harold Cardinal, Cree political leader (d. 2005)
1946 – Nedra Talley, American singer (Ronettes)
1947 – Björn Afzelius, Swedish singer (d. 1999)
1947 – Vyron Polydoras, Greek politician
1947 – Cal Schenkel, American artist
1948 –Mikhail Baryshnikov, Russian ballet dancer
1948 – Valeri Brainin, Russian/German musicologist, music manager, composer, and poet
1948 – Jean-Philippe Collard, French pianist
1949 – Ethan Mordden, American author
1950 – Derek Acorah, English spirit medium
1950 – Amos Grunebaum, Israeli-born physician
1951 – Brian Downey, Irish musician (drummer) (Thin Lizzy)
1952 – "White Shoes" Johnson, American football player
1954 – Peter Laird, American comic book artist
1954 – Ed Schultz, American radio talk show host
1954 – Joko Ninomiya, Japanese martial artist
1955 – Brian Engblom, Canadian ice hockey player
1955 – John G. Roberts, American jurist and the 17th Chief Justice of the United States
1955 – Alexander Stuart, British author
1955 – Koji Ushikubo, Japanese racing driver
1956 – Mimi Rogers, American actress
1957 – Janick Gers, British guitarist (Iron Maiden)
1957 – Frank Miller, American comic book author and film director
1957 – Frank Skinner, English writer and comedian
1958 – James Grippando, American novelist
1958 – Kadri Mälk, Estonian artist and jewelry designer
1958 – Susanna Thompson, American actress
1959 – Cris Collinsworth, American football player
1959 – Göran Hägglund, Swedish politician
1959 – Keith Olbermann, American news anchor & political commentator
1960 – Bernd Stieler, German footballer
1961 – Dina Bonnevie, Filipino actress
1961 – Gillian Gilbert, British musician (New Order)
1961 – Narciso Rodriguez, American fashion designer
1961 – Margo Timmins, Canadian singer (Cowboy Junkies)
1961 – Karen Velez, American model
1961 – Zarganar, Burmese comedian and dissident
1962 – Roberto Paci Dalò, Italian director and composer
1963 – Mark Moraghan, British actor and singer
1964 – Bridget Fonda, American actress
1964 – Jack Haley, American basketball player
1965 – Alan Cumming, Scottish actor
1965 – Mike Newell, English football manager
1967 – Bobby Deol, Indian actor
1967 – Byron Mann, Hong Kong actor
1967 – Dave Manson, Canadian ice hockey player
1968 – Patrick Blondeau, French footballer
1968 – Mike Patton, American singer-songwriter (Faith No More)
1968 – Matt Stover, American football player
1968 – Deb Talan, American folk singer and songwriter (The Weepies)
1968 – Tricky, English rapper
1969 – Cornelius, Japanese musician and producer (Flipper's Guitar)
1969 – Marc Forster, German-Swiss filmmaker
1969 – Michael Kulas, Canadian singer (James)
1969 – Patton Oswalt, American actor and writer
1970 – Emmanuel Pahud, Swiss-born flautist
1971 – Patrice Brisebois, Canadian ice hockey player
1971 – Lil Jon, American rapper
1971 – Fann Wong, Singaporean actress
1972 – Wynne Evans, Welsh operatic tenor
1972 – Janine Ilitch, Australian netballer
1972 – Mark Owen, English pop singer
1972 – Josh Randall, American actor
1972 – Keith Wood, Irish rugby player
1974 – Ole Einar Bjørndalen, Nordic biathlete
1974 – Andrei Pavel, Romanian tennis player
1974 – Chaminda Vaas, Sri Lankan cricketer
1976 –Clint Ford, American voice actor
1976 – Ahn Jung-Hwan, Korean football player
1976 – Ruby Lin, Taiwanese actress and singer
1976 – Todd MacCulloch, American basketball player
1976 – Zoriah Miller, American photojournalist
1976 – Fred Taylor, American football player
1978 – Pete Laforest, Canadian baseball player
1978 – Jake Pavelka, American reality TV star (The Bachelor)
1979 – Mario Fatafehi, American football player
1979 – Rosamund Pike, British actress
1979 – Liesbet Van Breedam, Belgian beach volleyball player
1979 – Daniel Vettori, New Zealand cricketer
1980 – Chanda Gunn, American ice hockey player
1980 – Marat Safin, Russian tennis player
1981 – Alicia Molik, Australian tennis player
1981 – Tony Woodcock, New Zealand rugby union player
1983 – Deon Anderson, American football player
1983 – Carlo Colaiacovo, Canadian ice hockey player
1983 – Paulo Colaiacovo, Canadian ice hockey player
1983 – Gavin Floyd, American baseball player
1983 – Tim Kasten, German rugby player
1983 – Mike Zagurski, American baseball player
1984 – Davetta Sherwood, American actress
1986 – Giorgi Loria, Georgian footballer
1987 – Lily Donaldson, British model
1987 – Katy Rose, American pop singer
1988 – Toni Gänge, German footballer
1988 – Kerlon, Brazilian footballer
1988 – Liu Wen, Chinese model
1989 – Daisy Lowe, British model
1989 – Carl Magnay, British footballer
1989 – Ricky van Wolfswinkel, Dutch footballer
1990 – Maria-Elena Papasotiriou, Greek-American figure skater
1992 – Stefano Pettinari, Italian professional footballer

1995 my beautiful sister Emma was born she is an amazing sister and I went her to see this! Emma I love you! You are an awesome sister and I hope you have a wonderful birthday!

Deaths

98 – Nerva, Roman Emperor (b. 35)
661 – Ali, the final Sunni Rashidun and first Shia Imam
1490 – Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Japanese shogun (b. 1435)
1540 – Saint Angela Merici, Italian religious leader and saint (b. 1474)
1595 – Sir Francis Drake, English explorer (b. c.1540)
1629 – Hieronymus Praetorius, German composer (b. 1560)
1638 – Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (b. 1585?)
1689 – Robert Aske, merchant whose charitable foundation operates Haberdashers' Aske's Boys School and Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls (b. 1619)
1731 – Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian musical instrument maker (b. 1655)
1740 – Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prime Minister of France (b. 1692)
1794 – Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille, French royalist commander and counterrevolutionary (b. 1765)
1812 – Captain John Perkins, first black commissioned officer in the Royal Navy
1814 – Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (b. 1762)
1816 – Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, British admiral (b. 1724)
1851 – John James Audubon, French-born naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1789)
1857 – Dorothea Lieven, Russian noblewoman (b. 1785)
1860 – János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1802)
1880 – Edward Middleton Barry, English architect (b. 1830)
1901 – Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (b. 1813)
1910 – Thomas Crapper, English inventor (b. 1836)
1919 – Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (b. 1877)
1921 – Maurice Vincent Buckley, Australian soldier (b. 1891)
1922 – Nellie Bly, American journalist and writer (b. 1864)
1927 – Blessed Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevicius (Matulewicz), Lithuanian bishop (b. 1871)
1931 – Nishinoumi Kajiro II, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 25th Yokozuna (b. 1880)
1940 – Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (b. 1894)
1942 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Estonian Prime Minister (b. 1888)
1956 – Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor (b. 1890)
1967 – Roger Chaffee – Crew of Apollo 1 (b. 1935)
1967 – Virgil "Gus" Grissom – Crew of Apollo 1 (b. 1926)
1967 – Edward White – Crew of Apollo 1 (b. 1930)
1967 – Alphonse Juin, Marshal of France (b. 1888)
1970 – Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (b. 1908)
1971 – Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (b. 1913)
1972 – Richard Courant, German-American mathematician (b. 1888)
1972 – Mahalia Jackson, American singer (b. 1911)
1973 – William Nolde, last American combat casualty of Vietnam War (b. 1929)
1974 – Georgios Grivas, Cyprus-born general in the Greek Army (b. 1898)
1975 – Bill Walsh, American producer and writer (b. 1913)
1979 – Qalander Ba Ba Auliya, Sufi master (b. 1898)
1983 – Louis de Funès, French actor (b. 1914)
1986 – Lilli Palmer, German-born actress (b. 1914)
1987 – Norman McLaren, Scottish-born Canadian animator and film director (b. 1914)
1988 – Massa Makan Diabaté, Malian author (b. 1938)
1989 – Bayani Casimiro, Filipino dancer and actor (b. 1918)
1989 – Thomas Sopwith, British aviation pioneer (b. 1888)
1992 – Clara Solovera, Chilean folk musician (b. 1909)
1993 – André the Giant, French professional wrestler and actor (b. 1946)
1994 – Claude Akins, American actor (b. 1918)
1996 – Ralph Yarborough, American politician (b. 1903)
1997 – Gerald Marks, American songwriter (All of Me) (b. 1900)
2000 – Friedrich Gulda, Austrian pianist (b. 1930)
2001 – Stavros Damianides, Greek musician (b. 1941)
2003 – Louis Archambault, Canadian sculptor (b. 1915)
2003 – Henryk Jablonski, President of Poland (b. 1909)
2004 – Salvador Laurel, Vice President of the Philippines (b. 1928)
2004 – Jack Paar, American television show host (b. 1918)
2005 – Shah A M S Kibria, Finance Minister of Bangladesh (b. 1931)
2006 – Jean-Christophe Lafaille, French mountaineer (disappeared) (b. 1965)
2006 – Gene McFadden, American singer and songwriter (b. 1948)
2006 – Johannes Rau, 8th President of Germany (b. 1931)
2007 – Tige Andrews, American actor (b. 1920)
2007 – Yang Chuan-kwang, Taiwanese athlete (b. 1933)
2007 – Alberta Davis, American supercentenerian ( b. 1881)
2008 – Gordon B. Hinckley, American religious leader (b. 1910)
2008 – Suharto, President of Indonesia (b. 1921)
2008 – Louie Welch, mayor of Houston (b. 1918)
2009 – John Updike, American novelist (b. 1932)
2009 – R. Venkataraman, 8th President of India (b. 1910)
2010 – Zelda Rubinstein, American actress (b. 1933)
2010 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist (b. 1919)
2010 – Howard Zinn, American historian and activist (b. 1922)