Almanac - March 12
Jack Kerouac 1922-1969
Events
- 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of the victorious Roman general, Belisarius.
- 1550 – Several hundred Spanish and indigenous troops under the command of Pedro de Valdivia defeat an army of 60,000 Mapuche at the Battle of Penco during the Arauco War in present-day Chile.
- 1622 – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Jesuits, are canonized as saints by the Catholic Church.
- 1664 – New Jersey becomes a colony of England.
- 1689 – The Williamite War in Ireland begins.
- 1811 – Peninsular War: A day after a successful rear guard action, French Marshal Michel Ney once again successfully delayed the pursuing Anglo-Portuguese force at the Battle of Redinha.
- 1868 – Henry O'Farrell attempts to assassinate Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.
- 1881 – Andrew Watson makes his Scotland debut as the world's first black international football player and captain.
- 1912 – The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
- 1913 – Canberra Day: The future capital of Australia is officially named Canberra. (Melbourne remained temporary capital until 1927 while the new capital is still under construction.)
- 1918 – Moscow becomes the capital of Russia again after Saint Petersburg held this status for 215 years.
- 1921 – Istiklal Marsi was adopted in TBMM(Turkish grand national assembly).
- 1922 – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan formed The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- 1928 – In California, the St. Francis Dam fails; the resulting floods kill over 600 people.
- 1930 – Mahatma Gandhi leads a 200-mile march, known as the Salt March, to the sea in defiance of British opposition, to protest the British monopoly on salt.
- 1933 – Great Depression: Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the nation for the first time as President of the United States. This is also the first of his "fireside chats".
- 1934 – Konstantin Päts and General Johan Laidoner stage a coup in Estonia, and ban all political parties.
- 1938 – Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria.
- 1940 – Winter War: Finland signs the Moscow Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union, ceding almost all of Finnish Karelia. Finnish troops and the remaining population are immediately evacuated.
- 1947 – The Truman Doctrine is proclaimed to help stem the spread of Communism.
- 1950 – The Llandow air disaster occurs near Sigingstone, Wales, in which 80 people die when their aircraft crashed, making it the world's deadliest air disaster at the time.
- 1964 – New Hampshire Lottery: New Hampshire becomes the first U.S. state to legally sell lottery tickets in the 20th century.
- 1967 – Suharto takes over from Sukarno to become Acting President of Indonesia.
- 1968 – Mauritius achieves independence.
- 1971 – The March 12 Memorandum is sent to the Demirel government of Turkey and the government resigns.
- 1992 – Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1993 – Several bombs explode in Bombay (Mumbai), India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more.
- 1993 – North Korea nuclear weapons program: North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to its nuclear sites.
- 1993 – The Blizzard of 1993 – Snow begins to fall across the eastern portion of the US with tornadoes, thunder snow storms, high winds and record low temperatures. The storm lasts for 30 hours.
- 1994 – The Church of England ordains its first female priests.
- 1999 – Former Warsaw Pact members the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland join NATO.
- 2003 – Zoran Ðindic, Prime Minister of Serbia, is assassinated in Belgrade.
- 2004 – The President of South Korea, Roh Moo-hyun, is impeached by its National Assembly: the first such impeachment in the nation's history.
- 2009 – Financier Bernard Madoff plead guilty in New York to scamming $18 billion, the largest in Wall Street history.
- 2011 – A reactor at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant melts and explodes and releases radioactivity into the atmosphere a day after Japan's earthquake.
Births
- 1270 – Charles of Valois, son of Philip III of France (d. 1325)
- 1478 – Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1516)
- 1607 – Paul Gerhardt, German hymnist (d. 1676)
- 1613 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (d. 1700)
- 1620 – Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Swiss philologist and theologian (d. 1667)
- 1626 – John Aubrey, English antiquary and writer (d. 1697)
- 1637 – Anne Hyde, wife of James II of England (d. 1671)
- 1647 – Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie, French general (d. 1727)
- 1672 – Richard Steele, Irish writer and politician (d. 1729)
- 1685 – George Berkeley, Irish theologian (d. 1753)
- 1710 – Thomas Arne, English composer (d. 1778)
- 1713 – Johann Adolph Hass, German clavichord and harpsichord maker (d. 1771)
- 1718 – Joseph Damer, English politician (d. 1798)
- 1781 – Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden (d. 1826)
- 1806 – Jane Pierce, First Lady of the United States (d. 1863)
- 1821 – Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, Canadian statesman (d. 1893)
- 1824 – Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (d. 1887)
- 1831 – Clement Studebaker, American automobile executive (d. 1901)
- 1832 – Charles Boycott, British land agent (d. 1897)
- 1835 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-born American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1909)
- 1837 – Alexandre Guilmant, French organist and composer (d. 1911)
- 1838 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist (d. 1907)
- 1859 – Abraham H. Cannon, American religious figure (d. 1896)
- 1863 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer (d. 1938)
- 1863 – Vladimir Vernadsky, Russian mineralogist (d. 1945)
- 1864 – William Halse Rivers Rivers, British psychiatrist (d. 1922)
- 1864 – Alice Tegnér, Swedish composer and organist (d. 1943)
- 1874 – Charles Weeghman, American restaurateur and owner of Chicago Cubs (d. 1938)
- 1878 – Gemma Galgani, Catholic saint and mystic (d. 1903)
- 1880 – Henry Drysdale Dakin, British-born American biochemist (d. 1952)
- 1880 – Nikolaos Georgantas, Greek discus thrower (d. 1958)
- 1881 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, first President of Turkey (d. 1938)
- 1881 – Gunnar Nordström, Finnish physicist (d. 1923)
- 1883 – Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian Nazi official (d. 1959)
- 1889 – Þórbergur Þórðarson, Icelandic author (d. 1974)
- 1889 – King Idris I of Libya (d. 1983)
- 1890 – Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish ballet dancer (d. 1950)
- 1890 – William Dudley Pelley, American spiritualist and politician (d. 1965)
- 1890 – Evert Taube, Swedish author and composer (d. 1976)
- 1891 – George W. Mason, American industrialist (d. 1954)
- 1895 – William C. Lee, American Army general (d. 1948)
- 1907 – Arthur Hewlett, British actor (d. 1997)
- 1907 – Dorrit Hoffleit, American astronomer (d. 2007)
- 1908 – Rita Angus, New Zealand painter (d. 1970)
- 1908 – David Saul Marshall Singaporean statesman (d. 1995)
- 1910 – Masayoshi Ohira, Japanese statesman (d. 1980)
- 1911 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican statesman (d. 1979)
- 1912 – Irving Layton, Canadian poet (d. 2006)
- 1912 – Paul Weston, American pianist, arranger and conductor (d. 1996)
- 1913 – Yashwantrao Chavan, Indian politician (d. 1984)
- 1913 – Agathe von Trapp, member of the Trapp family signers (d. 2010)
- 1914 – Julia Lennon, mother of John Lennon (d. 1958)
- 1915 – Willibald C. Bianchi, American Army officer and Medal of Honor winner (d. 1945)
- 1917 – Millard Kaufman, American screenwriter (d. 2009)
- 1917 – Googie Withers, British actress
- 1918 – Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
- 1919 – Mike Stepovich, American attorney and last territorial governor of Alaska
- 1921 – Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (d. 2003)
- 1921 – Ülo Jõgi, Estonian historian and anti-Soviet activist (d. 2007)
- 1921 – Gordon MacRae, American singer and actor (d. 1986)
- 1922 – Jack Kerouac, American writer (d. 1969)
- 1922 – Lane Kirkland, American labor leader (d. 1999)
- 1923 – Hjalmar Andersen, Norwegian speed skater
- 1923 – Norbert Brainin, Austrian violinist (d. 2005)
- 1923 – Clara Fraser, American feminist and activist (d. 1998)
- 1923 – Hanne Hiob, German actress (d. 2009)
- 1923 – Wally Schirra, American astronaut (d. 2007)
- 1923 – Mae Young, American professional wrestler
- 1924 – Claude-Gilles Gosselin, Canadian politician
- 1924 – Henri Rochon, Canadian tennis player (d. 2005)
- 1925 – Louison Bobet, French cyclist (d. 1983)
- 1925 – Georges Delerue, French film composer (d. 1992)
- 1925 – Leo Esaki, Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate
- 1925 – Harry Harrison, American author
- 1926 – George Ariyoshi, American politician
- 1926 – DeLois Barrett Campbell, American gospel singer (d. 2011)
- 1927 – Raúl Alfonsín, Argentine politician (d. 2009)
- 1928 – Edward Albee, American dramatist
- 1928 – Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Canadian politician and senator
- 1928 – Aldemaro Romero, Venezuelan musician (d. 2007)
- 1929 – Win Tin, Burmese journalist
- 1930 – Bronco Horvath, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1930 – Vernon Law, American baseball player
- 1931 – Herbert Kelleher, American airline executive
- 1931 – Billie "Buckwheat" Thomas, American actor (d. 1980)
- 1932 – Andrew Young, American civil rights activist and politician
- 1933 – Barbara Feldon, American actress and model
- 1935 – John Doherty, English footballer (d. 2007)
- 1936 – Patrick Procktor, English artist (d. 2003)
- 1936 – Eddie Sutton, American college basketball coach
- 1938 – Lew DeWitt, American country singer and songwriter (The Statler Brothers) (d. 1990)
- 1938 – Johnny Rutherford, American automobile racer
- 1938 – Dimitri Terzakis, Greek composer
- 1940 – Al Jarreau, American singer
- 1940 – M.A. Numminen, Finnish singer and writer
- 1940 – Joe Unger, American actor
- 1943 – Ratko Mladic, Serbian military commander
- 1942 – Jimmy Wynn, American baseball player
- 1945 – Sammy Gravano, American organized crime figure
- 1946 – Liza Minnelli, American singer and actress
- 1946 – Frank Welker, American voice actor
- 1946 – Serge Turgeon, Canadian actor and union leader (d. 2004)
- 1946 – Peter Whalley, British television writer and author
- 1947 – Peter Harry Carstensen, German politician
- 1947 – Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist (d. 1987)
- 1947 – Mitt Romney, American politician, 70th governor of Massachusetts
- 1948 – Virginia Bottomley, British politician
- 1948 – Kent Conrad, American politician
- 1948 – James Taylor, American musician
- 1949 – Rob Cohen, American film director, producer and writer
- 1949 – Moctesuma Esparza, Mexican producer and filmmaker
- 1949 – Natalia Kuchinskaya, Soviet gymnast
- 1949 – David Mellor, British QC, politician and broadcaster
- 1950 – Javier Clemente, Spanish football manager
- 1950 – Jon Provost, American actor
- 1950 – Wheeler Winston Dixon, American filmmaker, critic and author
- 1952 – Pierre Roy, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1952 – Naomi Shihab Nye, American poet, songwriter, and novelist
- 1952 – Randy Stonehill, American singer-songwriter, CCM
- 1953 – Carl Hiaasen, American journalist and author
- 1953 – Ron Jeremy, American pornographic actor
- 1956 – Steve Harris, English musician (Iron Maiden)
- 1956 – Dale Murphy, American baseball player
- 1957 – Patrick Battiston, French footballer
- 1957 – Marlon Jackson, American singer and musician (The Jackson 5)
- 1958 – Matt Millen, American football player
- 1960 – Kipp Lennon, American singer
- 1960 – Minoru Niihara, Japanese singer
- 1960 – Maki Nomiya, Japanese singer (Pizzicato Five)
- 1960 – Courtney B. Vance, American actor
- 1961 – Joseph Facal, Canadian politician
- 1962 – Julia Campbell, American actress
- 1962 – Darryl Strawberry, American baseball player
- 1963 – Joaquim Cruz, Brazilian runner
- 1963 – Ian Holloway, English football manager
- 1963 – Princess Farahnaz Pahlavi of Iran
- 1965 – Steve Finley, American baseball player
- 1965 – Shawn Gilbert, American baseball player
- 1965 – Steve Levy, American sports journalist
- 1965 – Coleen Nolan, British singer
- 1965 – Liza Umarova, Chechen torch singer
- 1966 – Grant Long, American basketball player
- 1966 – John Thompson III, American basketball coach
- 1967 – Julio Dely Valdes, Panamanian footballer
- 1968 – Tammy Duckworth, American politician, military aviator
- 1968 – Aaron Eckhart, American actor
- 1969 – Graham Coxon, English musician (Blur)
- 1969 – Jake Tapper, American journalist
- 1970 – Dave Eggers, American writer, editor, and publisher
- 1970 – Roy Khan, Norwegian singer (Kamelot)
- 1970 – John Nemechek, American NASCAR driver (d. 1997)
- 1970 – Ray Prewitt, American actor
- 1970 – Rex Walters, American basketball player
- 1971 – Tony Eveready, American adult film actor
- 1971 – Isaiah Rider, American basketball player
- 1972 – Hector Luis Bustamante, Colombian actor
- 1972 – James Maritato, American wrestler
- 1974 – Chris Parr, American basketball player
- 1974 – Steve Price, Australia rugby league player
- 1975 – Kelle Bryan, English singer
- 1975 – Annabel Port, English radio presenter
- 1975 – Todd Rock, American state legislator
- 1976 – Panagiotis Bahramis, Greek footballer (d. 2010)
- 1976 – Zhao Wei, Chinese actress
- 1977 – Ramiro Corrales, American footballer
- 1978 – Christianne Klein, American journalist and television personality
- 1978 – Masuimi Max, American model
- 1978 – Casey Mears, American auto racer
- 1978 – Claudio Sanchez, American musician (Coheed and Cambria)
- 1978 – Arina Tanemura, Japanese manga artist
- 1979 – Rhys Coiro, American actor
- 1979 – Pete Doherty, English musician
- 1979 – Nidia Guenard, American wrestler
- 1979 – Enrico Kern, German footballer
- 1979 – Shaun Rogers, American football player
- 1979 – Edwin Villafuerte, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1979 – Jamie Dwyer, Australian hockey player
- 1980 – John-Paul Lavoisier, American actor
- 1980 – Douglas Murray, Swedish ice hockey player
- 1981 – Kenta Kobayashi, Japanese wrestler
- 1981 – Maurizio Lauro, Italian footballer
- 1982 – Samm Levine, American actor
- 1982 – Zach Miner, American baseball player
- 1982 – Tobias Schweinsteiger, German footballer
- 1983 – Atif Aslam, Pakistani singer
- 1983 – Mikko Koivu, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1984 – Jaimie Alexander, American actress
- 1984 – Shreya Ghoshal, Indian singer
- 1985 – Stromae, Belgian singer and songwriter
- 1985 – Bradley Wright-Phillips, English footballer
- 1986 – Danny Jones, English singer (McFly)
- 1986 – Ben Offereins, Australian athlete
- 1987 – Chris Seitz, American footballer
- 1987 – Teimour Radjabov, Azerbaijani chess player
- 1988 – Konstantinos Mitroglou, Greek footballer
- 1989 – Tyler Clary, American swimmer
- 1994 – Christina Grimmie, American singer, songwriter, pianist
- 1994 – Tyler Patrick Jones, American actor
- 1995 – Kanon Fukuda, Japanese singer
Deaths
- 417 – Pope Innocent I
- 604 – Pope Gregory I
- 1289 – King Demetre II of Georgia (b. 1259)
- 1316 – King Stephen Dragutin of Serbia (b. 1253)
- 1374 – Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan (b. 1336)
- 1447 – Shah Rukh, ruler of Persia and Transoxonia (b. 1377)
- 1507 – Cesare Borgia, Italian general and statesman (b. 1475)
- 1608 – Koriki Kiyonaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1530)
- 1628 – John Bull, English composer
- 1648 – Tirso de Molina, Spanish writer (b. 1571)
- 1681 – Frans van Mieris, Sr., Dutch painter (b. 1635)
- 1699 – Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman (b. 1635)
- 1757 – Giuseppe Galli-Bibiena, Italian architect/painter (b. 1696)
- 1790 – Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1710)
- 1820 – Alexander Mackenzie, Scottish explorer (b. 1764)
- 1832 – Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (b. 1786)
- 1858 – William James Blacklock, British landscape painter (b. 1816)
- 1872 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese politician and general (b. 1811)
- 1894 – Illarion Pryanishnikov, Russian painter (b. 1840)
- 1898 – Zacharias Topelius, Finnish-Swedish writer (b. 1818)
- 1908 – Edmondo De Amicis, Italian children's writer (b. 1846)
- 1909 – Joe Petrosino, American police lieutenant (b. 1860)
- 1914 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur and engineer (b. 1846)
- 1916 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (b. 1830)
- 1925 – Gergely Luthár, Hungarian Slovene writer (b. 1841)
- 1925 – Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary and politician (b. 1866)
- 1929 – Asa Griggs Candler, American businessman (b. 1851)
- 1930 – William George Barker, Canadian fighter ace (b. 1894)
- 1930 – Alois Jirásek, Czech writer (b. 1851)
- 1937 – Jeno Hubay, Hungarian violinist (b. 1858)
- 1937 – Charles-Marie Widor, French organist and composer (b. 1844)
- 1942 – Robert Bosch, German industrialist (b. 1861)
- 1943 – Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (b. 1869)
- 1944 – Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer (b. 1861)
- 1945 – Friedrich Fromm, German Army Officer (b. 1861)
- 1946 – Ferenc Szálasi, Hungarian politician (executed) (b. 1897)
- 1947 – Winston Churchill, American novelist (b. 1871)
- 1955 – Charlie Parker, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1920)
- 1973 – Frankie Frisch, American baseball player (b. 1898)
- 1974 – George D. Sax, American entrepreneur (b. 1904)
- 1975 – Olga Hepnarová, Czech mass murderer (b. 1951)
- 1978 – John Cazale, American actor (b. 1935)
- 1978 – Gene Moore, American baseball player (b. 1909)
- 1984 – Arnold Ridley, English playwright and actor (b. 1896)
- 1985 – Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (b. 1899)
- 1987 – Woody Hayes, American football coach (b. 1913)
- 1989 – Maurice Evans, English-born actor (b. 1901)
- 1990 – Wallace Breem, British author (b. 1926)
- 1991 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, Nobel laureate (b. 1900)
- 1991 – William Heinesen, Faroese writer, poet and artist (b. 1900)
- 1995 – Juanin Clay, American actress (b. 1949)
- 1998 – Judge Dread, English musician (b. 1945)
- 1998 – Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (b. 1924)
- 1998 – Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramist (b. 1893)
- 1999 – Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (b. 1916)
- 2001 – Morton Downey, Jr., American television talk show host (b. 1933)
- 2001 – Robert Ludlum, American author (b. 1927)
- 2002 – Spyros Kyprianou, Cypriot politician (b. 1932)
- 2002 – Jean-Paul Riopelle, Canadian painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
- 2003 – Zoran Ðindic, Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1952)
- 2003 – Howard Fast, American author (b. 1914)
- 2003 – Andrei Kivilev, Kazakh cyclist (b. 1973)
- 2003 – Lynne Thigpen, American actress (b. 1948)
- 2005 – Bill Cameron, Canadian journalist (b. 1943)
- 2005 – Stavros Koujioumtzis, Greek songwriter (b. 1932)
- 2006 – Victor Sokolov, Russian dissident journalist and priest (b. 1947)
- 2007 – Hege Nerland, Norwegian politician (b. 1966)
- 2008 – Jorge Guinzburg, Argentine journalist, producer and media host (b. 1949)
- 2008 – Lazare Ponticelli, French soldier (b. 1897)
- 2010 – Miguel Delibes, Spanish novelist (b. 1920)
- 2011 – Olive Dickason, Canadian historian (b. 1920)
- 2011 – Joe Morello, American jazz drummer (Dave Brubeck Quartet; b. 1923)
Holidays and observances
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