today.nukz.net: Almanac July 7

Marc Chagall (7 July 1887 – 28 March 1985), was a Belarusian-Russian-French artist associated with several major artistic styles and one of the most successful artists of the 20th century.

He was an early modernist, and created works in virtually every artistic medium, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints.

Events

1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
1534 – European colonization of the Americas: first known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in New Brunswick.
1543 – French troops invade Luxembourg.
1575 – Raid of the Redeswire, the last major battle between England and Scotland.
1585 – The Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.
1770 – The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
1798 – Quasi-War: the U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the "war".
1807 – Napoleonic Wars: the Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the Fourth Coalition.
1834 – In New York City, four nights of rioting against abolitionists began.
1846 – Mexican-American War: American troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the U.S. acquisition of California.
1863 – United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
1865 – American Civil War: four conspirators in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
1892 – Katipunan: the Revolutionary Philippine Brotherhood is established, contributing to the fall of the Spanish Empire in Asia.
1898 – U.S. President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
1911 – The United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
1915 – World War I: end of First Battle of the Isonzo.
1915 – An International Railway trolley with an extreme overload of 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, killing 15.
1915 – Militia officer Henry Pedris executed by firing squad at Colombo, Ceylon - an act widely regarded as a miscarriage of justice by the British colonial authorities.
1928 – Sliced bread is sold for the first time by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.
1930 – Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
1937 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Lugou Bridge – Japanese forces invade Beijing, China.
1941 – World War II: U.S. forces land in Iceland, taking over from an earlier British occupation.
1941 – World War II: Beirut is occupied by Free France and British troops.
1944 – World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.
1946 – Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
1946 – Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 spy plane prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
1952 – The ocean liner SS United States passes Bishop's Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.
1953 – Ernesto "Che" Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.
1954 – Elvis Presley made his radio debut when WHBQ Memphis played his first recording for Sun Records, "That's All Right."
1956 – Fritz Moravec and two other Austrian mountaineers make the first ascent of Gasherbrum II (8,035 m).
1958 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.
1959 – Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
1978 – The Solomon Islands become independent from the United Kingdom.
1980 – Institution of sharia in Iran.
1980 – During the Lebanese civil war, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.
1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
1983 – Cold War: Samantha Smith, a U.S. schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov.
1985 – Boris Becker becomes the youngest player ever to win Wimbledon at age 17
1991 – Yugoslav Wars: the Brioni Agreement ends the ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.
2002 – A scandal breaks out in the United Kingdom when news reports accuse MI6 of sheltering Abu Qatada, the supposed European Al Qaeda leader.
2005 – A series of four explosions occurs on London's transport system killing 56 people including four alleged suicide bombers and injuring over 700 others.
2011 – Roof of a stand in De Grolsch Veste Stadium in Enschede which was under construction collapsed, one killed and 14 injured.

Births

1053 – Emperor Shirakawa, of Japan (d. 1129)
1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
1207 – Princess Elisabeth of Hungary Catholic saint (d. 1231)
1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I (d. 1590)
1586 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman and art collector (d. 1646)
1656 – Guru Har Krishan, Indian religious figure (d. 1664)
1746 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (d. 1826)
1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor (d. 1834)
1766 – Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (d. 1815)
1833 – Félicien Rops, Belgian artist, and printmaker in etching and aquatint (d. 1898)
1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1926)
1848 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician (d. 1919)
1851 – Charles Tindley, American gospel music composer (d. 1933)
1855 – Ludwig Ganghofer, German writer (d. 1920)
1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
1874 – Erwin Bumke, German jurist (d. 1945)
1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist (d. 1958)
1887 – Marc Chagall, Russian painter (d. 1985)
1891 – Virginia Rappe, American actress (d. 1921)
1891 – Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general (d. 1945)
1893 – Miroslav Krleža, Croatian writer (d. 1981)
1899 – George Cukor, American director (d. 1983)
1900 – Earle E. Partridge, American military commander (d. 1990)
1901 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian director (d. 1974)
1901 – Sam Katzman, American film producer (d. 1973)
1901 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese film producer (d. 1970)
1902 – Ted Radcliffe, American baseball player and centenarian (d. 2005)
1904 – Simone Beck, French chef (d. 1991)
1906 – William Feller, Croatian-American mathematician/probabilist (d. 1970)
1906 – Anna Marie Hahn, German-born American serial killer (d. 1938)
1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player (d. 1985)
1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (d. 1982)
1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American writer (d. 1988)
1908 – Revilo P. Oliver, American academic and White nationalism advocate (d. 1994)
1911 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (d. 2005)
1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian composer (d. 2007)
1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American blues pianist (d. 2011)
1915 – Margaret Abigail Walker Alexander, American novelist and poet (d. 1998)
1917 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández, El Salvador politician (d. 2003)
1919 – Jon Pertwee, English actor (d. 1996)
1920 – Bhaktaraj Maharaj, Indian Hindu figure (d. 1995)
1921 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
1921 – Adolf von Thadden, German politician (d. 1996)
1922 – Alan Armer, American television producer, and director (d. 2010)
1922 – Pierre Cardin, French fashion designer
1924 – Mary Ford, American singer (d. 1977)
1925 – Wally Phillips, American radio personality (d. 2008)
1927 – Carmen Basilio, American boxer
1927 – Charlie Louvin, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2011) (Louvin Brothers)
1927 – Doc Severinsen, American composer and jazz trumpeter
1929 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (d. 2005)
1930 – John Little, Scottish footballer
1930 – Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
1930 – Hank Mobley, American jazz composer and saxophonist (d. 1986)
1931 – David Eddings, American fantasy novelist (d. 2009)
1932 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian jazz composer and keyboardist (d. 2007)
1933 – Murray Halberg, New Zealand middle distance runner
1933 – David McCullough, American historian and author
1933 – Bruce Wells, English boxer and actor (d. 2009)
1936 – Jo Siffert, Swiss race car driver (d. 1971)
1936 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer (d. 1980)
1937 – Tung Chee-Hwa, Hong Kong administrator
1940 – Ringo Starr, English drummer and singer (The Beatles)
1941 – Marco Bollesan, Italian rugby player and coach
1941 – Michael Howard, British politician
1941 – Bill Oddie, English comedian and ornithologist
1942 – Carmen Duncan, Australian actress
1943 – Toto Cutugno, Italian singer
1943 – Joel Siegel, American film critic (d. 2007)
1944 – Tony Jacklin, English golfer
1945 – Michael Ancram, British politician
1945 – Matti Salminen, Finnish opera singer
1946 – Joe Spano, American actor
1947 – Gyanendra, deposed king of Nepal
1947 – Víctor Manuel, Spanish songwriter and singer
1947 – Howard Rheingold, American critic and writer
1947 – Felix Standaert, Belgian diplomat
1947 – Rob Townsend, English drummer (Family)
1948 – Jean Leclerc, French-Canadian actor
1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress
1952 – Mando Guerrero, Mexican professional wrestler
1954 – Rami Fortis, Israeli rock singer (Minimal Compact)
1955 – Len Barker, American baseball player
1957 – Jonathan Dayton, American film director
1957 – Berry Sakharof, Turkish-born Israeli guitarist (Minimal Compact)
1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor
1959 – Jessica Hahn, American model
1959 – Ben Linder, American engineer (d. 1987)
1960 – Kevin A. Ford, American astronaut
1960 – Ralph Sampson, American basketball player
1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer
1965 – Mo Collins, American actress
1965 – Paula Devicq, Canadian actress
1965 – Jeremy Kyle, English television presenter
1965 – Jeremy Guscott, English rugby player
1965 – Sam Holbrook, American baseball umpire
1966 – Jim Gaffigan, American comedian
1966 – Gundula Krause, German folk violinist
1966 – Neil Tobin, American magician and psychic entertainer
1967 – Tom Kristensen, Danish race car driver
1967 – Jackie Neal, American singer (d. 2005)
1968 – Amy Carlson, American actress
1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress
1968 – Allen Payne, American actor
1968 – Jeff VanderMeer, American writer
1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger
1969 – Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Nathalie Simard, French Canadian singer
1969 – Cree Summer, American voice actress
1969 – Robin Weigert, American actress
1970 – Robia LaMorte, American actress and dancer
1970 – Wayne McCullough, Irish boxer
1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist
1971 – Christian Camargo, American actor
1971 – Alistair Potts, British rower
1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player
1972 – Manfred Stohl, Austrian rally driver
1972 – Kirsten Vangsness, American actress
1973 – Troy Garity, American actor
1973 – José Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
1973 – Matt Mantei, American baseball player
1973 – Karlis Skrastinš, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
1973 – Natsuki Takaya, Japanese manga artist
1973 – Kailash Kher, Indian singer
1974 – Patrick Lalime, Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – E.D.I. Mean, American Rapper (Outlawz)
1975 – Tony Benshoof, American luger
1975 – Michael Voss, Australian rules footballer
1976 – Dominic Foley, Irish footballer
1976 – Natasha Collins, English actress (d. 2008)
1977 – D-Loc, American rapper (Kottonmouth Kings)
1977 – Felix Vasquez, American municipal employee
1978 – Chris Andersen, American basketball player
1978 – Davor Kraljevic, Croatian footballer
1979 – Anastasios Gousis, Greek sprinter
1979 – Carl Breeze, British racing driver
1980 – John Buck, American baseball player
1980 – Deidre Downs, American beauty queen
1980 – Kaisa Jouhki, Indonesian singer (Battlelore)
1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
1980 – Dan Whitesides, American drummer (The Used)
1981 – Synyster Gates, American guitarist (Avenged Sevenfold)
1981 – Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
1982 – Cassidy, American rapper
1982 – Mike Glita, American bassist (Senses Fail)
1982 – Nick Karner, American filmmaker
1982 – Jan Laštuvka, Czech footballer
1982 – George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
1983 – Justin Davies, Australian rules footballer
1983 – Ciara Newell, Irish singer (Bellefire)
1983 – D. Woods, American singer (Danity Kane)
1984 – Minas Alozidis, Greek hurdler
1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
1984 – Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
1984 – Marie-Mai, Canadian singer
1985 – Marc Stein, German footballer
1986 – Ana Kasparian, American radio personality
1986 – Udo Schwarz, German rugby player
1987 – Julianna Guill, American actress
1987 – Lena Ma, Canadian beauty pageant contestant
1988 – Kaci Brown, American singer
1988 – Lukas Rosenthal, German rugby player
1988 – Ilan Rubin, American drummer (Nine Inch Nails)
1988 – Jack Whitehall, British comedian
1989 – Kim Bum, South Korean actor
1990 – Lee Addy, Ghanaian football player
1992 – Toni Garrn, German model
1997 – Erina Ikuta, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
2000 – Princess Purnika of Nepal

Deaths

1304 – Pope Benedict XI (b. 1240)
1307 – King Edward I of England (b. 1239)
1537 – Madeleine of Valois, French-born Queen consort of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)
1572 – King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (b. 1520)
1573 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (b. 1507)
1593 – Mohammed Bagayogo, Malian scholar (b. 1523)
1647 – Thomas Hooker, English-born Connecticut colonist (b. 1586)
1663 – Thomas Baltzar, German violinist
1701 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
1713 – Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford and member of the Privy Council of England (b. 1632)
1730 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate (b. 1688 or 1690)
1764 – William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician (b. 1683)
1776 – Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
1790 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
1816 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and politician (b. 1751)
1855 – Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
1865 – Mary Surratt, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and the first woman ever executed in the USA (b. 1823)
1865 – Lewis Payne, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1844)
1865 – David Herold, American conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1842)
1865 – George Atzerodt, German-born conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1833)
1878 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)
1890 – Henri Nestlé, German confectioner and founder of Nestlé S.A. (b. 1814)
1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
1913 – Edward Burd Grubb, Jr., American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
1922 – Cathal Brugha, Chief of Staff of Irish Republican Army (b. 1874)
1925 – Clarence Hudson White American photographer (b. 1871)
1927 – Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician (b. 1846)
1930 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (b. 1859)
1932 – Alexander Grin, Russian novelist (b. 1880)
1932 – Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian (b. 1844)
1942 – Thomas Xenakis, Greek gymnast (b. 1875)
1949 – Bunk Johnson, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1879 or 1889)
1954 – Idabelle Smith Firestone, American composer and songwriter (b. 1874)
1956 – Gottfried Benn, German poet (b. 1886)
1960 – Francis Browne, Irish photographer (b. 1880)
1964 – Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower (b. 1904)
1965 – Moshe Sharett, Ukraine-born 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
1967 – Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913)
1968 – Jo Schlesser, French race car driver (b. 1928)
1971 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian writer (b. 1925)
1971 – Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b. 1901)
1972 – Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1886)
1972 – King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
1973 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
1973 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1919)
1975 – Ruffian, American thoroughbred racehorse (b. 1972)
1976 – Walter Giesler, American football coach (b. 1910)
1980 – Dore Schary, American film producer and writer (b. 1905)
1981 – Peace Pilgrim, American pacifist and activist (b. 1908)
1984 – Carl Boenish, American BASE jumping supporter (b. 1941)
1984 – Alexander Fu Sheng, Hong Kong actor (b. 1954)
1987 – Hannelore Schroth, German actress (b. 1922)
1990 – Cazuza, Brazilian poet, singer and composer (b. 1958)
1990 – Bill Cullen, American game show host (b. 1920)
1993 – Mia Zapata, American singer (The Gits) (b. 1965)
1994 – Carlo Chiti, Italian race car engineer (b. 1924)
1994 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German Luftwaffe officer (b. 1907)
1998 – M. K. O. Abiola, Nigerian industrialist and politician (b. 1937)
1999 – Captain Vikram Batra, Indian Army officer and Param Vir Chakra recipient (b. 1974)
1999 – Julie Campbell Tatham, American writer (b. 1908)
2000 – Kenny Irwin, Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
2001 – Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
2002 – Bison Dele, American basketball player (b. 1969)
2003 – Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian-born conductor (b. 1924)
2003 – Vlado Kristl, Croatian painter, animator and film director (b. 1923)
2006 – Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
2006 – Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Pink Floyd) (b. 1946)
2006 – John Money, New Zealand-born American sexologist (b. 1921)
2008 – Bruce Conner, American sculptor, painter and photographer (b. 1933)
2008 – Dorian Leigh, American supermodel (b. 1917)