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Almanac July 19 :: Edgar Degas

Edgar Degas, born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, (19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917), was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism although he rejected the term, and preferred to be called a realist. A superb draftsman, he is especially identified with the subject of the dance, and over half of his works depict dancers. These display his mastery in the depiction of movement, as do his racecourse subjects and female nudes. His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and depiction of human isolation.

Events

64 – Great Fire of Rome: a fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control. According to a popular, but untrue legend, Nero fiddled as the city burned.
484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.
711 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete – Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.
1333 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill – The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.
1544 – Italian War of 1542: the first Siege of Boulogne begins.
1545 – The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.
1553 – Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after only nine days of reign.
1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.
1701 – Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.
1702 – Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.
1832 – The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.
1843 – Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
1848 – Women's rights: a two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York; there the "Bloomers" are introduced.
1863 – American Civil War: Morgan's Raid – At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
1864 – Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking – The Qing Dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
1900 – The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.
1908 – Dutch football club Feyenoord was founded
1916 – World War I: Battle of Fromelles – British and Australian troops attack German trenches in a prelude to the Battle of the Somme.
1919 – Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen riot and burn down Luton Town Hall.
1940 – World War II: Battle of Cape Spada – The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
1940 – World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
1942 – World War II: Battle of the Atlantic – German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
1947 – The Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members are assassinated by Galon U Saw.
1947 – Korean politician Yuh Woon-Hyung is assassinated.
1961 – Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.
1963 – Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
1964 – Vietnam War: at a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
1972 – Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.
1976 – Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
1979 – The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
1981 – In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French Prime Minister François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing that the Soviets had been stealing American technological research and development.
1983 – The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
1985 – The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
1989 – United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.
1992 – A car bomb placed by mafia with collaboration of Italian intelligence kills judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort
1997 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

Births

1670 – Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
1744 – Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
1759 – Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
1759 – Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1782)
1771 – Thomas Talbot, Irish-born Canadian administrator (d. 1853)
1789 – John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
1800 – Juan José Flores, Venezuelan military commander and Ecuadorian politician (d. 1864)
1814 – Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
1819 – Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
1822 – Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
1827 – Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
1834 – Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
1849 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
1860 – Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
1865 – Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
1868 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American opera singer (d. 1945)
1876 – John Gunn, England cricketer (d. 1963)
1876 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious figure (d. 1972)
1877 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
1883 – Max Fleischer, Austrian-born American animator and film producer (d. 1972)
1886 – Michael Fekete, Hungarian-born Israeli mathematician (d. 1957)
1888 – Enno Lolling, German physician (d. 1945)
1892 – Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
1893 – Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
1894 – Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
1894 – Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bengali politician (d. 1965)
1895 – Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
1896 – A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
1896 – Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
1898 – Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
1904 – Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer; last direct descendant of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1985)
1907 – Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
1912 – Norman Carr, British conservationist (d. 1997)
1914 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)
1916 – Eve Merriam, American poet and playwright (d. 1992)
1916 – Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player (d. 2010)
1917 – William Scranton, American politician
1919 – Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
1919 – Dallas McKennon, American actor (d. 2009)
1919 – Patricia Medina, English-born actress (d. 2012)
1920 – Robert Mann, composer/violinist with Juilliard String Quartet
1920 – Aldo Protti, Italian baritone (d. 1995)
1921 – Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2011)
1921 – Harold Camping, American evangelist
1922 – George McGovern, American politician
1923 – Joseph Hansen (writer), American crime writer and poet (d. 2004)
1923 – William A. Rusher, American newspaper columnist (d. 2011)
1924 – Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
1924 – Pat Hingle, American actor (d. 2009)
1924 – Arthur Rankin, Jr., American writer, producer and director
1925 – Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
1926 – Helen Gallagher, American actress
1932 – Buster Benton, blues singer & guitarist
1932 – Jan Lindblad, Swedish naturalist, writer and photographer (d. 1987)
1934 – Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
1935 – Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
1937 – George Hamilton IV, American country singer
1938 – Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
1938 – Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
1938 – Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
1940 – Dennis Cole, American actor (d. 2009)
1941 – Vikki Carr, American singer
1941 – Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU-executive
1943 – Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor
1944 – Tim McIntire, American actor (d. 1986)
1945 – George Dzundza, American actor
1946 – Stephen Coonts, American author
1946 – Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
1946 – Ilie Nastase, Romanian tennis player
1947 – Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
1947 – Bernie Leadon, The Eagles guitarist
1947 – Brian May, English guitarist (Queen)
1948 – Beverly Archer, American actress
1948 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboardist (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
1949 – Ivar Kants, Australian actor
1950 – Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician
1950 – Freddy Moore, American songwriter
1951 – Abel Ferrara, American filmmaker
1951 – Reza Kianian, Iranian actor
1951 – Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
1952 – Allen Collins, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
1952 – Robert A. Ficano, American politician
1952 – John Griesheimer, American politician
1954 – Alvan Adams, American basketball player
1954 – Srda Trifkovic, Serbian-born American journalist
1955 – Roger Binny, Indian cricketer
1956 – Joe Mohen, American internet entrepreneur
1956 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
1956 – Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
1958 – Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
1958 – David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
1959 – Juan Jose Campanella, Argentinian filmmaker
1960 – Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
1960 – Kevin Haskins, British drummer
1961 – Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
1961 – Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian
1961 – Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
1961 – Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
1961 – Campbell Scott, American actor
1962 – Anthony Edwards, American actor
1962 – Aya Kito, Japanese writer (d. 1988)
1963 – Garth Nix, Australian fantasy writer
1964 – André A. Jackson, French-born American diamond executive
1964 – Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
1965 – Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
1965 – Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
1965 – Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer
1966 – David Segui, American baseball player
1966 – Nancy Walls, American actress
1967 – Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
1967 – Muriel Degauque, Belgian terrorist (d. 2005)
1967 – Stuart Howe, Canadian operatic tenor
1968 – Robert Flynn, American vocalist and guitarist (Machine Head)
1968 – Jim Norton, American radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
1968 – Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer
1969 – Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
1970 – Bill Chen, American quantitative analyst
1971 – Russell Allen, American vocalist (Symphony X)
1971 – Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
1971 – Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
1971 – Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
1972 – Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
1972 – Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
1973 – Laurits Munch-Petersen, Danish film director
1973 – Martin Powell, English violinist and keyboardist (Cradle of Filth, My Dying Bride)
1973 – Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
1973 – Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player
1974 – Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
1974 – Francisco Copado, German footballer
1974 – Malcolm O'Kelly, Irish rugby union footballer
1974 – Preston Wilson, American baseball player
1975 – Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer
1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, British actor
1976 – Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
1976 – Vinessa Shaw, American actress
1977 – Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
1977 – Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
1977 – Ed Smith, English cricketer
1979 – Rick Ankiel, American baseball player
1979 – Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
1979 – Michelle Heaton, British pop singer
1979 – Luke Young, English footballer
1980 – Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
1980 – Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
1980 – Mark Webber, American actor
1981 – David Bernard, Jamaican West Indies cricketer
1981 – Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby league player
1981 – Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
1981 – Didz Hammond, English bass guitarist (Dirty Pretty Things, The Cooper Temple Clause)
1981 – Nenê, Brazilian footballer
1981 – Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
1982 – Christopher Bear, American drummer (Grizzly Bear)
1982 – Jared Padalecki, American actor
1982 – Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
1982 – Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
1983 – Helen Skelton, British TV presenter
1984 – Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
1984 – Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
1984 – Andrea Libman, Canadian actress and voice actress
1984 – Diana Mocanu, Romanian swimmer
1984 – Adam Morrison, American basketball player
1984 – Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian hockey player
1984 – Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
1985 – LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player
1986 – Leandro Greco, Italian footballer
1987 – Marc Murphy, Australian rules footballer
1987 – Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist
1988 – Shane Dawson, American YouTube comedian
1988 – Jakub Kovár, Czech ice hockey player
1989 – Liam Phillips, BMX racing cyclist
1992 – Jake Nicholson, English footballer
1995 – Simone, Amazing, beautiful, smart, student

Deaths

514 – Pope Symmachus
931 – Uda of Japan (b. 867)
1374 – Francesco Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
1415 – Philippa of Lancaster (b. 1359)
1543 – Mary Boleyn, sister of Anne Boleyn (b. c. 1499)
1631 – Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
1687 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
1692 – Sarah Good, American Salem witch trials figure (b. 1653)
1692 – Susannah Martin, American Salem witch trials figure (b. 1621)
1742 – William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
1810 – Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
1814 – Matthew Flinders, English explorer (b. 1774)
1824 – Agustín de Iturbide, Emperor of México (b. 1783)
1838 – Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
1850 – Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
1857 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
1868 – Soji Okita, Japanese samurai
1896 – Abraham H. Cannon, American religious figure (b. 1859)
1913 – Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
1939 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
1943 – Yekaterina Budanova, Soviet female pilot (b. 1916)
1947 – Aung San, Burmese nationalist (b. 1915)
1947 – U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
1947 – Yuh Woon-Hyung, Korean politician (b. 1886)
1965 – Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
1969 – Stratis Myrivilis, Greek writer (b. 1890)
1974 – Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
1974 – Erno Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player (b. 1904)
1975 – Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
1980 – Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1912)
1980 – Hans Morgenthau, German political philosopher (b. 1904)
1981 – Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
1982 – John Harvey, English stage and film actor (b. 1911)
1982 – Hugh Everett, American physicist (b. 1930)
1984 – Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
1985 – Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
1989 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish politician (b. 1913)
1990 – Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
1992 – Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate (b. 1940)
1998 – Elmer Valo, Slovak-American baseball player (b. 1921)
2002 – Dave Carter, American folksinger (b. 1952)
2002 – Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
2003 – Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
2003 – Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
2004 – Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
2004 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
2005 – Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
2005 – John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
2006 – Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
2007 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
2007 – Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
2008 – Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)
2008 – Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
2009 – Frank McCourt, Irish-American writer (b. 1930)
2009 – Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
2010 – Sokratis Giolias, Greek investigative journalist and broadcaster (b. 1973)
2010 – Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (b. 1975)

Holidays and observances

Burmese Martyrs' Day (Burma)
Christian Feast Day:
Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (Nicaragua)

Almanac July 18 :: Clifford Odets

Clifford Odets (July 18, 1906 – August 14, 1963) was an American playwright, screenwriter, and director.

Odets was born in Philadelphia to Louis Odets (born Gorodetsky) and Pearl Geisinger, Russian- and Romanian-Jewish immigrants, and raised in Philadelphia and the Bronx, New York. He dropped out of high school after two years to become an actor. In 1931, he became a founding member of the Group Theatre, a highly influential New York theatre company that utilized an acting technique new to the United States. This technique was based on the system devised by the Russian actor and director Constantin Stanislavski. It was further developed by Group Theatre director Lee Strasberg and became known as The Method. Odets eventually became the Group's primary playwright.

Events

390 BCE – Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia – a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
362 – Roman-Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B'Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
1389 – Kingdom of France and Kingdom of England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, in inaugurating a 13-year peace; the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years War.
1391 – Tokhtamysh-Timur War: Battle of the Kondurcha River – Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present day southeast Russia.
1555 – The College of Arms was reincorporated by Royal Charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
1656 – Polish-Lithuanian forces clash with Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the start of what is to be known as The Battle of Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish victory.
1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war against the French.
1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Wagner/Morris Island – the first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, fails in their assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving definite status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
1942 – World War II: the Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jet engines for the first time.
1944 – World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
1955 – The first Disneyland theme park, in Anaheim, California, officially opens to the public.
1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
1968 – The Intel Corporation is founded in Santa Clara, California.
1969 – After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a bridge and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
1976 – Nadia Comaneci became the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
1982 – 268 campesinos ("peasants" or "country people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.
1984 – McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: in a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
1986 – A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
1992 – The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappear from their university in Lima.
1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentinian Jewish Communal Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec's costliest natural disasters ever: the Saguenay Flood.
1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army's base, killing over 1200 Army soldiers.

Births

1501 – Isabella of Burgundy, wife of Christian II of Denmark (d. 1526)
1504 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575)
1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
1634 – Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
1635 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)
1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
1670 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747)
1718 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808)
1720 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist (d. 1793)
1724 – Duchess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, German composer, singer, harpsichordist and patron (d. 1780)
1797 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879)
1811 – William Makepeace Thackeray, English author (d. 1863)
1818 – Louis De Geer, 1st Swedish Prime Minister (d. 1896)
1821 – Pauline Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)
1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1873)
1845 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (d. 1915)
1850 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (d. 1939)
1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
1862 – Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich, Russian general (d. 1933)
1864 – Phillip Snowden, British politician (d. 1937)
1867 – Margaret Brown, American activist, philanthropist, and RMS Titanic passenger (d. 1932)
1871 – Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (d. 1946)
1881 – Larry McLean, baseball player (d. 1921)
1884 – Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank and secretary of the 1958 conclave (d. 1979)
1886 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., American general (d. 1945)
1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian soldier, politician and convicted traitor (d. 1945)
1890 – Frank Forde, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian football player (d. 1969)
1895 – George "Machine Gun Kelly" Barnes, American gangster (d. 1954)
1895 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (d. 1991)
1897 – E. A. D. Eldridge, British racing driver (d. 1935)
1898 – John Stuart, Scottish actor (d. 1979)
1899 – Ernst Scheller, German Nazi politician (d. 1942)
1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French writer (d. 1999)
1902 – Jessamyn West, American writer (d. 1984)
1903 – Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
1906 – S. I. Hayakawa, American semanticist and politician (d. 1992)
1906 – Clifford Odets, American writer (d. 1963)
1908 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress (d. 1944)
1908 – Mildred Lisette Norman, American peace activist, earned the moniker Peace Pilgrim (d. 1981)
1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat and President (d. 1989)
1909 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
1909 – Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)
1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian film personality (d.1989)
1911 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
1912 – Max Rousié, French rugby footballer (d. 1950)
1913 – Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
1914 – Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)
1916 – Johnny Hopp, baseball player (d. 2003)
1917 – Henri Salvador, French singer (d. 2008)
1918 – Nelson Mandela, South African politician, President (1994-1999); Nobel Peace Prize laureate
1920 – Eric Brandon, British racing driver (d. 1982)
1921 – Richard Leacock, documentary filmmaker, Pioneer of Cinéma Vérité (d. 2011)
1921 – John Glenn, American astronaut and politician
1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher (d. 1996)
1923 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
1924 – Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer (d. 2011)
1925 – Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete (d. 2004)
1925 – Hubert Doggart, English cricketer
1926 – Robert Sloman, writer (d. 2005)
1926 – Margaret Laurence, Canadian writer (d. 1987)
1927 – Kurt Masur, Silesian-born conductor
1929 – Dick Button, American figure skater
1929 – Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer (d. 2000)
1930 – Burt Kwouk, English actor
1932 – Robert Ellis Miller, American film director
1933 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet
1933 – Syd Mead, American industrial and conceptual designer
1933 – Jean Yanne, French film actor and director (d. 2003)
1934 – Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)
1934 – Roger Reynolds, American composer and teacher
1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Hindu religious leader
1936 – Ted Harris, Canadian ice hockey player
1937 – Roald Hoffman, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1937 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director
1938 – Ian Stewart, Scottish pianist (d. 1985)
1939 – Dion DiMucci, American singer
1939 – Brian Auger, British musician
1939 – Edward Gramlich, American economics professor (d. 2007)
1939 – Jerry Moore, American football coach
1940 – James Brolin, American actor
1940 – Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager
1941 – Frank Farian, German music producer
1941 – Lonnie Mack, American guitarist and singer
1941 – Martha Reeves, American singer
1942 – Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician
1942 – Bobby Susser, American songwriter and record producer
1942 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)
1944 – David Hemery, British athlete
1946 – Leo Madder, Belgian actor
1946 – Doug McFarland, American politician
1947 – Steve Forbes, American entrepreneur and politician
1947 – Steven W. Mahoney, Canadian politician
1948 – Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel laureate
1948 – Carlos Colón, Sr., Puerto Rican professional wrestler
1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer
1950 – Jerome Barkum, American football player
1950 – Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur
1950 – Glenn Hughes, American singer (Village People) (d. 2001)
1950 – Jack Layton, Canadian politician (d. 2011)
1950 – Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer
1950 – Mark Udall, American politician
1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician
1951 – Margo Martindale, American actress
1953 – Warren Wiebe, American singer (d. 1998)
1954 – Ricky Skaggs, American country/bluegrass musician
1955 – Terry Chambers, English drummer (XTC)
1955 – Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
1956 – Razor Shines, American baseball player, manager and coach
1957 – Sir Nick Faldo, English golfer
1957 – Keith Levene, English musician (Public Image Limited)
1960 – Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress
1961 – M.J. Alexander, American author and photographer
1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
1961 – Alan Pardew, English football manager
1962 – Lee Arenberg, American actor
1962 – Jensen Buchanan, American actress
1962 – Jack Irons, American drummer
1962 – Shaun Micallef, Australian comedian
1963 – Martín Torrijos Espino, President of Panama
1963 – Mike Greenwell, baseball player
1963 – Al Snow, American professional wrestler
1964 – Wendy Williams, radio host
1965 – Jim Bob Duggar, Arkansas politician and patriarch of the Duggar family
1965 – Vesselina Kasarova, Bulgarian opera singer
1966 – Lori Alan, American actress
1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor
1968 – Grant Bowler, Australian actor
1968 – Alex Désert, Haitian-American actor and musician
1969 – Masanori Murakawa, Japanese professional wrestler
1970 – Cheryl Casone, American news anchor
1971 – Penny Hardaway, American basketball player
1971 – Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress
1974 – Alan Morrison, British poet
1975 – Torii Hunter, baseball player
1975 – Daron Malakian, American guitarist (System of a Down, Scars on Broadway)
1975 – M.I.A., hip hop/world music singer songwriter
1976 – Valerie Cruz, American actress
1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish actress
1977 – Dylan Lane, American television host
1977 – Kelly Reilly, English actress
1977 – Alfian bin Sa'at, Singaporean writer, poet and playwright
1978 – Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player
1978 – Ben Sheets, American baseball player
1978 – Mélissa Theuriau, French newscaster
1978 – Verónica Romeo, Spanish singer
1978 – Annie Mac, British DJ
1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
1979 – Jared Hess, American film director and screenwriter
1979 – Joey Mercury, American professional wrestler
1979 – Jermaine Paul, American musician
1979 – Jason Weaver, American actor
1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress
1980 – Ryoko Hirosue, Japanese actress and singer
1982 – Ryan Cabrera, American musician and TV host
1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress and beauty queen
1982 – Dominika Luzarová, Czech tennis player
1983 – Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer
1983 – Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer
1985 – Chace Crawford, American actor
1985 – Hopsin, American rapper
1985 – Panagiotis Lagos, Greek footballer
1988 – César Villaluz, Mexican footballer
1988 – Änis Ben-Hatira, German-born Tunisian footballer
1989 – Sebastian Mielitz, German footballer
1989 – Yohan Mollo, French footballer
1991 – Karina Pasian, American singer and pianist
1993 – Lee Taemin, South Korean singer, dancer and actor (Shinee)
2004 – Giuliano Stroe, Romanian weightlifter and bodybuilder

Deaths

715 – Muhammad bin Qasim (b. 695)
1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon, Protector of the Holy Sepulcher
1300 – Gerard Segarelli, founder of the Apostolic Brethren
1488 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
1591 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
1608 – Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
1610 – Caravaggio, Italian artist (b. 1573)
1639 – Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
1695 – Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
1698 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633)
1721 – Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
1730 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644)
1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch dramatist and poet (b. 1683); other date proposed is July 9 (see)
1792 – John Paul Jones, American naval commander (b. 1747)
1817 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
1863 – Robert Gould Shaw, American military officer (b. 1837)
1872 – Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (b. 1806)
1884 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist (b. 1829)
1892 – Thomas Cook, English travel agent (b. 1808)
1899 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)
1916 – Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author (b. 1835)
1918 – Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna (b. 1864)
1925 – Louis Nazaire Bégin, Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Quebec (b. 1840)
1937 – Julian Bell, British poet (b. 1908)
1938 – Queen Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
1944 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English poet and author (b. 1870)
1948 – Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian and politician (b. 1877)
1949 – Vítezslav Novák, Czech composer (b. 1870)
1952 – Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect (b. 1862)
1952 – Jack Earle, American actor and sideshow performer (b. 1906)
1953 – Lucy Booth, daughter of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1868)
1954 – George "Machine Gun Kelly" Barnes, American gangster (b. 1895)
1966 – Bobby Fuller, American rock singer (b. 1942)
1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
1969 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American Robert F. Kennedy campaign worker (b. 1940)
1973 – Jack Hawkins, English film actor (b. 1910)
1982 – Lionel Daunais, French-Canadian singer and composer (b. 1902)
1985 – Shahnawaz Bhutto, son of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (b. 1958)
1985 – Louisa Ghijs, Belgian stage actress and wife of Johannes Heesters (b. 1902)
1988 – Nico, German model and singer (b. 1938)
1988 – Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924)
1989 – Donnie Moore, American baseball player (b. 1954)
1989 – Marika Nezer, Greek actress (b. 1906)
1989 – Rebecca Schaeffer, American actress (b. 1967)
1990 – Yoon Boseon, President of South Korea (b. 1897)
1990 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (b. 1896)
1990 – Gerry Boulet, Quebec rock singer (b. 1946)
1990 – Johnny Wayne, Canadian comedian (b. 1918)
1995 – Srinagarindra, Mother of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand (b. 1900)
1995 – Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
1997 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American astronomer (b. 1928)
1999 – Meir Ariel, Israeli singer-songwriter (b. 1942)
2001 – Mimi Farina, American singer (b. 1945)
2001 – James Hatfield, American author (b. 1958)
2001 – Fabio Taglioni, Italian motorcycle designer and engineer (b. 1920)
2002 – Victor Emery, British theoretical physicist (b. 1933)
2004 – Paul Foot, British journalist (b. 1937)
2004 – Émile Peynaud, French oenologist (b. 1912)
2005 – William Westmoreland, American military officer (b. 1914)
2005 – Bill Hicke, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
2007 – George Caiazzo, American professional wrestler (b. 1969)
2007 – Jerry Hadley, American opera singer, (b. 1952)
2007 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (b. 1908)
2008 – Khosrow Shakibai, Iranian actor (b. 1944)
2009 – Henry Allingham, British supercentenarian and World War I veteran (b. 1896)
2009 – Jill Balcon, British actress (b. 1925)