today.nukz.net: Almanac September 13

Clara Schumann (née Clara Josephine Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German musician and composer, considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era. She exerted her influence over a 61-year concert career, changing the format and repertoire of the piano recital and the tastes of the listening public. Her husband was the composer Robert Schumann. She and her husband encouraged Johannes Brahms, and she was the first pianist to give public performances of some of Brahms' works, notably the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel.

Events

585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
122 – Construction of Hadrian's Wall begins.
335 – Emperor Constantine the Great consecrated the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
533 – Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimum, near Carthage, North Africa.
1213 – End of Battle of Muret, during the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy.
1229 – Ögedei Khan is proclaimed Khagan of the Mongol Empire in Kodoe Aral, Khentii: Mongolia.
1501 – Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.
1504 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.
1541 – After three years of exile, John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine known as Calvinism.
1584 – San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.
1609 – Henry Hudson reaches the river that would later be named after him – the Hudson River.
1743 – Great Britain, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
1782 – American Revolutionary War: Franco-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
1788 – The Philadelphia Convention sets the date for the first presidential election in the United States, and New York City becomes the country's temporary capital.
1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution.
1808 – Finnish War: In the Battle of Jutas, Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
1812 – War of 1812: A supply wagon sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
1814 – In a turning point in the War of 1812, the British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland.
1843 – The Greek Army rebels (OS date: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king Otto of Greece, demanding the granting of a constitution.
1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American troops under General Winfield Scott capture Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
1848 – Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage survives a 3-foot (0.91 m)-plus iron rod being driven through his head; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate thinking about the nature of the brain and its functions.
1850 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
1862 – American Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam.
1882 – The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
1898 – Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
1899 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
1906 – First flight of a fixed-wing aircraft in Europe.
1914 – World War I: South African troops open hostilities in German south-west Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
1914 – World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.
1922 – The temperature at 'Aziziya, Libya reaches a world record 57.8 °C (136.0 °F).
1922 – The final act of the Greco-Turkish War, the Great Fire of Smyrna, commences.
1923 – Following a military coup in Spain, Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
1933 – Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
1935 – Rockslide near Whirlpool Rapids Bridge ends the International Railway (New York – Ontario).
1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeated attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army with heavy losses for the Japanese forces.
1943 – The Municipal Theatre of Corfu is destroyed during an aerial bombardment by Luftwaffe.
1948 – Deputy Primer Minister of India Vallabhbhai Patel ordered the Army to move into the Hyderabad to integrate it with Indian Union.
1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
1956 – IBM introduces the first computer disk storage unit, the RAMAC 305.
1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lam Van Phat and Duong Van Duc fail in a coup attempt against General Nguyen Khanh.
1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt.
1971 – People's Republic of China: Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao flees the country via plane after the failure of alleged coup against Mao. The plane crashes in Mongolia, killing all aboard.
1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa).
1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die from radiation poisoning.
1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure).
1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with PLO chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing the Oslo Accords granting limited Palestinian autonomy.
1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the U.S. after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
2008 – Delhi, India, is hit by a series of bomb blasts, resulting in 30 deaths and 130 injuries.
2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston and surrounding areas.

Births

64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Ruler of Palenque (d. 730)
786 – Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph (d. 833)
1087 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat (d. 1507)
1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
1521 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
1583 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Ferrarese keyboardist and composer (d. 1643)
1594 – Francesco Manelli, Italian composer, particularly of opera; and theorbo player (d. 1667)
1601 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1678)
1604 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (d. 1661)
1676 – Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine (d. 1741)
1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
1766 – Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and writer (d. 1880)
1813 – John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d. 1864)
1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
1842 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
1851 – Walter Reed, American physician and biologist (d. 1902)
1857 – Michal Drzymala, Polish peasant rebel (d. 1937)
1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician and union leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
1865 – William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
1866 – Ole Østmo, Norwegian sharpshooting champion (d. 1923)
1873 – Constantin Carathéodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
1874 – Henry Fountain Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
1877 – Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (d. 1962)
1880 – Marcel Van Crombrugge, Belgian rower (d. 1940)
1880 – Jesse L. Lasky, American film producer (d. 1958)
1882 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
1883 – LeRoy Samse, American athlete (d. 1956)
1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian geometer (d. 1962)
1886 – Amelie Beese, German aviator and sculptor. (d. 1925)
1886 – Sir Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
1887 – Lavoslav Ružicka, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1976)
1891 – Max Pruss, Prussian commander of the Hindenburg (d. 1960)
1893 – Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
1894 – J.B. Priestley, English playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
1895 – Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
1898 – Roger Désormière, French conductor (d. 1963)
1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
1903 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
1904 – Gladys George, American stage and screen actress (d. 1954)
1908 – Karolos Koun, Greek theater director (d. 1987)
1908 – Sicco Mansholt, Dutch statesmand (d.1995)
1909 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (d. 1998)
1909 – Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster
1910 – Stefanos Natsinas, Greek politician (d. 1976)
1911 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
1914 – Leonard Feather, British jazz pianist, composer, journalist (d. 1994)
1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
1917 – Robert Ward, American composer
1918 – Dick Haymes, Argentine singer and actor (d. 1980)
1919 – Mary Midgley, British philosopher
1920 – Else Holmelund Minarik, Danish American children's author (d. 2012)
1922 – Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d. 1999)
1922 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer (d. 2008)
1923 – Edouard Boubat, French photographer (d. 1999)
1924 – Norman Alden, American actor
1924 – Harold Blair, Australian tenor, Aboriginal activist (d. 1976)
1924 – Scott Brady, American film actor (d. 1985)
1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
1925 – Mel Tormé, American singer (d. 1999)
1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
1926 – J. Frank Raley, American politician (d. 2012)
1927 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
1930 – Robert Gavron, Baron Gavron, British printing millionaire
1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
1931 – Robert Bédard, Canadian tennis player
1931 – Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, Australian athlete and politician, Governor of South Australia
1933 – Eileen Fulton, American actress
1933 – Donald Mackay, Australian anti-drugs campaigner (d. 1977)
1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian neo-Nazi
1936 – Joe E. Tata, American actor
1937 – Don Bluth, American animator
1938 – Judith Martin, American etiquette writer
1938 – John Smith, Labour Party Leader 1992 – 1994 (d. 1994)
1939 – Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor
1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
1940 – Óscar Arias, Costa Rican politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
1940 – Kerry Stokes, Australian billionaire businessman
1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
1942 – Michel Côté, Canadian politician
1944 – Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2009)
1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
1944 – Midget Farrelly, Australian surfer
1944 – Leslie Harvey, Scottish rock guitarist (d.1972)
1945 – Noël Godin, Belgian humorist
1945 – Andres Küng, Swedish-Estonian politician, journalist (d. 2002)
1946 – Frank Marshall, American film producer
1948 – Nell Carter, American actress (d. 2003)
1948 – Dimitri Nanopoulos, Greek physicist
1948 – Sitiveni Rabuka, Fijian revolutionary and politician
1949 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarist (MC5) (d. 1994)
1949 – John W. Henry, American businessman and Liverpool F.C owner
1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Polish politician
1950 – Jacky Robert, French-born American chef
1950 – Klaus Wunder, German footballer
1951 – Jean Smart, American actress
1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (Village People)
1952 – Raymond O'Connor, American actor
1952 – Don Was, American singer
1954 – Steve Kilbey, English musician (The Church)
1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
1956 – Alain Ducasse, French/Monégasque chef
1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
1957 – Vinny Appice, American musician (Black Sabbath, Dio, Heaven and Hell)
1957 – Judy Blumberg, American ice dancer
1957 – Mal Donaghy, Northern Irish footballer
1957 – John G. Trueschler, American politician
1958 – Pawel Przytocki, Polish conductor
1958 – Bobby Davro, British Comedian
1959 – Tatyana Mitkova, Russian news anchor
1960 – Greg Baldwin, American voice actor
1961 – Dave Mustaine, American musician (Metallica, Megadeth)
1961 – KK Null, Japanese musician
1961 – Fiona, American rock music singer and actress
1961 – Peter Roskam, American politician
1962 – Tõnu Õnnepalu, Estonian poet and author
1963 – Theodoros Roussopoulos, Greek politician
1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
1965 – Annie Duke, American poker player
1965 – Jeffrey Ross, American comedian
1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
1966 – Maria Furtwängler, German physician
1966 – Louis Mandylor, Australian actor
1967 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
1967 – Tim "Ripper" Owens, American singer (Iced Earth, ex-Judas Priest)
1967 – Stephen Perkins, American percussionist/drummer (Jane's Addiction)
1968 – Brad Johnson, American football player
1968 – Emma Sjöberg, Swedish model
1968 – Bernie Williams, Puerto Rican baseball player
1969 – Ilka Knickenberg, German actress
1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor and filmmaker
1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
1970 – Martín Herrera, former Argentine footballer
1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
1970 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
1970 – Lee Abramson, Musician, Independent Presidential Candidate
1970 – Jason Scott Sadofsky, American programmer
1971 – Goran Ivaniševic, Croatian tennis player
1971 – Manabu Namiki, Japanese composer
1971 – Stella McCartney, English fashion designer
1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
1973 – Kelly Chen, Chinese singer
1973 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
1973 – Mahima Chaudhry, Indian actress
1973 – Carlo Nash, English footballer
1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
1974 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian football player
1974 – Keith Murray, American rapper
1974 – Craig Rivet, Canadian ice hockey player
1975 – Akihiro Asai, Japanese racing driver
1975 – Joe Don Rooney, American musician (Rascal Flatts)
1976 – Craig McMillan, New Zealand cricketer
1976 – Elvis Mihailenko, Latvian boxer
1976 – José Théodore, Canadian ice hockey player
1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer
1977 – Ivan De Battista, Maltese actor and singer
1977 – Daisuke Tsuda, Japanese singer (Maximum the Hormone)
1978 – Megan Henning, American actress
1978 – Peter Sunde, Scandinavian entrepreneur
1979 – Geike Arnaert, Belgian singer (Hooverphonic)
1979 – Ivan Miljkovic, Serbian volleyball player
1980 – Han Chae Young, South Korean actress and model
1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
1980 – Evangelos Nastos, Greek footballer
1980 – Viren Rasquinha, Indian hockey player
1980 – Ben Savage, American actor
1981 – August, American pornographic actress
1981 – Koldo Fernández, Spanish cyclist
1981 – Angelina Love, Canadian professional wrestler
1982 – Lloyd Dyer, English footballer
1982 – Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
1982 – J.G. Quintel, American animator, television writer and voice actor
1982 – Miha Zupan, Slovenian basketball player
1983 – James Bourne, English musician
1984 – Nabil Abou-Harb, American filmmaker
1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model
1985 – David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
1986 – Derek Hardman, American football player
1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
1986 – Sean Williams, American basketball player
1987 – Edenilson Bergonsi, Brazilian footballer
1987 – G.NA, Canadian/South Korean singer
1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby union footballer
1987 – Ajmal Kasab, Pakistani terrorist
1987 – Tsvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
1988 – John Park, Korean-American singer
1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer
1990 – Luciano Narsingh, Dutch footballer
1994 – Anna Schmiedlová, Slovak tennis player
1995 – Robbie Kay, British actor

Deaths

81 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. 39)
1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (b. 1514)
1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr, Queen of Kakheti in Georgia (b. 1565)
1632 – Archduke Leopold V of Austria, regent of the Tirol (b. 1586)
1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
1766 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (b. 1704)
1800 – Claude Martin, French then British General (b. 1735)
1806 – Charles James Fox, English politician (b. 1749)
1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1718)
1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
1815 – Mihály Gáber, Slovene writer in Hungary (b. 1753)
1847 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (b. 1767)
1872 – Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
1881 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
1885 – Friedrich Kiel, Austrian composer (b. 1821)
1894 – Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer (b. 1841)
1905 – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
1910 – Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and music composer (b. 1865)
1912 – Joseph Furphy, Australian novelist (as "Tom Collins"; b. 1843)
1912 – Maresuke Nogi, Japanese general (b. 1849)
1915 – Stefanos Granitsas, Greek writer and journalist (b. 1880)
1915 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
1916 – Mary the elephant, large elephant,hanged for stepping on her trainer.
1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian author (b. 1861)
1937 – David Robertson, Scottish golfer (b. 1869)
1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
1944 – W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist and illustrator (b. 1872)
1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter (b. 1875)
1946 – Amon Göth, commandant of Nazi concentration camp (b. 1908)
1946 – William Watt, Premier of Victoria, Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives (b. 1871)
1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1874)
1960 – Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
1965 – Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
1967 – Sir Robert George, British RAF officer and Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese Marshal and political leader.(b.1907)
1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
1973 – Sajjad Zaheer, Urdu writer and revolutionary (b. 1905)
1976 – Albert Tessier, French Canadian priest, historian and film maker (b. 1895)
1976 – Armand Mondou, French Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
1977 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
1985 – Dane Rudhyar, French-US author, composer, astrologer (b. 1895)
1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
1991 – Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (b. 1936)
1991 – Joe Pasternak, American film director (b. 1901)
1993 – Carl Voss, American ice hockey player (b. 1907)
1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
1997 – Georges Guétary, French singer and actor (b. 1915)
1997 – Georgios Mitsibonas, Greek footballer (b. 1962)
1998 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
1998 – Sir Frank Renouf, New Zealand business tycoon (b. 1918)
1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)
2000 – Betty Jeffrey, Australian nurse, World War II Japanese prisoner (b. 1908)
2001 – Jaroslav Drobný, Czech-Egyptian-British tennis player (b. 1921)
2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
2002 – George Stanley, Canadian historian, author and public servant (b. 1907)
2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill (b. 1925)
2005 – Toni Fritsch, Austrian football and American football player (b. 1945)
2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, Colombian politician (b. 1916)
2006 – Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
2007 – Whakahuihui Vercoe, New Zealand clergyman (b. 1928)
2007 – Clare Oliver, Australian cancer activist (b. 1981)
2009 – Paul Burke, American actor (b. 1926)
2011 – DJ Mehdi, French hip hop and electro producer (b. 1977)
2011 – Walter Bonatti, Italian climber (b. 1930)