today.nukz.net: Almanac September 14

Amy Jade Winehouse (14 September 1983 – 23 July 2011) was an English singer and songwriter known for her powerful deep contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres including R&B, soul and jazz. Winehouse's 2003 debut album, Frank, was critically successful in the UK and was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Her 2006 follow-up album, Back to Black, led to six Grammy Award nominations and five wins, tying the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made Winehouse the first British female to win five Grammys, including three of the "Big Four": Best New Artist, Record of the Year and Song of the Year.

Events

81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.
1180 – Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.
1607 – Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.
1682 – Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.
1741 – George Frideric Handel completes his oratorio Messiah
1752 – The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
1808 – Finnish War: Russians defeat the Swedes in the bloody Battle of Oravais.
1812 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Grande Armée enters Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.
1814 – The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.
1829 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
1846 – Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.
1847 – Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.
1901 – President of the United States William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt.
1917 – Russia is officially proclaimed a republic.
1923 – Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
1939 – World War II: The Estonian military boards the Polish submarine ORP Orzel in Tallinn, sparking a diplomatic incident that the Soviet Union will later use to justify the annexation of Estonia.
1944 – World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.
1954 – In a top secret nuclear test, a Soviet Tu-4 bomber drops a 40 kiloton atomic weapon just north of Totskoye village, exposing some 45,000 soldiers and 10,000 civilians to nuclear fallout.
1958 – The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.
1959 – The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.
1960 – The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
1960 – Congo Crisis: With CIA help, Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.
1969 – The US Selective Service selects September 14 as the First Draft Lottery Date.
1975 – The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.
1979 – Afghan President Nur Muhammad Taraki is assassinated upon the order of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes the new president.
1982 – President-elect of Lebanon, Bachir Gemayel, is assassinated.
1984 – Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a gas balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
1985 – Penang Bridge, the longest bridge in Malaysia, connecting the island of Penang to the mainland, opens to traffic.
1987 – The Toronto Blue Jays set a record for the most home runs in a single game, hitting 10 of them.
1992 – The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina declares the breakaway Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia to be illegal.
1994 – The Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.
1995 – Body Worlds opens in Tokyo, Japan
1998 – Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.
1999 – Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.
2000 – Microsoft releases Windows Me.
2001 – Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.
2003 – In a referendum, Estonia approves joining the European Union.
2007 – Late-2000s financial crisis: The Northern Rock bank experiences the first bank run in the United Kingdom in 150 years.
2008 – All 88 people on board Aeroflot Flight 821 are killed when the plane crashes on approach to Perm Airport.

Births

1384 – Ephraim of Nea Makri, Greek Orthodox saint (d. 1426)
1388 – Claudius Clavus, Danish geographer (d. 15th c.)
1486 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist (d. 1535)
1543 – Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1615)
1547 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619)
1580 – Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (d. 1645)
1656 – Thomas Baker, British antiquarian (d. 1746)
1713 – Johann Kies, German mathematician (d. 1781)
1721 – Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge (d. 1807)
1737 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
1760 – Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (d. 1842)
1769 – Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
1774 – Lord William Bentinck, British soldier, Governor General of India (d. 1839)
1791 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (d. 1867)
1804 – John Gould, British ornithologist (d. 1881)
1804 – Louis Desiré Maigret, French Catholic prelate (d. 1882)
1837 – Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
1847 – Fanny Holland, English singer and comic actress (d. 1931)
1850 – Anton Mahnic, Slovenian Roman Catholic bishop, author and theologian (d. 1920)
1860 – Hamlin Garland, American writer (d. 1940)
1864 – Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1958)
1865 – Edgar Aabye, Danish tug of war competitor (d. 1941)
1867 – Charles Dana Gibson, American artist (d. 1944)
1868 – Théodore Botrel, was a French singer-songwriter, poet and playwright(d. 1925)
1869 – Kid Nichols, American baseball player (d. 1953)
1872 – John Olof Dahlgren, American recipient of the Medal of Honor (d. 1963)
1878 – Ion Dragoumis, Greek diplomat, writer and revolutionary (d. 1920)
1879 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate (d. 1966)
1880 – Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), Orthodox missionary and writer (d. 1961)
1880 – Archie Hahn, American athlete (d. 1955)
1885 – Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor (d. 1975)
1886 – Jan Masaryk, Czech foreign minister and diplomat (d. 1948)
1887 – Paul Kochanski, Polish violinist (d. 1934)
1889 – María Capovilla, previous oldest living person (d. 2006)
1891 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (d. 1983)
1898 – Ernest Nash, German-born archaeologist (d. 1974)
1898 – Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (d. 1986)
1898 – Lawrence Gellert, American ethnomusicologist (disappeared 1979)
1902 – Giorgos Papasideris Greek musician (d. 1977)
1902 – Alice Tully, American music promoter and philanthropist (d. 1993)
1909 – Peter Scott, British naturalist and explorer (d. 1989)
1909 – Stuff Smith, American jazz violinist (d. 1967)
1910 – Lehman Engel, American composer and conductor (d. 1982)
1910 – Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973)
1910 – Yiannis Latsis, Greek shipping tycoon (d. 2003)
1910 – Rolf Liebermann, Swiss composer (d. 1999)
1911 – William H. Armstrong, American children's author (d. 1999)
1913 – Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
1913 – Annalisa Ericson, Swedish actress (d. 2011)
1914 – Mae Boren Axton, American songwriter (d. 1997)
1914 – Lída Baarová, Czech actress (d. 2000)
1914 – Kay Medford, American actress (d. 1980)
1914 – Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
1914 – Robert McCloskey, American author (d. 2003)
1916 – John Heyer, Australian documentary filmmaker (d. 2001)
1916 – Eric Bentley, British-born American critic and playwright
1917 – Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss conductor and violinist (d. 2002)
1917 – Dame Phyllis Frost, Australian welfare worker and philanthropist (d. 2004)
1918 – Georges Berger, Belgian racing driver (d. 1967)
1918 – Cachao López, Cuban musician (d. 2008)
1919 – Deryck Cooke, British musicologist (d. 1976)
1919 – Gil Langley, Australian cricketer, footballer and politician (d. 2001)
1920 – Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (d. 2009)
1920 – Lawrence Klein, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
1920 – Alberto Calderón, Argentine mathematician (d. 1998)
1921 – A. Jean de Grandpré, Canadian businessman and chief executive officer (Bell Canada)
1921 – Dario Vittori, Argentinian actor (d. 2001)
1922 – Michel Auclair, French actor (d. 1988)
1923 – Nicholas Georgiadis, Greek painter, stage and costume designer (d. 2001)
1924 – Patricia Barringer, American professional baseball player (d. 2007)
1924 – Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and author (d. 1994)
1926 – Michel Butor, French novelist
1926 – Richard Ellsasser, American concert organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1972)
1927 – Martin Caidin, American aviation writer (d. 1997)
1927 – Jim Fanning, American baseball player and manager
1928 – Angus Ogilvy, British businessman, husband of Princess Alexandra (d. 2004)
1928 – Jay Cameron, American jazz reed player
1929 – Larry Collins, American writer (d. 2005)
1929 – Maurice Vachon, French Canadian professional wrestler
1930 – Allan Bloom, American academic (d. 1992)
1930 – Romola Costantino, Australian pianist, film critic (d. 1988)
1932 – Harry Sinden, American National Hockey League executive
1932 – John Tembo, Malawian politician
1933 – Zoe Caldwell, Australian stage actress
1933 – Harve Presnell, American actor (d. 2009)
1934 – Sarah Kofman, French philosopher
1934 – Kate Millett, American feminist writer
1934 – Don Walser, American country music singer and yodeller (d. 2006)
1934 – 'Father Bob' Maguire, Australian Catholic priest, community worker and media personality
1935 – Fujio Akatsuka, Japanese cartoonist (d. 2008)
1935 – Amanda Barrie, British actress
1936 – Harry Danielsen, Norwegian politician
1936 – Terence Donovan, British photographer and film director (d. 1996)
1936 – Walter Koenig, American actor
1936 – Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1937 – Renzo Piano, Italian architect
1938 – Nicol Williamson, Scottish-born actor (d. 2012)
1939 – DeWitt Weaver, Professional golfer
1940 – Larry Brown, American basketball player and coach
1940 – Jacques Godin, Canadian film and television actor
1941 – Alberto Naranjo, Venezuelan musician
1941 – Alex St. Clair, American musician (d. 2006)
1942 – Bernard MacLaverty, Northern Irish writer
1942 – Oliver Lake, American jazz saxophonist, flutist, composer and poet
1943 – Irwin Goodman, Finnish rock and folk singer
1944 – Joey Heatherton, American actress and singer
1944 – Günter Netzer, German footballer
1945 – Martin Tyler, British sports broadcaster
1946 – Pete Agnew, Scottish bassist (Nazareth)
1946 – Jim Angle, American journalist and television reporter
1946 – Wolfgang Sühnholz, German footballer
1947 – Jon Bauman, American musician (Sha Na Na)
1947 – Sam Neill, New Zealand actor
1948 – Marc Reisner, American writer (d. 2000)
1949 – Tommy Seebach, Danish musician (d. 2003)
1949 – Eikichi Yazawa, Japanese singer
1949 – Steve Gaines, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
1949 – Ed King, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
1950 – Paul Kossoff, British guitarist (Free) (d. 1976)
1950 – Masami Kuwashima, Japanese race car driver
1950 – Michael Nifong, American attorney
1950 – John Steptoe, American children's author (d. 1989)
1953 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (d. 1998)
1953 – Judy Playfair, Australian swimmer
1954 – Barry Cowsill, American musician (The Cowsills) (d. 2005)
1955 – Geraldine Brooks, Australian-American writer
1955 – Steve Berlin, American saxophonist, keyboardist and record producer
1955 – William Jackson (Scottish composer), Scottish harpist and composer
1956 – Kostas Karamanlis, Greek prime-minister
1956 – Nathalie Roussel, French actress
1956 – Ray Wilkins, English former footballer
1956 – Lefteris Zagoritis, Greek politician
1957 – Tim Wallach, American baseball player
1957 – Kepler Wessels, former Australian and South African cricketer
1958 – Beth Nielsen Chapman, American singer-songwriter
1958 – Arlindo Cruz, Brazilian musician, composer and singer
1959 – Mary Crosby, American actress
1959 – Morten Harket, Norwegian singer (a-ha)
1959 – John Berry (singer), American country music artist
1960 – Melissa Leo, American actress
1960 – Callum Keith Rennie, Canadian actor
1961 – Freeman Mbowe, Tanzanian politician and businessman
1961 – Wendy Thomas, namesake of the eponymous restaurant (Wendy's)
1961 – Martina Gedeck, German actress
1962 – Tom Kurvers, American ice hockey player
1963 – Tony Becker, American actor
1963 – Robin Singh, Indian cricketer
1964 – Faith Ford, American actress
1965 – Michelle Stafford, American actress
1965 – Dmitry Medvedev, Russian politician, former President of Russia
1967 – Dan Cortese, American actor
1967 – Ashlyn Gere, American pornographic actress
1967 – John Power (musician), English singer-songwriter and musician
1967 – Jens Lien, Norwegian film director
1967 – Ariel (DJ), Argentine, UK Based DJ and record producer
1969 – Konstantinos Koukodimos, Greek long jumper and politician
1970 – Francesco Casagrande, Italian cyclist
1970 – Ben Garant, American actor
1970 – Craig Montoya, American musician (Everclear)
1970 – Mark Webber (guitarist), English musician Pulp
1971 – Jeff Loomis, American guitarist (Nevermore)
1971 – Andre Matos, Brazilian musician
1971 – Christopher McCulloch, American television writer and voice actor
1971 – Kimberly Williams, American actress
1972 – David Bell, American baseball player
1973 – Tony Bui, Vietnamese film director
1973 – Terrell Fletcher, American football player
1973 – Andrew Lincoln, British actor
1973 – Nas, American rapper
1973 – Linvoy Primus, English footballer
1973 – Mike Ward, Canadian comedian
1974 – Chad Bradford, American baseball player
1974 – Hicham El Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete
1974 – Mattias Marklund, Swedish guitarist
1974 – Helgi Sigurðsson, Icelandic footballer
1976 – Agustín Calleri, Argentine tennis player
1977 – Thomas Leeb, Austrian musician
1978 – Ben Cohen, English rugby union footballer
1978 – Carmen Kass, Estonian model
1978 – Silvia Navarro, Mexican actress
1978 – Danielle Peck, country music singer
1979 – Jesse Marunde, American strongman/athlete (d. 2007)
1979 – Ivica Olic, Croatian football player
1980 – Ay?, German singer
1981 – Katie Lee, American television presenter
1981 – Miyavi, Japanese musician
1981 – Stefan Reisinger, German footballer
1981 – Ashley Roberts, American singer, dancer & actress (Pussycat Dolls)
1982 – Hiroki Narimiya, Japanese actor
1982 – SoShy, French singer-songwriter
1982 – Petr Prucha, Czech ice hockey player
1982 – Lethal Bizzle, English rapper
1983 – Josh Outman, American baseball player
1983 – Frostee Rucker, American football player
1983 – Amy Winehouse, English singer (d. 2011)
1984 – Adam Lamberg, American actor
1985 – Paolo Gregoletto, American bassist (Trivium)
1985 – Trevis Smith, American football player and convicted sex offender
1985 – Aya Ueto, Japanese actress and singer
1985 – Delmon Young, American baseball player
1986 – Alan Sheehan, Irish footballer
1986 – Tinchy Stryder, British rapper
1986 – Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer, former leader of Japanese girl group Morning Musume
1986 – Andrew James Trauth, American actor
1986 – Steven Naismith, Scottish footballer
1987 – Michael Crabtree, American football player
1988 – Martin Fourcade, French biathlete
1988 – Kirsten Haglund, American beauty pageant contestant
1988 – Diogo Salomão, Portuguese footballer
1989 – Logan Henderson, American actor and musician (Big Time Rush)
1989 – Jesse James, American actor

Deaths

23 – Drusus Julius Caesar, son of the Emperor Tiberius, poisoned (b. 13 BC)
258 – Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage
407 – Saint John Chrysostom, Early Church Father
585 – Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (b. 538)
775 – Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
786 – Al-Hadi, Abbasid caliph (b. 764)
891 – Pope Stephen V
1146 – Zengi, ruler of Syria (b. 1087)
1164 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (b. 1119)
1214 – Albert Avogadro, Italian patriarch of Jerusalem (b. 1149)
1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian author (b. 1265)
1404 – Albert IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1377)
1435 – John, Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389)
1523 – Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
1538 – Henry III of Nassau-Breda, German nobleman (b. 1483)
1605 – Jan Tarnowski, Archbishop of Kraków (b. 1550)
1638 – John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
1646 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)
1712 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-born astronomer (b. 1625)
1715 – Dom Pierre Pérignon, French monk, champagne pioneer (b. 1638)
1743 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (b. 1690)
1749 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (b. 1675)
1759 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (b. 1712)
1807 – George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, British field marshal (b. 1724)
1836 – Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
1851 – James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
1852 – Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812)
1852 – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1769)
1862 – Charles Lennox Richardson, English merchant (b. c. 1834)
1879 – Bernhard von Cotta, German geologist (b. 1808)
1898 – William Seward Burroughs I, American inventor (b. 1857)
1901 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843)
1905 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)
1916 – José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
1927 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
1931 – Tom Roberts, Australian artist (b. 1856)
1936 – Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Russian-American pianist and conductor (b. 1878)
1936 – Irving Thalberg, American film producer (b. 1899)
1937 – Tomáš Masaryk, Czech politician (b. 1850)
1942 – E.S. Gosney, American eugenicist (b. 1855)
1949 – Romuald Joubé, French actor (b. 1876)
1951 – Fritz Busch, German conductor (b. 1890)
1952 – Sir John McPhee, Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1874)
1956 – Frederick Steep, Canadian football player (b. 1874)
1959 – Wayne Morris, American actor (b. 1914)
1960 – M. Karagatsis, Greek author (b. 1908)
1962 – Fred Schule, American athlete (b. 1879)
1965 – J.W. Hearne, English cricketer (b. 1891)
1966 – Gertrude Berg, American actress (b. 1899)
1966 – Nikolay Cherkasov, Soviet actor (b. 1903)
1974 – Warren Hull, American actor (b. 1903)
1975 – Walter Herbert, German conductor and impresario (b. 1902)
1981 – Furry Lewis, American blues guitarist (b. 1899)
1981 – William Loeb III, American newspaper publisher (b. 1905)
1982 – Bachir Gemayel, Lebanese politician (b. 1947)
1982 – John Gardner, American novelist (b. 1933)
1982 – Grace Kelly, American actress, Princess of Monaco (b. 1929)
1982 – Christian Ferras, French violinist (b. 1933)
1984 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1906)
1986 – Gordon McLendon, American radio pioneer and pirate radio broadcaster (b. 1921)
1989 – Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (b. 1916)
1991 – Julie Bovasso, American actor and writer (b. 1930)
1991 – Russell Lynes, American art historian and magazine editor (b. 1910)
1992 – Paul Joseph James Martin, Canadian politician (b. 1903)
1994 – Marika Krevata, Greek actress (b. 1910)
1995 – Maurice K. Goddard, American state government official (b. 1912)
1996 – Rose Ouellette, Canadian actress and comedian (b. 1903)
1996 – Juliet Prowse, British actress and dancer (b. 1937)
1999 – Charles Crichton, English film director (b. 1910)
1999 – Giannos Kranidiotis, Greek diplomat and politician (d. 1947)
2000 – Beah Richards, American actress (b. 1920)
2000 – Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (b. 1906)
2001 – Stelios Kazantzidis, Greek singer (b. 1931)
2003 – Yetunde Price, American sibling of Venus and Serena Williams (b. 1972)
2003 – John Serry, Sr., American musician, (b. 1915)
2003 – Garrett Hardin, American ecologist (b. 1915)
2005 – William Berenberg, American physician (b. 1915)
2005 – Robert Wise, American filmmaker (b. 1914)
2005 – Vladimir Volkoff, French writer (b. 1932)
2005 – Frances Newton, American convicted killer (b. 1965)
2006 – Norman Brooks, Canadian singer (b. 1928)
2006 – Mickey Hargitay, Hungarian actor and bodybuilder (b. 1926)
2006 – Esme Melville, Australian actress (b. 1918)
2007 – Jacques Martin, French television host and producer (b. 1933)
2007 – Robert Savoie, Canadian operatic baritone (b. 1927)
2008 – Stefan Iordache, Romanian actor (b. 1941)
2009 – Keith Floyd, British TV chef (b. 1943)
2009 – Henry Gibson, American actor (b. 1935)
2009 – Jody Powell, American press secretary to Jimmy Carter (b. 1943)
2009 – Darren Sutherland, Irish boxer (b. 1982)
2009 – Patrick Swayze, American actor, dancer, and songwriter (b. 1952)