today.nukz.net: Almanac September 19

Frances Elena Farmer (September 19, 1913 - August 1, 1970) was an American actress of stage and screen. She is perhaps better known for sensationalized and fictional accounts of her life, and especially her involuntary commitment to a mental hospital. Farmer was the subject of three films, three books, and numerous songs and magazine articles.

Events

335 – Flavius Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
1356 – Battle of Poitiers: an English army under the command of Edward, the Black Prince defeats a French army and captures the French king, John II.
1676 – Jamestown is burned to the ground by the forces of Nathaniel Bacon during Bacon's Rebellion.
1692 – Giles Corey is pressed to death after refusing to plead in the Salem witch trials.
1777 – American Revolutionary War: British forces win a tactically expensive victory over the Continental Army in the First Battle of Saratoga.
1778 – The Continental Congress passes the first budget of the United States.
1796 – George Washington's farewell address is printed across America as an open letter to the public.
1799 – French Revolutionary Wars: French-Dutch victory against the Russians and British in the Battle of Bergen.
1846 – Two French shepherd children, Mélanie Calvat and Maximin Giraud, experience a Marian apparition on a mountaintop near La Salette, France, now known as Our Lady of La Salette.
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Iuka – Union troops under General William Rosecrans defeat a Confederate force commanded by General Sterling Price.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Chickamauga.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Paris begins, which will result on January 28, 1871 in the surrender of Paris and a decisive Prussian victory.
1870 – Having invaded the Papal States a week earlier, the Italian Army lays siege to Rome, entering the city the next day, after which the Pope described himself as a Prisoner in the Vatican.
1879 – The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
1881 – U.S. President James A. Garfield dies of wounds suffered in a July 2 shooting.
1893 – Women's suffrage: in New Zealand, the Electoral Act of 1893 is consented to by the governor giving all women in New Zealand the right to vote.
1934 – Bruno Hauptmann is arrested for the kidnap and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr..
1939 – World War II: The Battle of Kepa Oksywska concludes, with Polish losses reaching roughly 14% of all the forces engaged.
1940 – Witold Pilecki is voluntarily captured and sent to Auschwitz in order to smuggle out information and start a resistance.
1944 – Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union is signed. (End of the Continuation War).
1944 – Battle of Hürtgen Forest between United States and Nazi Germany begins.
1945 – Lord Haw Haw (William Joyce) is sentenced to death in London.
1946 – The Council of Europe is founded following a speech by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich.
1946 – The first Cannes Film Festival is held, having been delayed seven years due to World War II.
1952 – The United States bars Charlie Chaplin from re-entering the country after a trip to England.
1957 – First American underground nuclear bomb test (part of Operation Plumbbob).
1959 – Nikita Khrushchev is barred from visiting Disneyland due to security concerns.
1961 – Betty and Barney Hill claim that they saw a mysterious craft in the sky and that it tried to abduct them.
1970 – The first Glastonbury Festival is held at Michael Eavis's farm in Glastonbury, United Kingdom.
1970 – Kostas Georgakis, a Greek student of Geology, sets himself ablaze in Matteotti Square in Genoa, Italy as a protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos.
1971 – Montagnard troops of South Vietnam revolt against the rule of Nguyen Khanh, killing 70 ethnic Vietnamese soldiers.
1972 – A parcel bomb sent to Israeli Embassy in London kills one diplomat.
1973 – King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has his investiture.
1976 – Turkish Airlines Boeing 727 hits the Taurus Mountains, outskirt of Karatepe, Osmaniye, Turkey, killing all 155 passengers and crew.
1976 – Two Imperial Iranian Air Force F-4 Phantom II jets fly out to investigate an unidentified flying object when both independently lose instrumentation and communications as they approach, only to have them restored upon withdrawal.
1978 – The Solomon Islands join the United Nations.
1981 – Simon & Garfunkel reunite for a free concert in New York's Central Park.
1982 – Scott Fahlman posts the first documented emoticons :-) and :-( on the Carnegie Mellon University Bulletin Board System.
1983 – Saint Kitts and Nevis gains its independence.
1985 – A strong earthquake kills thousands and destroys about 400 buildings in Mexico City.
1985 – Tipper Gore and other political wives form the Parents Music Resource Center as Frank Zappa and other musicians testify at U.S. Congressional hearings on obscenity in rock music.
1989 – A terrorist bomb explodes UTA Flight 772 in mid-air above the Tùnùrù Desert, Niger, killing 171.
1990 – Delhi University student Rajiv Goswami attempts Self Immolation during Anti-Reservation agitation in India. Though he survived, his Self Immolation inspired nearly 150 self immolation bids and indirectly led to the Resignation of V P Singh Govt.
1991 – Ötzi the Iceman is discovered by German tourists.
1995 – The Washington Post and The New York Times publish the Unabomber's manifesto.
1997 – Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria; 53 killed.
2006 – The Thai military stages a coup in Bangkok. The Constitution is revoked and martial law is declared.
2010 – The leaking oil well in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is sealed.

Births

86 – Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (d. 161)
866 – Leo VI, Byzantine Emperor (d. 912)
1377 – Albert IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1404)
1551 – King Henry III of France (d. 1589)
1749 – Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician (d. 1822)
1754 – John Ross Key, commissioned officer in the Continental Army, judge, lawyer and the father of Francis Scott Key (d. 1821)
1759 – William Kirby, English entomologist (d. 1850)
1778 – Henry Peter Brougham, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1868)
1774 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian hyperpolyglot (d. 1849)
1796 – Hartley Coleridge, English poet (d. 1849)
1799 – René Caillé, French explorer (d. 1838)
1802 – Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian lawyer and Regent-President (d. 1894)
1803 – Maria Anna of Savoy, Empress of Austria and queen of Hungary and Bohemia (d. 1884)
1811 – Orson Pratt, American religious leader (d. 1881)
1828 – Fridolin Anderwert, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1880)
1840 – Galen Spencer, American archer (d. 1904)
1864 – Ragna Wettergreen, Norwegian actress (d. 1958)
1882 – Christopher Stone, first disc jockey in the United Kingdom (d. 1965)
1887 – Lovie Austin, American jazz pianist (d. 1972)
1887 – Lynne Overman, American actor (d. 1943)
1888 – J. W. Alexander, American mathematician (d. 1971)
1888 – Porter Hall, American actor d. 1953
1889 – Sarah Louise "Sadie" Delany, American physician and author (d. 1999)
1898 – Giuseppe Saragat, President of the Italian Republic (d. 1988)
1900 – Ricardo Cortez, American actor (d. 1977)
1901 – Joe Pasternak, Hungarian-born film producer (d. 1991)
1905 – Leon Jaworski, American Watergate scandal special prosecutor (d. 1982)
1907 – Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr., American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1998)
1908 – Tatsuo Shimabuku, founder of Isshinryu Karate (d. 1975)
1908 – Robert Lecourt, French politician and president of the European Court of Justice (d. 2004)
1908 – Mika Waltari, Finnish novelist (d. 1979)
1908 – Alberto Socarras, Cuban-American flautist (d. 1987)
1909 – Ferry Porsche, Austrian automobile pioneer (d. 1998)
1910 – Margaret Lindsay, American actress (d. 1981)
1910 – Jack Dunham, American animator and television producer (d. 2009)
1911 – Sir William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
1912 – Kurt Sanderling, German conductor (d. 2011)
1913 – Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
1913 – Helen Ward (jazz singer), American jazz singer(d. 1998)
1913 – Maria Tanase, Romanian traditional and folk singer(d. 1963)
1915 – Germán Valdés, Mexican actor, singer and comedian (d. 1973)
1915 – Clyde Moody, bluegrass musician (d. 1989)
1919 – Roger Grenier, French Writer and animator
1920 – Roger Angell, American sports writer
1921 – Paulo Freire, Brazilian educator & writer (d. 1997)
1922 – Damon Knight, American writer (d. 2002)
1922 – Emil Zátopek, Czech athlete (d. 2000)
1926 – Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1926 – James Lipton, American actor, writer and host of Inside the Actors Studio
1926 – Duke Snider, American baseball player (d. 2011)
1927 – Rosemary Harris, English actress
1927 – William Hickey, American actor (d. 1997)
1927 – Nick Massi, American singer and guitarist (The Four Seasons) (d. 2000)
1927 – Helen Carter, American singer, member of the Carter Family (d. 1998)
1928 – Adam West, American actor
1930 – Antonio Margheriti, Italian filmmaker (d. 2002)
1930 – Muhal Richard Abrams, American educator, administrator, composer, arranger, clarinetist, cellist, and jazz pianist
1931 – Brook Benton, American singer (d. 1988)
1931 – Derek Gardner, British Formula 1 car designer (d. 2011)
1933 – Gilles Archambault, Canadian novelist
1933 – David McCallum, Scottish actor
1934 – Brian Epstein, English musical group manager (The Beatles) (d. 1967)
1935 – Benjamin Hacker, American naval aviator (d. 2003)
1936 – Al Oerter, American athlete (d. 2007)
1937 – Abner Haynes, American football player
1939 – Bruce Bastin, folklorist, a leading expert on the Piedmont Blues
1939 – Carl Schultz, Hungarian-Australian film director
1930 – Moshe Weinberg, Israeli wrestling coach (d. 1972)
1940 – Caroline John, English actress (d. 2012)
1940 – Anna Karen, South African–born British actress
1940 – Bill Medley, American singer and songwriter (The Righteous Brothers)
1940 – Ed Westfall, Canadian ice hockey player
1940 – Paul Williams, American composer
1940 – Sylvia Tyson, Canadian musician, singer-songwriter, & broadcaster
1941 – Umberto Bossi, Italian politician
1941 – "Mama" Cass Elliot, American musician (d. 1974)
1942 – Freda Payne, American singer and actress
1943 – André Boudrias, Canadian ice hockey player
1943 – Joe Morgan, American baseball player
1944 – Anders Björck, Swedish politician
1944 – Edmund Joensen, Faroese politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands
1944 – Jean Succar Kuri, Lebanese-born Mexican businessman
1945 – Randolph Mantooth, American actor
1945 – David Bromberg, American multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter
1946 – Brian Henton, English racing driver
1947 – Lol Creme, English musician (10cc, Godley & Creme)
1947 – Brian Hill, American basketball head coach
1947 – Gerd Schwidrowski, German footballer
1948 – Jeremy Irons, English actor
1948 – Mihai Timofti, Moldovan director, actor and musician
1948 – Jan Hoag, American actress
1949 – Sally Potter, English film director and screenwriter
1949 – Ernie Sabella, American actor
1949 – Barry Scheck, American lawyer, co-founder Innocence Project
1949 – Twiggy, English model
1950 – Joan Lunden, American journalist and television host
1951 – Daniel Lanois, Canadian record producer and musician
1952 – Bernard de Dryver, Belgian racing driver
1952 – Gunnar Hökmark, Swedish politician
1952 – Nile Rodgers, American musician and composer
1952 – Rhys Chatham, American musician, primarily trumpet and guitar, and composer
1952 – Henry Kaiser (musician), American guitarist and composer
1953 – Sarana VerLin, violinist, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist
1954 – Michael Wolff, American jazz pianist, composer, producer, actor, and jazz educator
1955 – Richard Burmer, American composer and musician (d. 2006)
1955 – Rex Smith, American singer and actor
1956 – Juan Manuel Fangio II, Argentine racing driver
1956 – Charlie Reliford, American baseball umpire
1957 – Chris Roupas, Greek-American professional basketball player
1958 – Kevin Hooks, American actor and director
1958 – Azumah Nelson, Ghanaian boxer
1958 – Lita Ford, American singer
1958 – Lucky Ali, Indian singer, composer and actor
1960 – Loïc Bigois, French engineer
1960 – Mario Batali, American chef and restaurateur
1962 – Cheri Oteri, American actress and comedian
1962 – Ken Rosenthal, American sportswriter
1963 – Jarvis Cocker, English musician (Pulp)
1963 – David Seaman, English footballer
1964 – Patrick Marber, British playwright
1964 – Bob Papa, American sportscaster
1964 – Kim Richards, American child actress
1964 – Trisha Yearwood, American singer
1965 – Helen Duval, Dutch adult movie actress
1965 – Sabine Paturel, French singer
1965 – Alexandra Vandernoot, Belgian actress
1966 – Soledad O'Brien, American journalist
1966 – Eric Robert Rudolph, American criminal
1966 – Yoshihiro Takayama, Japanese professional wrestler
1967 – Jim Abbott, American baseball player
1967 – Stéphane Crête, Canadian actor
1967 – Alexander Karelin, Russian wrestler
1968 – Jimmy Bower, American drummer (Down),(Crowbar)
1968 – Monica Crowley, American author and commentator
1969 – Jacek Frackiewicz, Polish footballer
1969 – Alkinoos Ioannidis, Cypriot singer and composer
1969 – Kostya Tszyu, Russian/Australian boxer
1969 – Cuong Vu, jazz trumpeter and vocalist
1969 – Tapio Wilska, Finnish singer
1969 – Candy Dulfer, Dutch smooth jazz alto saxophonist
1970 – Dan Bylsma, American ice hockey player
1970 – Gilbert Dionne, Canadian ice hockey player
1970 – Antoine Hey, German footballer
1970 – Takanori Nishikawa, Japanese pop/rock singer
1970 – Victor Williams, American actor
1971 – Sanaa Lathan, American actress
1971 – Mike Sadlo, German footballer
1972 – Matt Cockbain, Australian rugby player
1972 – Ashot Nadanian, Armenian chess player, theoretician and coach
1973 – Nick Colgan, Irish footballer
1973 – Cristiano da Matta, Brazilian racing car driver
1973 – Jeremy Lindsay Taylor, Australian actor
1974 – Jimmy Fallon, American actor and comedian
1974 – Victoria Silvstedt, Swedish model
1975 – Marcus Dunstan, American director and screenwriter
1975 – Gina Trapani, American tech blogger
1976 – Raja Bell, American basketball player
1976 – Jan Hlavác, Czech ice hockey player
1976 – Alison Sweeney, American actress
1976 – Jim Ward, American musician (At the Drive-In, Sparta)
1976 – Jessica York, American television personality
1976 – Eesha Koppikhar, Indian actress and model
1977 – Kyle Cease, American actor and comedian
1977 – Akash Chopra, Indian cricketer
1977 – Tasha Danvers, British Olympic bronze medalist
1977 – Josef Fares, Swedish film director
1977 – Danny Forster, American television host and producer and architect
1977 – Fung Ka Ki, Hong Kong footballer
1977 – Scott Orlinger, American wrestler
1977 – Poon Yiu Cheuk, Hong Kong footballer
1977 – Tommaso Rocchi, Italian footballer
1977 – Maria Rita, Brazilian singer
1977 – Mike Smith, American baseball pitcher
1977 – Emil Sutovsky, Israeli chess Grandmaster
1977 – Wu Jiaduo, Chinese table tennis player
1978 – Michelle Alves, Brazilian model
1978 – Nick Johnson, American baseball player
1978 – Nigel Mitchell, British broadcaster
1978 – Ramin Karimloo, Iranian/Canadian musical theater actor
1978 – Amil, American rapper, singer, and songwriter
1978 – Jorge López Montaña, Spanish footballer
1979 – Dannielle Brent, English actress
1979 – Joel Houston, Australian musician and songwriter
1979 – Noémie Lenoir, French model and actress
1980 – Amber Lancaster, American model and actress
1980 – Sara Quin, Canadian musician
1980 – Tegan Quin, Canadian musician
1980 – Dimitri Yachvili, French rugby player
1981 – Damiano Cunego, Italian cyclist
1981 – Rick DiPietro, American ice hockey player
1982 – Shaun Barker, English footballer
1982 – Eleni Daniilidou, Greek tennis player
1982 – Eduardo, Portuguese footballer
1982 – Jordan Parise, American ice hockey player
1982 – Jesse Blaze Snider, American singer-songwriter, illustrator, and writer (Baptized By Fire)
1982 – Columbus Short, American actor and choreographer
1983 – Joey Devine, American baseball player
1983 – Eamon, American pop singer
1983 – Charlie Haeger, American baseball player
1983 – Matt Wiman, American mixed martial artist
1984 – Amber Rayne, American pornographic actress
1984 – Danny Valencia, American baseball player
1984 – Kevin Zegers, Canadian actor
1985 – Gio Gonzalez, American baseball player
1985 – Alun-Wyn Jones, Welsh rugby player
1986 – Gerald Ciolek, German cyclist
1986 – Ken Gushi, Japanese racing driver
1986 – Leon Best, Irish footballer
1986 – Mandy Musgrave, American actress
1986 – Ryan Succop, American football player
1986 – Peter Vack, American voice actor
1987 – Kenny Britt, American football player
1987 – Danielle Panabaker, American actress
1988 – Faye Reagan, American pornographic actress
1989 – Tyreke Evans, Basketball player
1990 – Saki Fukuda, Japanese actress
1990 – Savvas Gentsoglou, Greek footballer
1990 – Evgeny Novikov, Russian rally driver
1991 – Oliver Merkel, German footballer
1991 – Demelza Reveley, Australian model
1991 – Colin Grafton, American Pairs Skater
1994 – Alex Etel, English actor
2001 – Taylor Geare, American actress
2002 – Jason and Kristopher Simmons, American identical twin actors

Deaths

690 – Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 602)
1339 – Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan (b. 1288)
1356 – Killed at the Battle of Poitiers:
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1311)
- Walter VI of Brienne, Constable of France (b. 1304)
1668 – William Waller, English soldier
1692 – Giles Corey, American farmer killed in the Salem Witch Trials
1693 – Janez Vajkard Valvasor, Slovenian polymath (b. 1641)
1710 – Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer (b. 1644)
1812 – Mayer Amschel Rothschild, (b. 1744)
1843 – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French scientist (b. 1792)
1868 – William Sprague, American minister and politician (b. 1809)
1881 – James Garfield, 20th President of the United States (b. 1831)
1893 – Alexander Tilloch Galt, Canadian politician, a father of Canadian Confederation (b. 1817)
1905 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
1906 – Maria Georgina Grey, British writer and founder of the Girls' Day School Trust (b. 1816)
1910 – Paul Lotsij, Dutch rower (b. 1880)
1914 – Charles de Vendeville, French swimmer (b. 1882)
1924 – Alick Bannerman, Australian cricketer (b. 1854)
1927 – Michael Peter Ancher, Danish painter (b. 1849)
1935 – Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist (b. 1857)
1936 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (b. 1860)
1938 – Pauline Frederick, American actress (b. 1883)
1942 – Condé Nast, American publisher (b. 1873)
1944 – Guy Gibson, British aviator, awarded Victoria Cross (b. 1918)
1949 – Will Cuppy, American humorist (b. 1884)
1949 – George Shiels, Irish dramatist (b. 1886)
1949 – Nikos Skalkottas, Greek composer (b. 1901)
1955 – John D. Dingell, Sr., U.S. Congressman from Michigan (b. 1894)
1965 – Lionel Terray, French mountaineer (b. 1921)
1967 – Zinaida Serebriakova, Russian painter (b. 1884)
1967 – Monica Proietti, Canadian criminal (b. 1940)
1968 – Chester Carlson, American inventor (b. 1906)
1968 – Red Foley, American singer (b. 1910)
1969 – Rex Ingram, American actor (b. 1895)
1972 – Robert Casadesus, French pianist (b. 1899)
1973 – Gram Parsons, American musician (b. 1946)
1978 – Étienne Gilson, French philosopher and historian (b. 1884)
1985 – Italo Calvino, Italian writer (b. 1923)
1987 – Einar Gerhardsen, Prime Minister of Norway (b. 1897)
1989 – Willie Steele, American Olympic gold medalist (b. 1923)
1990 – Hermes Pan, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1910)
1992 – Jacques Pic, French chef (b. 1932)
1995 – Orville Redenbacher, American botanist and businessman (b. 1907)
1997 – Jack May, American voice actor (b. 1922)
1997 – Rich Mullins, American singer (b. 1955)
2000 – Anthony Robert Klitz, British artist (b. 1917)
2001 – Rhys Jones, Welsh-Australian archeologist (b. 1941)
2002 – Robert Guéï, ruler of Côte d'Ivoire (b. 1941)
2002 – Duncan Hallas, prominent member of the Trotskyist movement in Great Britain. (b. 1925)
2003 – Slim Dusty, Australian singer (b. 1927)
2004 – Eddie Adams, American photographer (b. 1933)
2004 – Árpád Bogsch, Hungarian-born American civil servant (b. 1919)
2004 – Skeeter Davis, American singer (b. 1931)
2004 – Ellis Marsalis, Sr., American businessman, musician, and activist (b. 1908)
2004 – Damayanti Joshi, Indian classical dancer of Kathak style (b. 1928)
2006 – Elizabeth Allen, American actress (b. 1929)
2006 – Roy Schuiten, Dutch cyclist (b. 1950)
2006 – Chuck Rio, American singer and saxophonist (The Champs) (b. 1929)
2006 – Hugh Kawharu, New Zealander Ngati Whatua Maori chief (b. 1927)
2006 – Martha Holmes, American photographer (b. 1923)
2009 – Arthur Ferrante, American popular pianist (b. 1921)
2009 – Roc Raida, Turntablist (b. 1972)
2009 – Eduard Zimmermann, German broadcaster (b. 1929)
2011 – Thomas Capano, attorney, criminal (b. 1949)
2011 – Johnny Raducanu, Romanian jazz pianist (b. 1931)