today.nukz.net: Almanac September 20

Sophia Loren, OMRI (born Sofia Villani Scicolone; 20 September 1934) is an Italian actress.

Loren is widely recognized as the most awarded Italian actress. She was the first actress of the talkie era to win an Academy Award for a non-English-speaking performance, for her portrayal of Cesira in Vittorio De Sica's Two Women. Her other awards include one Golden Globe Award, a Grammy Award, a BAFTA Award and a Laurel Award. In 1995 she received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for lifetime achievements, one of many such awards.

Events

480BC – Greeks defeat Persians in the Battle of Salamis
1058 – Agnes de Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border-zone in present-day Burgenland.
1187 – Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
1260 – the Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.
1378 – Cardinal Robert of Geneva, called by some the Butcher of Cesena, is elected as Avignon Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
1498 – The 1498 Meio Nankaido earthquake generates a tsunami that washes away the building housing the statue of the Great Buddha at Kotoku-in in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan; since then the Buddha has sat in the open air.
1519 – Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition to circumnavigate the globe.
1596 – Diego de Montemayor founds the city of Monterrey in New Spain.
1697 – The Treaty of Rijswijk is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic ending the Nine Years' War (1688–97).
1737 – The finish of the Walking Purchase which forces the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
1792 – French troops stop allied invasion of France, during the War of the First Coalition at Valmy.
1835 – Ragamuffin rebels capture Porto Alegre, then capital of the Brazilian imperial province of Rio Grande do Sul, triggering the start of ten-year-long Farroupilha Revolution.
1848 – The American Association for the Advancement of Science is created.
1854 – Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.
1857 – The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
1860 – The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) visits the United States.
1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends.
1870 – Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia and complete the unification of Italy.
1871 – Bishop John Coleridge Patteson is martyred on the island of Nukapu, a Polynesian outlier island now in the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands. He is the first bishop of Melanesia.
1881 – Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States following the assassination of James Garfield.
1893 – Charles Duryea and his brother road-test the first American-made gasoline-powered automobile.
1906 – Cunard Line's RMS Mauretania is launched at the Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson shipyard in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
1909 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the South Africa Act 1909, creating the Union of South Africa from the British Colonies of the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, Orange River Colony, and the Transvaal Colony.
1910 – The ocean liner SS France, later known as the "Versailles of the Atlantic", is launched.
1911 – White Star Line's RMS Olympic collides with British warship HMS Hawke.
1920 – Foundation of the Spanish Legion.
1930 – Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is formed by Archbishop Mar Ivanios.
1942 – Holocaust in Letychiv, Ukraine. In the course of two days the German SS murders at least 3,000 Jews.
1961 – Greek general Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
1962 – James Meredith, an African-American, is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
1967 – RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched at John Brown & Company, Clydebank, Scotland. It is operated by the Cunard Line.
1970 – Syrian tanks roll into Jordan in response to continued fighting between Jordan and the fedayeen.
1971 – Having weakened after making landfall in Nicaragua the previous day, Hurricane Irene regains enough strength to be renamed Hurricane Olivia, making it the first known hurricane to cross from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific.
1973 – Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in The Battle of the Sexes tennis match at the Houston Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
1977 – The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations.
1979 – A coup d'état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokasa I.
1982 – The National Football League players begin a 57-day strike.
1984 – A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twenty-two people.
1990 – South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia.
2000 – The British MI6 Secret Intelligence Service building is attacked by unapprehended forces using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank missile.
2001 – In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a "war on terror".
2002 – The Kolka-Karmadon rock/ice slide.
2003 – Maldives civil unrest: the death of prisoner Hassan Evan Naseem sparks a day of rioting in Malé.
2007 – Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters marched on Jena, Louisiana, in support of six black youths who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate.
2008 – A dump truck full of explosives detonates in front of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 54 people and injuring 266 others.
2011 – The United States ends its "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.

Births

524 – Kan B'alam I, ruler of Maya state of Palenque (d. 583)
1486 – Prince Arthur Tudor, son of King Henry VII of England (d. 1502)
1593 – Gottfried Scheidt, German composer and organist (d. 1661)
1599 – Christian the Younger, German Protestant military leader (d. 1623)
1608 – Jean-Jacques Olier, French catholic priest, founder of The Sulpicians (d. 1657)
1685 – Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, Italian Baroque composer and violinist (d. 1751)
1746 – Móric Benyovszky Hungarian count (d. 1786)
1758 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Emperor of Haiti (d. 1806)
1778 – Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian naval officer and explorer (d. 1852)
1800 – Benjamin Franklin White, shape note "singing master", and compiler of the shape note tunebook known as The Sacred Harp (d. 1879)
1820 – John F. Reynolds, American Civil War general (d. 1863)
1831 – Kate Harrington, American teacher, writer and poet (d. 1917)
1833 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1918)
1842 – Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (d. 1923)
1844 – William H. Illingworth, American photographer (d. 1893)
1851 – Henry Arthur Jones, English writer (d. 1929)
1853 – Chulalongkorn, King of Thailand (d. 1910)
1861 – Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
1872 – Maurice Gamelin, French army general (d. 1958)
1873 – Sidney Olcott, Canadian film director (d. 1949)
1873 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian race car driver (d. 1944)
1878 – Upton Sinclair, American writer (d. 1968)
1880 – Louise Peete, American murderer (d. 1947)
1884 – Maxwell Perkins, American editor and publisher (d. 1947)
1885 – Jelly Roll Morton, American jazz pianist, bandleader and composer (d. 1941)
1886 – Charles Williams, British author (d. 1945)
1889 – Charles Reidpath, American athlete (d. 1975)
1892 – Roy Turk, American songwriter and lyricist (d. 1934)
1893 – Hermann Lux, German footballer (d. 1962)
1899 – Leo Strauss, German-born philosopher (d. 1973)
1902 – Stevie Smith, British poet (d. 1971)
1906 – Jean Dréville, French Film director (d. 1997)
1911 – Shriram Sharma Acharya, Indian spiritual leader (d. 1991)
1913 – John Collins, American jazz guitarist (d. 2001)
1914 – Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)
1916 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Former Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
1917 – Red Auerbach, American basketball coach (d. 2006)
1917 – Fernando Rey, Spanish-born actor (d. 1994)
1917 – Don Starr, American-born actor (d. 2005)
1917 – Clarice Taylor, American actress (d. 2011)
1920 – Alberto de Lacerda, Portuguese poet (d. 2007)
1920 – Jay Ward, American animated cartoonist (d. 1989)
1921 – Chico Hamilton, American jazz drummer and bandleader
1922 – William Kapell, American pianist (d. 1953)
1923 – Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
1923 – Maurice Sauvé, Canadian economist and politician (d. 1992)
1924 – Gogi Grant, American singer
1924 – Albert Marre, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2012)
1924 – Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Indian actor
1925 – James Bernard, English film composer (d. 2001)
1925 – Ananda Mahidol, King of Thailand (d. 1946)
1925 – Bobby Nunn, American singer (The Coasters) (d. 1986)
1926 – Jackie Paris, American jazz singer and guitarist (d. 2004)
1927 – Colette Bonheur, Canadian singer (d. 1966)
1927 – Johnny Dankworth, English musician and composer (d. 2010)
1927 – Red Mitchell, American jazz bassist, composer, lyricist, and poet(d. 1992)
1927 – Rachel Roberts, Welsh actress (d. 1980)
1928 – Olga Ferri, Argentine dancer and choreographer (d. 2012)
1928 – Donald Hall, American poet and US Poet Laureate
1928 – Kirsten Rolffes, Danish actress (d. 2000)
1929 – Anne Meara, American comic and actress
1930 – Eddie Bo, American singer and pianist (d. 2009)
1931 – Cherd Songsri, Thai filmmaker (d. 2006)
1933 – Dennis Viollet, English former footballer (d. 1999)
1933 – Steve McCall, American jazz drummer (d. 1989)
1934 – Takayuki Kubota, Japanese martial artist
1934 – Sophia Loren, Italian actress
1935 – David Pegg, English footballer (d. 1958)
1935 – Keith Roberts, British science fiction author (d. 2000)
1935 – Jim Taylor, American football player
1937 – Birgitta Dahl, Swedish politician
1937 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005)
1938 – Eric Gale, American jazz and session guitarist and record producer (d. 1994)
1939 – Robert L. Gerry III, American businessman
1940 – Taro Aso, Prime Minister of Japan
1941 – Dale Chihuly, American glass artist
1941 – Jim Cullum, Jr., American jazz cornetist
1941 – Alix de Lannoy, Belgian mother of Stéphanie de Lannoy (d. 2012)
1942 – Gérald Tremblay, Canadian politician
1946 – Pete Coors, American businessman
1946 – Markandey Katju, Indian judge
1947 – Patrick Poivre d'Arvor, French TV journalist and writer
1947 – Steve Gerber, American comics writer (d. 2008)
1947 – Jude Devereaux, American romance novelist
1947 – Mia Martini, Italian singer (d. 1995)
1947 – Billy Bang, American jazz violinist and composer (d. 2011)
1947 – Chris Ortloff, former New York state Republican politician and admitted pedophile
1947 – Bruce Pasternack, American CEO
1948 – George R. R. Martin, American writer
1948 – Chuck Panozzo, American musician (Styx)
1948 – John Panozzo, American musician (Styx) (d. 1996)
1949 – Mahesh Bhatt, Indian film director
1949 – Anthony Denison, American actor
1951 – Cornelia Behm, German politician
1951 – Guy Lafleur, Canadian ice hockey player
1951 – Javier Marías, Spanish author, translator and academic
1954 – Henry Samueli, American NHL team owner
1956 – Gary Cole, American actor
1956 – Debbi Morgan, American actress
1956 – John Harle, English saxophonist/composer
1956 – Steve Coleman, African American saxophone player, spontaneous composer, composer and band leader
1957 – Alannah Currie, New Zealander musician (Thompson Twins)
1957 – Rich DiSilvio, American new media developer & artist
1957 – Michael Hurst, New Zealand actor
1958 – Arn Anderson, American wrestler
1959 – Danny Devos, Belgian artist
1959 – Joanna Domanska, Polish classical pianist and music teacher
1960 – Deborah Roberts, American journalist and TV reporter
1960 – Dave Hemingway, British musician, songwriter, and vocalist
1961 – Lisa Bloom, American lawyer and television personality
1963 – Velcrow Ripper, Canadian documentary filmmaker
1964 – Randy Bradbury, American musician (Pennywise)
1964 – Maggie Cheung, Hong Kong actress
1965 – Robert Rusler, American actor
1966 – Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese rock musician
1967 – Martin Harrison, American football player
1967 – Kristen Johnston, American actress
1967 – Gunnar Nelson, American musician (Nelson)
1967 – Matthew Nelson, American musician (Nelson)
1968 – Van Jones, American attorney and activist
1968 – Leah Pinsent, Canadian actress
1968 – Ben Shepherd, American bassist (Soundgarden)
1968 – Darrell Russell, American race car driver (d. 2004)
1969 – Victoria Dillard, American actress
1969 – Megumi Kudo, Japanese pro-wrestler
1969 – Tim Rogers, Australian musician
1969 – Patrick Pentland, Canadian musician (Sloan)
1969 – Richard Witschge, former Dutch footballer
1971 – Todd Blackadder, New Zealand rugby player
1971 – Masashi Hamauzu, Japanese composer
1971 – Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer
1971 – Dominika Peczynski, Swedish singer (Army of Lovers)
1971 – Sebastian Roth, German musician
1973 – Ronald McKinnon, American football player
1974 – Michael Waddington, American defense lawyer
1975 – Asia Argento, Italian actress
1975 – Moon Bloodgood, American actress
1975 – Jason Robinson, American jazz saxophonist, electronic musician, and composer
1975 – Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
1976 – Jon Bernthal, American actor
1976 – Agata Buzek, Polish actress
1976 – Yo Hitoto, Japanese pop singer
1976 – Yui Horie, Japanese voice actress
1976 – Enuka Okuma, Canadian actress
1976 – Reuben Singh, British entrepreneur
1977 – Namie Amuro, Japanese pop singer
1977 – Chris Mooney, American writer
1978 – Jason Bay, Canadian baseball player
1978 – Patrizio Buanne, Italian singer
1978 – Sarit Hadad, Israeli singer
1978 – Dante Hall, American football player
1978 – T.J. Tucker, American baseball player
1979 – Sean Davis, English footballer
1979 – Dan Gillespie Sells, British musician The Feeling
1979 – Wilfried Tevoedjre, Beninese swimmer
1980 – Mariacarla Boscono, Italian fashion model
1980 – Vladimir Karpets, Russian cyclist
1980 – Jonathan Le Billon, British actor
1980 – Mehrzad Marashi, German singer
1980 – Madison Young, American pornographic actress
1980 – Ryan Donowho, American actor
1981 – Joanie Dodds, American model
1981 – Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player
1981 – Jordan Tata, American baseball player
1982 – Jason Bacashihua, American ice hockey player
1982 – Aaron Burkart, German rally driver
1982 – Brian Fortuna, American dancer
1982 – Sarah Glendening, American actress
1982 – Athanasios Tsigas, Greek footballer
1983 – Yuna Ito, Japanese singer and actress
1983 – Freya Murray, Scottish athlete
1983 – Ángel Sánchez, Puerto Rican baseball player
1984 – Brian Joubert, French figure skater
1986 – Aldis Hodge, American actor
1987 – Tito Tebaldi, Italian rugby player
1987 – Jack Lawless, American drummer
1987 – Sarah Natochenny, American actress, film editor and fashion model
1990 – Phillip Phillips, American Idol Season 11 winner
1990 – Marilou, Canadian pop singer
1990 – John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player
1990 – Erich Gonzales, Filipina actress
1991 – Spencer Locke, American actress
1991 – Isaac Cofie, Ghanaian footballer
1992 – Amidu Salifu, Ghanaian footballer
1995 – Laura Dekker, Dutch sailor
1995 – Sammi Hanratty, American actress

Deaths

1246 – Mikhail of Chernigov of Kiev (b. 1185)
1384 – King Louis I of Naples (b. 1339)
1460 – Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer (b. 1400)
1586 – Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (b. 1558)
1586 – John Ballard, English Jesuit priest and conspirator
1590 – Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534)
1625 – Heinrich Meibom, German historian and critic (b. 1555)
1627 – Jan Gruter, Dutch critic (b. 1560)
1630 – Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)
1639 – Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)
1643 – Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer (b. 1610)
1684 – Kim Seok-ju, korean Neo-Confucian scholars, politicians and writers. (b. 1634)
1721 – Thomas Doggett, Irish actor (b. 1640)
1803 – Robert Emmet, Irish patriot (b. 1780)
1810 – Mir Taqi Mir, Urdu poet (b. 1723)
1815 – Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (b. 1725)
1839 – Sir Thomas Hardy, Royal Navy Vice-Admiral and First Lord of the Admiralty (b. 1769)
1840 – José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Paraguay dictator and National Hero (b. 1766)
1852 – Philander Chase, American university founder (b. 1775)
1855 – José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran Catholic priest and educator (b. 1797)
1863 – Jacob Grimm, German writer and folklorist (b. 1785)
1884 – Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist (b. 1802)
1898 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
1906 – Robert R. Hitt, American politician (b. 1834)
1908 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
1927 – George Nichols, American actor and film director (b. 1864)
1930 – Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (b. 1873)
1932 – Wovoka, American Northern Paiute religious leader (b. 1856)
1933 – Annie Besant, English suffragette (b. 1847)
1939 – Paul Bruchési, French Canadian Catholic archbishop (b. 1855)
1945 – William Buehler Seabrook, American occultist (b. 1884)
1945 – Augusto Tasso Fragoso, Brazilian president (b. 1869
1945 – Jack Thayer, RMS Titanic survivor (b. 1894)
1945 – Eduard Wirths, Nazi physician (b. 1909)
1946 – Raimu, French actor (b. 1883)
1947 – Fiorello La Guardia, American politician (b. 1882)
1948 – Husain Salaahuddin, Maldivian writer (b. 1881)
1957 – Heino Kaski, Finnish composer (b. 1885)
1957 – Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865)
1958 – Oscar O'Brien, Canadian catholic priest and folklorist (b. 1892)
1970 – Alexandros Othonaios, Greek general, 126h Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1879)
1971 – Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
1972 – Pierre-Henri Simon, French historian, essayist and novelist (b. 1903)
1973 – Jim Croce, American singer and songwriter (b. 1943)
1975 – Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
1979 – Ludvík Svoboda, Czech politician (b. 1895)
1980 – Sanpei Hayashiya, Japanese comedian (b. 1925)
1984 – Steve Goodman, American folk music singer-songwriter (b. 1948)
1985 – Ruhi Su, Turkish folk music singer and songwriter
1987 – Michael Stewart, American playwright (b. 1924)
1989 – Richie Ginther, American race car driver (b. 1930)
1993 – Erich Hartmann, German fighter pilot (b. 1922)
1994 – Jule Styne, American songwriter (b. 1905)
1994 – Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat (b. 1924)
1996 – Paul Erdos, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1913)
1996 – Paul Weston, American arranger and conductor (b. 1912)
1997 – Matt Christopher, American children's author. (b. 1917)
1997 – Nick Traina, American singer (Link 80) (b. 1978)
1998 – Muriel Humphrey Brown, American politician (b. 1912)
1999 – Raisa Gorbachova, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1932)
1999 – Robert Lebel, Quebec ice hockey administrator (b. 1905)
2000 – Gherman Titov, Russian cosmonaut (b. 1935)
2002 – Sergei Bodrov, Jr., Russian actor (b. 1971)
2003 – Lord Williams of Mostyn, British politician (b. 1941)
2003 – Gordon Mitchell, American actor (b. 1923)
2003 – Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwe politician (b. 1922)
2004 – Brian Clough, English footballer and football manager (b. 1935)
2004 – Townsend Hoopes, American politician (b. 1922)
2005 – Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Nazi hunter (b. 1908)
2006 – Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (b. 1932)
2006 – John W. Peterson, American songwriter (b. 1921)
2007 – Johnny Gavin, Irish footballer (b. 1928)
2010 – Kenny McKinley, American football player (b. 1987)
2010 – Leonard Skinner, American high school gym teacher; namesake of rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd (b. 1933)
2011 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. (b. 1940)