today.nukz.net: Almanac September 3 :: Louis Henry Sullivan

Louis Henry Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924) was an American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism" He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School. Along with Henry Hobson Richardson and Frank Lloyd Wright, Sullivan is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture". He received the AIA Gold Medal in 1944.

Events

36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.
301 – San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.
590 – Consecration of Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great).
863 – Major Byzantine victory at the Battle of Lalakaon against an Arab raid.
1189 – Richard I of England (a.k.a. Richard "the Lionheart") is crowned at Westminster.
1260 – The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
1650 – Third English Civil War: in the Battle of Dunbar, English Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to King Charles II of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.
1651 – Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester – Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.
1658 – Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England
1666 – The Royal Exchange burns down in the Great Fire of London
1777 – American Revolutionary War: during the Battle of Cooch's Bridge, the Flag of the United States is flown in battle for the first time.
1783 – American Revolutionary War: the war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain.
1798 – The week long battle of St. George's Caye begins between Spain and Britain off the coast of Belize.
1802 – William Wordsworth composes the sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.
1803 – English scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
1812 – 24 settlers are killed in the Pigeon Roost Massacre in Indiana.
1838 – Future abolitionist Frederick Douglass escapes from slavery.
1855 – American Indian Wars: in Nebraska, 700 soldiers under United States General William S. Harney avenge the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village and killing 100 men, women and children.
1861 – American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.
1874 – The congress of the state of México elevates Naucalpan to the category of Villa, with the title of "Villa de Juárez".
1875 – The first official game of Polo is played in Argentina after being introduced by British Ranchers.
1878 – Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
1914 – William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months due to opposition to his rule.
1925 – USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), the United States' first American-built rigid airship, was destroyed in a squall line over Noble County, Ohio. Fourteen of her 42-man crew perished, including her commander, Zachary Lansdowne.
1933 – Yevgeniy Abalakov is the first man to reach the highest point in the Soviet Union, Communism Peak (now called Ismoil Somoni Peak and situated in Tajikistan) (7495 m).
1935 – Sir Malcolm Campbell reaches a speed of 304.331 miles per hour on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over 300 mph
1939 – World War II: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Australia declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland, forming the Allies.
1939 – World War II: The United Kingdom and France begin a naval blockade of Germany that lasts until the end of the war. This also marks the beginning of the Battle of the Atlantic.
1941 – The Holocaust: Karl Fritzsch, deputy camp commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, experiments with the use of Zyklon B in the gassing of Soviet POWs.
1942 – World War II: In response to news of its coming liquidation, Dov Lopatyn leads an uprising in the Ghetto of Lakhva, in present-day Belarus.
1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy begins.
1944 – Holocaust: diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from the Westerbork transit camp to the Auschwitz concentration camp, arriving three days later.
1945 – Three-day celebration was held in China, following the Victory over Japan Day on September 2.
1950 – "Nino" Farina becomes the first Formula One Drivers' champion after winning the 1950 Italian Grand Prix.
1951 – The first long-running American television soap opera, Search for Tomorrow, airs its first episode on the CBS network.
1954 – The People's Liberation Army begins shelling the Republic of China-controlled islands of Quemoy, starting the First Taiwan Strait Crisis.
1954 – The German U-Boat U-505 begins its move from a specially constructed dock to its final site at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.
1967 – Dagen H in Sweden: traffic changes from driving on the left to driving on the right overnight.
1971 – Qatar becomes an independent state
1976 – Viking program: The American Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars.
1987 – In a coup d'état in Burundi, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya.
1994 – Sino-Soviet Split: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
1997 – Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 (Tupolev TU-134) crashes on approach into Phnom Penh airport, killing 64.
1999 – An 87-automobile pile-up happens on Highway 401 freeway just East of Windsor, Ontario, Canada after an unusually thick fog from Lake St. Clair.
2001 – In Belfast, Protestant loyalists begin a picket of Holy Cross, a Catholic primary school for girls. For the next 11 weeks, riot police escort the schoolchildren and their parents through hundreds of protesters, some of whom hurl missiles and abuse. The protest sparks fierce rioting and grabs world headlines.
2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis – day 3: the Beslan hostage crisis ends with the deaths of over 300 people, more than half of which are children.

Births

1034 – Emperor Go-Sanjo of Japan (d. 1073)
1499 – Diane de Poitiers, French noblewoman and mistress of King Henry II of France (d. 1566)
1568 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
1675 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
1693 – Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)
1695 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)
1710 – Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (d. 1784)
1724 – Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (d. 1808)
1760 – James 'Pearlie' Wilson, Scottish revolutionary (d. 1820)
1781 – Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Joséphine de Beauharnais and adoptive son of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1824)
1810 – Paul Kane, Canadian painter (d. 1871)
1811 – John Humphrey Noyes, American political and religious figure (d. 1886)
1820 – George Hearst, American businessman, father of William Randolph Hearst (d. 1891)
1841 – Tom Emmett, England cricketer (d. 1904)
1849 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)
1851 – Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, Queen of Greece (d. 1926)
1854 – Charles Tatham, American fencer (d. 1939)
1856 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (d. 1924)
1856 – Robert Stewart, South African cricketer (d. 1913)
1869 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1930)
1875 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
1880 – George Bretz, Canadian lacrosse player (death date unknown)
1880 – Gwynne Evans, American freestyle swimmer and water polo player (d. 1965)
1882 – Johnny Douglas, England cricketer and boxer (d. 1930)
1887 – Frank Christian, American trumpeter (d. 1973)
1887 – Manfred Toeppen, American water polo player (d. 1968)
1897 – Sally Benson, American writer (d. 1972)
1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1985)
1900 – Maurice Dobb, British economist (d. 1976)
1900 – Urho Kekkonen, Finnish politician (d. 1986)
1900 – Percy Chapman, England cricketer (d. 1961)
1901 – Eduard van Beinum, Dutch conductor (d. 1959)
1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1991)
1905 – John Mills, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1972)
1907 – Loren Eiseley, American anthropologist (d. 1977)
1908 – Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (d. 1988)
1910 – Kitty Carlisle, American actress and television personality (d. 2007)
1910 – Maurice Papon, French Nazi collaborator (d. 2007)
1911 – Bernard Mammes, American cyclist (d. 2000)
1913 – Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)
1914 – Dixy Lee Ray, American politician (d. 1994)
1914 – Memphis Slim, American pianist (d. 1988)
1915 – Knut Nystedt, Norvegian orchestral and choral composer
1916 – Eddie Stanky, American baseball player (d. 1999)
1918 – Helen Wagner, American actress (d. 2010)
1920 – Les Medley, English footballer (d. 2001)
1921 – Marguerite Higgins, American reporter and war correspondent, Pulitzer Prize winner (d. 1966)
1921 – Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (d. 1971)
1923 – Glen Bell, American businessman, founded Taco Bell (d. 2010)
1923 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist
1925 – Bengt Lindström, Swedish artist (d. 2008)
1925 – Shoista Mullojonova, Tajikistani Shashmakom singer (d. 2010)
1925 – Hank Thompson, American singer (d. 2007)
1926 – Anne Jackson, American actress
1926 – Alison Lurie, American novelist
1926 – Irene Papas, Greek actress
1926 – Uttam Kumar, Indian Bengali actor(d. 1980)
1928 – Gaston Thorn, Luxembourg politician, 8th Prime Minister of Luxembourg and 7th President of the European Commission (d. 2007)
1929 – James J. Bulger, American mobster
1929 – Carlo Clerici, Swiss cyclist (d. 2007)
1929 – Armand Vaillancourt, Canadian sculptor and painter
1930 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand science fiction and fantasy writer (d. 2002)
1931 – Albert DeSalvo, American serial killer (d. 1973)
1931 – Dick Motta, American basketball coach
1931 – Guy Spitaels, Belgian politician, 7th Minister-President of the Walloon Region (d. 2012)
1932 – Eileen Brennan, American actress
1933 – Tompall Glaser, American singer
1933 – Basil Butcher, West Indian cricketer
1934 – Freddie King, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1976)
1935 – Helmut Clasen, Canadian offroad racer
1936 – Pilar Pallete, Peruvian actress and third wife of American movie star John Wayne
1936 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia
1938 – Caryl Churchill, English playwright
1938 – Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel laureate
1940 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist
1940 – Pauline Collins, English actress
1941 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian writer (d. 1990)
1942 – Al Jardine, American guitarist (The Beach Boys)
1942 – John Shrapnel, English actor
1943 – Valerie Perrine, American actress
1943 – Frank Lister, English footballer
1945 – George Biondo, bass guitarist and songwriter (Steppenwolf)
1947 – Eric Bell, Irish guitarist (Thin Lizzy)
1947 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Norwegian politician
1948 – Fotis Kouvelis, Greek lawyer and politician
1948 – Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia (d. 2008)
1948 – Don Brewer, drummer and singer with Grand Funk Railroad
1949 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Cypriot-born 129th Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa (d. 2004)
1949 – José Pekerman, Argentine football manager
1950 – Doug Pinnick, American bassist and singer (King's X)
1951 – Denys Hobson, South African cricketer
1952 – Sehrazat, leading Turkish lyricist and composer
1953 – Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French film director
1955 – Steve Jones, English guitarist (Sex Pistols)
1956 – Pat McGeown, Northern Irish Provisional Irish Republican Army member (d. 1996)
1957 – Garth Ancier, American television executive
1957 – Earl Cureton, American basketball player
1957 – Steve Schirripa, American actor
1959 – Merritt Butrick, American actor (d. 1989)
1962 – Costas Mandylor, Australian actor
1963 – Mubarak Ghanim, United Arab Emirates footballer
1963 – Malcolm Gladwell, Canadian journalist and author
1963 – Amber Lynn, American porn star
1964 – Adam Curry, American Internet entrepreneur and MTV VJ
1964 – Spike Feresten, American television writer
1964 – Thomas Mikal Ford, American actor
1964 – Junaid Jamshed, Pakistani singer
1964 – Holt McCallany, American actor
1964 – Nigel Rhodes, English actor
1965 – Charlie Sheen, American actor
1966 – Vladimir Ryzhkov, Russian politician
1967 – Chris Gatling, American basketball player
1969 – Noah Baumbach, American film director
1969 – John Fugelsang, American actor
1969 – Marianna Komlos, Canadian bodybuilder, fitness model, professional wrestler and valet (d. 2004)
1970 – Jeremy Glick, American United Airlines Flight 93 passenger (d. 2001)
1970 – George Lynch, American basketball player
1970 – Gareth Southgate, English footballer
1971 – Kiran Desai, Indian writer
1971 – Chabeli Iglesias, Spanish journalist
1971 – Trevor St. John, American actor
1972 – Christine Boudrias, Canadian short track speed skater
1972 – Natalia Estrada, Spanish model and actress
1972 – Martin Straka, Czech ice hockey player
1973 – Norihiko Hibino, Japanese composer
1973 – Jennifer Paige, American singer-songwriter
1973 – Damon Stoudamire, American basketball player
1973 – Zita Urbonaite, Lithuanian road cyclist (d. 2008)
1974 – Clare Kramer, American actress
1974 – Rahul Sanghvi, Indian cricketer
1975 – Cristobal Huet, French ice hockey player
1975 – Daniel Chan, Hong Kong Celebrity
1976 – Ashley Jones, American actress
1976 – Jevon Kearse, American football player
1976 – Vivek Oberoi, Indian actor
1977 – Rui Marques, Angolan footballer
1977 – Olof Mellberg, Swedish footballer
1977 – Nate Robertson, American baseball player
1978 – John Curtis, English footballer
1978 – Paul Moor, English ten-pin bowler
1978 – Michal Rozsival, Czech ice hockey player
1978 – Nick Wechsler, American actor
1978 – Valfar, Norwegian vocalist (Windir) (d. 2004)
1979 – Tomo Milicevic, Bosnian-born American guitarist (30 Seconds to Mars)
1979 – Tiffany Chapman, English actress
1979 – Júlio César Soares Espíndola, Brazilian footballer
1980 – The B.G., American rapper
1980 – Daniel Ruben Bilos, Argentinian footballer
1980 – Jason McCaslin ("Cone"), Canadian bassist (Sum 41)
1980 – Jennie Finch, American softball player
1981 – Fearne Cotton, British television presenter
1982 – Andrew McMahon, American singer and songwriter
1982 – Kaori Natori, Japanese singer and model
1982 – Sarah Burke, Canadian freestyle skier (d. 2012)
1982 – Tiago Rannow, Brazilian footballer
1983 – Augusto Farfus, Brazilian racing driver
1983 – Nicky Hunt, English footballer
1983 – Marcus McCauley, American football player
1983 – Valdas Vasylius, Lithuanian basketball player
1983 – Christine Woods, American actress
1984 – Garrett Hedlund, American actor
1984 – Seo In-Young, South Korean singer
1985 – Scott Carson, English footballer
1985 – Yuki Kaji, Japanese voice actor
1985 – Kelvin Wilson, English footballer
1986 – Shaun White, American snowboarder and skateboarder
1987 – Chris Fountain, English actor
1987 – Modibo Maïga, Malian footballer
1987 – James Neal, Canadian ice hockey player
1988 – Jérôme Boateng, Ghanaian-German footballer
1993 – Rina Koike, Japanese junior idol

Deaths

264 – Sun Xiu, third emperor of Eastern Wu
863 – Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Melitene (birth year unknown)
1402 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1351)
1420 – Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland (b. c. 1340)
1592 – Robert Greene, English author (b. 1558)
1634 – Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament (b. 1552)
1653 – Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (b. 1588)
1658 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (b. 1599)
1662 – William Lenthall, English politician (b. 1591)
1720 – Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1648)
1722 – Ivan Skoropadsky, Hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks (b. 1646)
1729 – Jean Hardouin, French scholar (b. 1646)
1766 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (b. 1686)
1808 – John Montgomery, American Continental congressman (b. 1722)
1857 – John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)
1860 – Aleksey Khomyakov, Russian poet (b. 1804)
1866 – Konstantin Flavitsky, Russian painter (b. 1830)
1883 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian novelist and playwright (b. 1818)
1886 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812)
1893 – James Harrison, Scottish-born Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration (b. 1816)
1903 – Joseph Skipsey, British poet (b. 1832)
1906 – Mihály Kolossa, Hungarian Slovene writer (b. 1846)
1914 – Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)
1929 – John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, British jurist and politician (b. 1840)
1936 – Nikita Balieff, Armenian vaudevillian and impresario (b. 1876 or 1877)
1948 – Edvard Beneš, 2nd President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
1954 – Marika Kotopouli, Greek actress (b. 1887)
1961 – Robert E. Gross, American businessman (b. 1897)
1962 – E. E. Cummings, American poet (b. 1894)
1963 – Louis MacNeice, Irish poet (b. 1907)
1964 – Stewart Holbrook, American writer (b. 1893)
1967 – James Dunn, American actor (b. 1905)
1967 – Francis Ouimet, American golfer and businessman(b.1893)
1968 – Isabel Withers, American actress (b. 1896)
1969 – John Lester, American cricketer (b. 1871)
1970 – Vince Lombardi, American football coach (b. 1913)
1970 – Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, American singer and gutarist (Canned Heat) (b. 1943)
1974 – Harry Partch, American composer (b. 1901)
1978 – Karin Molander, Swedish actress (b. 1889)
1980 – Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)
1980 – Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)
1981 – Alec Waugh, English writer (b. 1898)
1983 – Ellie Lambeti, Greek actress (b. 1926)
1985 – Johnny Marks, American singer (b. 1909)
1986 – Beryl Markham, Kenyan horse trainer, adventurer, aviatrix and memoir writer (b. 1902)
1987 – Morton Feldman, American composer (b. 1926)
1989 – Gaetano Scirea, Italian footballer (b. 1953)
1991 – Frank Capra, American film director (b. 1897)
1994 – James T. Aubrey, American television executive (b. 1918)
1994 – Major Lance, American singer (b. 1939)
1994 – Billy Wright, English footballer (b. 1924)
1996 – Emily Kngwarreye, Australian painter (b. 1910)
2000 – Edward Anhalt, American screenwriter (b. 1914)
2001 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (b. 1919)
2001 – Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-born American actress (b. 1973)
2002 – Kenneth Hare, Canadian climatologist and academic (b. 1919)
2002 – W. Clement Stone, American entrepreneur (b. 1902)
2003 – Paul Jennings Hill, American anti-abortion murderer (b. 1954)
2005 – R. S. R. Fitter, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1913)
2005 – William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1924)
2007 – Carter Albrecht, American keyboardist and guitarist (Edie Brickell & New Bohemians) (b. 1973)
2007 – Syd Jackson, New Zealand Maori activist and trade unionist (b. 1939)
2007 – Steve Ryan, American actor (b. 1947)
2007 – Jane Tomlinson, British charity fund raiser (b. 1964)
2008 – Donald Blakeslee, American World War II aviator (b. 1917)
2010 – Noah Howard, American jazz musician (b. 1943)
2010 – Robert Schimmel, American stand-up comedian (b. 1950)
2012 – Sun Myung Moon, Founder of the Unification Church (b. 1920)