today.nukz.net: Almanac September 4

Jennie Lee (née Mary Jane Lee; 4 September 1848 – 5 August 1925) was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in fifty-eight films between 1912 and 1924, working especially in character parts under the directors John Ford and D. W. Griffith. In 1871–72, Lee had appeared on Broadway, in The Black Crook, The Naiad Queen, and Poll and Partner Joe. She was born in Sacramento, California, and died in Hollywood, California. Her husband was the actor William Courtright. Incontestably, Lee's most famous portrayal was of Mammy, in The Birth of a Nation.

Events

476 – Romulus Augustulus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus ending the Western Roman Empire.
626 – Li Shimin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizong of Tang, assumes the throne over the Tang Dynasty of China.
1260 – The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeat the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.
1666 – In London, England, the most destructive damage from the Great Fire occurs.
1774 – New Caledonia is first sighted by Europeans, during the second voyage of Captain James Cook.
1781 – Los Angeles, California, is founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora La Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (The Village of Our Lady, the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola) by 44 Spanish settlers.
1797 – Coup of 18 Fructidor in France.
1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Harrison begins when the fort is set on fire.
1862 – Civil War Maryland Campaign: General Robert E. Lee takes the Army of Northern Virginia, and the war, into the North.
1870 – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared.
1884 – The United Kingdom ends its policy of penal transportation to New South Wales in Australia.^{[citation needed]}
1886 – American Indian Wars: after almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader Geronimo, with his remaining warriors, surrenders to General Nelson Miles in Arizona.
1888 – George Eastman registers the trademark Kodak and receives a patent for his camera that uses roll film.
1912 – Albanian rebels succeed in their revolt when the Ottoman Empire agrees to fulfill their demands
1919 – Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded the Republic of Turkey, gathers a congress in Sivas to make decisions as to the future of Anatolia and Thrace.
1923 – Maiden flight of the first U.S. airship, the USS Shenandoah.
1939 – World War II: a Bristol Blenheim is the first British aircraft to cross the German coast following the declaration of war and German ships are bombed.
1941 – World War II: a German submarine makes the first attack against a United States ship, the USS Greer.
1944 – World War II: the British 11th Armoured Division liberates the Belgian city of Antwerp.
1944 – World War II: Finland exits from the war with Soviet Union.
1948 – Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands abdicates for health reasons.
1949 – The Peekskill Riots erupt after a Paul Robeson concert in Peekskill, New York.
1950 – Darlington Raceway is the site of the inaugural Southern 500, the first 500-mile NASCAR race.
1951 – The first live transcontinental television broadcast takes place in San Francisco, California, from the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference.
1956 – The IBM RAMAC 305 is introduced, the first commercial computer to use magnetic disk storage.
1957 – American Civil Rights Movement: Little Rock Crisis – Orval Faubus, governor of Arkansas, calls out the National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling in Central High School.
1957 – The Ford Motor Company introduces the Edsel.
1963 – Swissair Flight 306 crashes near Dürrenäsch, Switzerland, killing all 80 people on board.
1964 – Scotland's Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh officially opens.
1967 – Vietnam War: Operation Swift begins: U.S. Marines engage the North Vietnamese in battle in the Que Son Valley.
1971 – Alaska Airlines Flight 1866 crashes near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board.
1972 – Mark Spitz becomes the first competitor to win seven medals at a single Olympic Games.
1975 – The Sinai Interim Agreement relating to the Arab-Israeli conflict is signed.
1977 – The Golden Dragon Massacre took place in San Francisco, California.
1985 – The discovery of Buckminsterfullerene, the first fullerene molecule of carbon.
1989 – In Leipzig, East Germany, the first of weekly demonstration for the legalisation of opposition groups and democratic reforms takes place.
1996 – War on Drugs: Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) attack a military base in Guaviare, starting three weeks of guerrilla warfare in which at least 130 Colombians are killed.
1998 – Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two students at Stanford University.
2001 – Tokyo DisneySea opens to the public as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.
2007 – Three terrorists suspected to be a part of Al-Qaeda are arrested in Germany after allegedly planning attacks on both the Frankfurt International airport and US military installations.
2010 – Canterbury earthquake: a 7.1 magnitude earthquake which struck the South Island of New Zealand at 4:35 am causing widespread damage and several power outages.

Births

1241 – Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)
1383 – Count Amadeus VIII of Savoy (d. 1451)
1454 – Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician (d. 1483)
1557 – Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1631)
1563 – Wanli, Emperor of China (d. 1620)
1596 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (d. 1687)
1681 – Carl Heinrich Biber, violinist and composer (d. 1749)
1717 – Job Orton, English minister (d. 1783)
1755 – Count Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish Army officer, diplomat and statesman. (d. 1810)
1761 – F.L.Æ. Kunzen, German composer and conductor (d. 1817)
1768 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French diplomat (d. 1848)
1798 – Raynold Kaufgetz, Swiss academic (d. 1869)
1803 – Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (d. 1891)
1809 – Juliusz Slowacki, Polish Romantic poet (d. 1849)
1824 – Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (d. 1896)
1825 – Dadabhai Naoroji, An early Indian political leader (d. 1917)
1826 – Martin Wiberg, Swedish computer pioneer (d. 1905)
1832 – Antonio Agliardi, Italian diplomat (d. 1915)
1846 – Daniel Burnham, American architect (d. 1912)
1848 – Jennie Lee, American actress (d. 1925)
1850 – Luigi Cadorna, Italian Field Marshal (d. 1928)
1851 – John Dillon, Irish nationalist (d. 1927)
1885 – Antonio Bacci, Italian cardinal (d. 1971)
1885 – Dimitrios Loundras, Greek gymnast (d. 1971)
1886 – Albert Orsborn, General of the Salvation Army (d. 1967)
1887 – Roy William Neill, Irish film director (d. 1946)
1890 – Gunnar Sommerfeldt, Danish actor and film director (d. 1947)
1890 – Naima Wifstrand, Swedish film actor, operetta singer, troubadour, director and composer (d. 1968)
1891 – Fritz Todt, Nazi official (d. 1942)
1892 – Darius Milhaud, French composer (d. 1974)
1896 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright (d. 1948)
1896 – Aspasia Manos, wife of king Alexander of Greece (d. 1972)
1901 – William Lyons, British industrialist (Jaguar cars) (d. 1985)
1902 – Thomas Mitchell, England cricketer (d. 1996)
1905 – Mary Renault, English novelist (d. 1983)
1906 – Max Delbrück, German biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1981)
1908 – Edward Dmytryk, American film director (d. 1999)
1908 – Richard Wright, American writer (d. 1960)
1909 – Eduard Wirths, Nazi physician (d. 1945)
1910 – Denis Tomlinson, South African cricketer (d. 1993)
1912 – Syd Hoff, Jewish-American cartoonist and children's book author (d. 2004)
1913 – Mickey Cohen, American gangster (d. 1976)
1913 – Victor Kiernan, British historian (d. 2009)
1913 – Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1982)
1914 – Rudolf Leiding, German auto executive, third postwar chairman of Volkswagen (d. 2003)
1917 – Henry Ford II, American industrialist (d. 1987)
1918 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (d. 2009)
1918 – Gerald Wilson, American jazz trumpeter and arranger
1919 – Howard Morris, American comic actor and film director (d. 2005)
1920 – Clemar Bucci, Argentine racing driver (d. 2011)
1922 – Per Olof Sundman, Swedish writer and politician (d. 1992)
1923 – Ram Kishore Shukla, Indian Politician (d. 2003)
1924 – Joan Aiken, English writer (d. 2004)
1925 – Forrest Carter, American author (d. 1979)
1926 – Ivan Illich, Austrian philosopher (d. 2002)
1926 – Bert Olmstead, Canadian ice hockey player
1927 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (d. 2011)
1927 – Ferenc Sánta, Hungarian writer (d. 2008)
1928 – Dick York, American actor (d. 1992)
1929 – Thomas Eagleton, American politician (d. 2007)
1930 – Don Ackerman, American basketball player (d. 2011)
1931 – Mitzi Gaynor, American actress
1931 – Antonios Trakatellis, Greek politician
1932 – Carlos Romero Barcelo, Puerto Rican politician
1932 – Dinsdale Landen, English actor (d. 2003)
1934 – Sir Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist, Nobel laureate
1934 – Eduard Khil, Russian singer (d. 2012)
1934 – Antoine Redin, French footballer and manager (d. 2012)
1936 – Wayne Cody, American popular radio and television sportscaster (d. 2002)
1937 – Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer
1937 – Gene Ludwig, American jazz organist (d. 2010)
1937 – Mikk Mikiver, Estonian actor and director (d. 2006)
1939 – Denis Lindsay, South African cricketer (d. 2005)
1941 – Marilena Chaui, Brazilian philosopher
1941 – Sushilkumar Shinde, Indian politician
1941 – Ramesh Sethi, East African cricketer
1941 – Joanna Van Gyseghem, English actress
1942 – Raymond Floyd, American professional golfer
1942 – Jerry Jarrett, American professional wrestling promoter
1942 – Merald "Bubba" Knight, R&B singer with Gladys Knight & The Pips
1944 – Jennifer Salt, American actress
1944 – Ron Ward, Canadian ice hockey player
1944 – Vladimír Guma Kulhánek, Czech rock bass guitarist
1945 – Danny Gatton, American musician (d. 1994)
1946 – Gary Duncan, American guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service)
1946 – Bryan Mauricette, Canadian cricketer
1946 – Dave Liebman, American saxophonist and flautist
1949 – Dean Pees, American football defensive coordinator
1949 – Darryl Cotton, Australian pop singer (d. 2012)
1949 – Tom Watson, American golfer
1950 – Doyle Alexander, American baseball player
1950 – Ehteshamuddin, Pakistani cricketer
1951 – Martin Chambers, English drummer (The Pretenders)
1951 – Judith Ivey, American actress
1951 – Marita Ulvskog, Swedish politician
1952 – Rishi Kapoor, Indian actor
1953 – Fatih Terim, Turkish footballer and coach
1955 – David Broza, a multi-platinum Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist.
1955 – Garth Le Roux, former South African cricketer
1955 – Brian Schweitzer, American politician, 23rd governor of Montana
1956 – Blackie Lawless, American musician, lead singer in W.A.S.P.
1957 – Khandi Alexander, American actress
1957 – Patricia Tallman, American actress
1958 – George Hurley, American drummer (Minutemen)
1958 – Marzio Innocenti, Italian rugby union player and coach
1958 – David Drew Pinsky (Dr. Drew), American radio show host
1959 – Kevin Harrington, Australian actor
1959 – Armin Kogler, Austrian ski jumper
1960 – Kim Thayil, American guitarist (Soundgarden, Probot)
1960 – Damon Wayans, American actor and comedian
1961 – Nick Blinko, English musician (Rudimentary Peni)
1961 – Kevin Kennedy, English actor
1961 – Rizwan-uz-Zaman, Pakistani cricketer
1962 – Kiran More, Indian cricketer
1962 – Ulla Tørnæs, Danish politician
1963 – Bobby Jarzombek, American drummer (Halford)
1963 – John Vanbiesbrouck, American hockey player
1963 – Sam Yaffa, Finnish musician (Hanoi Rocks, New York Dolls)
1964 – René Pape, German bass
1965 – Sergio Momesso, French Canadian ice hockey player
1966 – Yanka Dyagileva, Russian poet and singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
1966 – Jeff Tremaine, American director and producer
1967 – Darrin Murray, New Zealand cricketer
1968 – John DiMaggio, American voice actor
1968 – Phill Lewis, American actor
1968 – Mike Piazza, American baseball player
1969 – Alexander Coe, Welsh DJ and record producer
1969 – Ramon Dekkers, Dutch kickboxer
1969 – Noah Taylor, English-born actor
1969 – Kristen Wilson, American actress
1970 – Dave Buchwald, American hacker and film maker
1970 – Igor Cavalera, Brazilian drummer (Sepultura)
1970 – Daisy Dee, West Indian-born singer
1970 – Sven Meyer, German footballer
1971 – Lance Klusener, South African cricketer
1971 – Ione Skye, English actress
1971 – Maik Taylor, Northern Irish footballer
1971 – Anita Yuen, Hong Kong actress
1972 – Françoise Yip, Canadian actress
1973 – Jason David Frank, American actor
1973 – Aaron Fultz, American baseball player
1974 – Naved Ashraf, Pakistani cricketer
1974 – Carmit Bachar, American musician (Pussycat Dolls)
1974 – Lincoln Roberts, West Indian cricketer
1975 – Kai Owen, Welsh actor
1975 – Dave Salmoni, Canadian zoologist, animal trainer
1975 – Yoani Sánchez, Cuban dissident blogger
1976 – Katreeya English, Thai singer, actress, model
1976 – Denilson Martins Nascimento, Brazilian footballer
1976 – Clinton R. Nixon, American game designer
1976 – Mario-Ernesto Rodríguez, Uruguayan-Italian footballer
1977 – Sun-Woo Kim, Korean Major League Baseball player
1975 – Mark Ronson, English DJ/Producer and co-founder of Allido Records
1977 – Lucie Silvas, English musician
1978 – Wes Bentley, American actor
1978 – Christian Walz, Swedish artist.
1979 – Maxim Afinogenov, Russian ice hockey player
1979 – Pedro Camacho, Portuguese composer
1979 – Kristina Krepela, Croatian actress
1979 – Kosuke Matsuura, Japanese racing driver
1979 – MC Mong, South Korean hip hop artist
1980 – Pat Neshek, American baseball player
1980 – Hitomi Shimatani, Japanese singer
1981 – Richard Garcia, Australian footballer
1981 – Beyoncé Knowles, American singer and actress (Destiny's Child)
1981 – Lacey Sturm, American singer (Flyleaf)
1982 – Whitney Cummings, American comedian and actress
1983 – Joshua Gardner, American sex offender and fictional fifth Duke of Cleveland
1983 – Yuichi Nakamaru, Japanese idol, (member of KAT-TUN)
1983 – Margit Rüütel, Estonian tennis player
1984 – Camila Bordonaba, Argentine actress, singer and composer
1984 – Hamish McIntosh, Australian rules footballer
1984 – Demetris Nichols, American basketball player
1985 – Walid Mesloub, Algerian footballer
1985 – Raúl Albiol, Spanish footballer
1985 – Ri Kwang-Chon, North Korean footballer
1986 – James Younghusband, Philippine footballer
1986 – Ayumi Kaihori, Japanese footballer
1988 – John Tyler Hammons, American politician, mayor of Muskogee, Oklahoma
1990 – Stefanía Fernández, Venezuelan beauty queen and Miss Universe 2009
1990 – Jonny Lomax, English Rugby League player
1991 – Carter Jenkins, American actor
1995 – Trevor Gagnon, American actor
1999 – Kali Majors, American actress

Deaths

422 – Pope Boniface I
799 – Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (b. 745)
1037 – King Bermudo III of León (b. 1010)
1063 – Tughril, Turkish conqueror of Persia and Baghdad
1199 – Joan of England, Queen consort of Sicily, wife of William II of Sicily (b. 1165)
1537 – Johann Dietenberger, German theologian (b. c.1475)
1588 – Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1532)
1767 – Charles Townshend, English politician (b. 1725)
1780 – John Fielding, English magistrate and social reformer (b. 1721)
1784 – César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer (b. 1714)
1794 – John Hely-Hutchinson, Irish statesman (b. 1724)
1804 – Richard Somers, American naval officer
1821 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean general and founding father (b. 1785)
1852 – William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1796)
1864 – John Hunt Morgan, American Confederate military leader (b. 1825)
1907 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (b. 1843)
1909 – Clyde Fitch, American dramatist and playwright (b. 1865)
1940 – George William de Carteret, author from Jersey island (b. 1869)
1944 – General Erich Fellgiebel, German army officer who participated in the July 20th plot to assassinate Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler. (b. 1886)
1963 – Robert Schuman, French politician (b. 1886)
1965 – Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician and missionary, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1875)
1974 – Marcel Achard, French playwright (b. 1899)
1974 – Creighton Abrams, U.S. Army general (b. 1914)
1974 – Lewi Pethrus, Swedish politician (b. 1884)
1977 – E. F. Schumacher, German economist and statistician (b. 1911)
1977 – Jean Rostand, French biologist (b. 1894)
1977 – Stelios Perpiniadis, Greek musician (b. 1899)
1979 – Canuplin, Filipino magician and bodabil entertainer (b. 1904)
1986 – Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (b. 1911)
1986 – Otto Glória, Brazilian football coach (b. 1917)
1987 – Bill Bowes, English cricketer (b. 1908)
1989 – Georges Simenon, French author (b. 1903)
1989 – Ronald Syme, New Zealand-born classicist and historian (b. 1903)
1990 – Irene Dunne American actress (b. 1898)
1991 – Tom Tryon, American actor and novelist (b. 1926)
1991 – Dottie West, American singer (b. 1932)
1991 – Charlie Barnet, American jazz saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1913)
1993 – Hervé Villechaize, French actor (b. 1943)
1995 – Chuck Greenberg, American musician (Shadowfax; b. 1950)
1995 – William Kunstler, American lawyer and activist (b. 1919)
1997 – Aldo Rossi, Italian architect (b. 1931)
1998 – Elizabeth Kata, Australian writer, A Patch of Blue (b. 1912)
1999 – Georg Gawliczek, German football manager (b. 1919)
2001 – Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf, American radio personality (b. 1962)
2002 – Vlado Perlemuter, Lithuanian pianist (b. 1904)
2003 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (b. 1921)
2003 – Lola Bobesco, Romanian-born violinist (b. 1921)
2004 – Alphonso Ford, American basketball player (b. 1971)
2004 – Moe Norman, Canadian golfer (b. 1929)
2004 – James O. Page, American paramedic (b. 1936)
2006 – Colin Thiele, Australian author and educator (b. 1920)
2006 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (b. 1942)
2006 – Steve Irwin, Australian naturalist and television personality (b. 1962)
2006 – Astrid Varnay, Swedish-born soprano (b. 1918)
2011 – Lee Roy Selmon, American football player (b. 1954)
2012 – Sun Myung Moon, South Korean founder of the Unification Church (b. 1920)