Ang Lee (Li An; born October 23, 1954) is a Taiwanese-born American film director. Lee has directed a diverse set of films such as Eat Drink Man Woman (1994), Sense and Sensibility (1995), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film), Hulk (2003), and Brokeback Mountain (2005), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Director. He is the first person of Asian descent to win the Best Director Oscar.
Events
- 42 BC – Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus's army. Brutus commits suicide.
- 425 – Valentinian III is elevated as Roman Emperor, at the age of 6.
- 502 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.
- 1086 – At the Battle of az-Zallaqah, the army of Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeats the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI.
- 1157 – The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I restores the country.
- 1295 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris.
- 1641 – Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
- 1642 – Battle of Edgehill: First major battle of the First English Civil War.
- 1694 – British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps, fail to seize Quebec from the French.
- 1707 – The first Parliament of Great Britain meets.
- 1739 – War of Jenkins' Ear starts: British Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on Spain.
- 1812 – Claude François de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon Bonaparte, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia and that he is now the commandant of Paris.
- 1850 – The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States.
- 1861 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Washington, D.C., for all military-related cases.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Westport – Union forces under General Samuel R. Curtis defeat Confederate troops led by General Sterling Price at Westport, near Kansas City.
- 1867 – 72 Senators are summoned by Royal Proclamation to serve as the first members of the Canadian Senate.
- 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory.
- 1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe at Champs de Bagatelle, Paris, France.
- 1911 – First use of aircraft in war: An Italian pilot takes off from Libya to observe Turkish army lines during the Turco-Italian War.
- 1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.
- 1915 – Woman's suffrage: In New York City, 25,000-33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue to advocate their right to vote.
- 1917 – Lenin calls for the October Revolution.
- 1929 – Great Depression: After a steady decline in stock market prices since a peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of panic.
- 1929 – The first North American transcontinental air service begins between New York City and Los Angeles, California.
- 1935 – Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard "Lulu" Rosencrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey in what will become known as The Chophouse Massacre.
- 1941 – World War II: Field Marshal Georgy Zhukov takes command of Red Army operations to prevent the further advance into Russia of German forces and to prevent the Wehrmacht from capturing Moscow.
- 1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: – At El Alamein in northern Egypt, the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begins a critical offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt.
- 1942 – All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an American Airlines DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a U.S. Army Air Forces bomber near Palm Springs, California. Amongst the victims is award-winning composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory", "Love in Bloom", "Blue Hawaii").
- 1942 – World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on October 26.
- 1944 – World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf – The largest naval battle in history begins in the Philippines.
- 1944 – World War II: The Soviet Red Army enters Hungary.
- 1946 – The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City.
- 1956 – Thousands of Hungarians protest against the government and Soviet occupation. (The Hungarian Revolution is crushed on November 4).
- 1958 – The Springhill Mine Bump – An underground earthquake traps 174 miners in the No. 2 colliery at Springhill, Nova Scotia, the deepest coal mine in North America at the time. By November 1, rescuers from around the world had dug out 100 of the victims, marking the death toll at 74.
- 1958 – The Smurfs, a fictional race of blue dwarves, later popularized in a Hanna-Barbera animated cartoon series, appear for the first time in the story La flute à six schtroumpfs, a Johan and Peewit adventure by Peyo which is serialized in the weekly comics magazine Spirou.
- 1965 – Vietnam War: The 1st Cavalry Division (United States) (Airmobile), in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, launches a new operation seeking to destroy North Vietnamese forces in Pleiku in the II Corps Tactical Zone (the Central Highlands).
- 1970 – Gary Gabelich sets a land speed record in a rocket-powered automobile called the Blue Flame, fueled with natural gas.
- 1972 – Operation Linebacker, a US bombing campaign against North Vietnam in response to its Easter Offensive, ends after five months.
- 1973 – The Watergate Scandal: US President Richard M. Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations.
- 1973 – A United Nations sanctioned cease-fire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria.
- 1983 – Lebanon Civil War: The U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut is hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. military personnel. A French army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops.
- 1989 – The Hungarian Republic is officially declared by president Mátyás Szurös, replacing the communist Hungarian People's Republic.
- 1989 – Phillips Disaster in Pasadena, Texas kills 23 and injures 314.
- 1992 – Emperor Akihito becomes the first Emperor of Japan to stand on Chinese soil.
- 1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb prematurely detonates in the Shankill area of Belfast, killing the bomber and nine civilians. Ulster loyalists retaliate a week later with the Greysteel massacre.
- 1998 – Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat reach a "land for peace" agreement.
- 2001 – Apple announces the iPod.
- 2002 – Moscow Theatre Siege begins: Chechen terrorists seize the House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage.
- 2004 – A powerful earthquake and its aftershocks hit Niigata prefecture, northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.
- 2007 – A powerful cold front in the Bay of Campeche causes the Usumacinta Jackup rig to collide with Kab 101, leading to the death and drowning of 22 people during rescue operations after evacuation of the rig.
- 2011 – A powerful 7.2 magnitude earthquake strikes Van Province, Turkey, killing 582 people and injuring thousands.
Births
- 64 BC – Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Roman general and statesman (d. 12 BC)
- 1516 – Charlotte of Valois (d. 1524)
- 1634 – Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1715)
- 1654 – Johann Bernhard Staudt, Austrian composer (d. 1712)
- 1698 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect, designed the École Militaire (d. 1782)
- 1705 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian field marshal (d. 1757)
- 1713 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
- 1715 – Peter II of Russia (d. 1730)
- 1762 – Samuel Morey, American inventor (d. 1843)
- 1766 – Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy, French general (d. 1847)
- 1771 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813)
- 1790 – Chauncey Allen Goodrich, American clergyman (d. 1860)
- 1796 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss politician (d. 1857)
- 1801 – Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851)
- 1805 – John Russell Bartlett, American historian and linguist (d. 1886)
- 1813 – Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer (d. 1848)
- 1815 – João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe, Brazilian politician (d. 1889)
- 1817 – Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875)
- 1835 – Adlai Stevenson I, American politician, 23rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
- 1844 – Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930)
- 1857 – Juan Luna, Filipino painter (d. 1899)
- 1865 – Neltje Blanchan, American historian and author (d. 1918)
- 1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936)
- 1870 – Francis Kelley, Canadian-American bishop (d. 1948)
- 1873 – William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (d. 1975)
- 1875 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
- 1876 – Franz Schlegelberger, German judge and politician (d. 1970)
- 1880 – Una O'Connor, Irish actress (d. 1959)
- 1885 – Lawren Harris, Canadian painter (d. 1970)
- 1888 – Onésime Gagnon, Canadian politician, 20th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1961)
- 1893 – Gummo Marx, American actor (d. 1977)
- 1894 – Rube Bressler, American baseball player (d. 1966)
- 1896 – André Lévêque, French engineer (d. 1930)
- 1897 – Marjorie Flack, American author (d. 1958)
- 1900 – Douglas Jardine, English cricketer (d. 1958)
- 1904 – Harvey Penick, American golfer (d. 1995)
- 1905 – Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
- 1905 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003)
- 1908 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- 1909 – Zellig Harris, American linguist (d. 1992)
- 1910 – Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993)
- 1910 – Hayden Rorke, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1918 – James Daly, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1918 – Peggy Moran, American actress (d. 2002)
- 1918 – Paul Rudolph, American architect, designed the Lippo Centre (d. 1997)
- 1919 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist and academic (d. 1992)
- 1920 – Ted Fujita, Japanese meteorologist (d. 1998)
- 1920 – Bob Montana, American cartoonist (d. 1975)
- 1921 – R. K. Laxman, Indian cartoonist
- 1922 – Coleen Gray, American actress
- 1923 – Aslam Farrukhi, Pakistani scholar, author, and poet
- 1923 – Ned Rorem, American composer
- 1923 – Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
- 1923 – Harold P. Warren, American director (d. 1985)
- 1925 – Johnny Carson, American television host (d. 2005)
- 1925 – Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (d. 1994)
- 1925 – Fred Shero, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1990)
- 1927 – Sonny Criss, American saxophonist (d. 1977)
- 1927 – Leszek Kolakowski, Polish philosopher (d. 2009)
- 1928 – Bella Darvi, Polish-French actress (d. 1971)
- 1929 – Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet and journalist (d. 2006)
- 1931 – Jim Bunning, American baseball player and politician
- 1931 – William P. Clark, Jr., American politician, 12th United States National Security Advisor
- 1931 – Diana Dors, English actress (d. 1984)
- 1935 – Juan "Chi-Chi" Rodríguez, Puerto Rican golfer
- 1936 – Philip Kaufman, American director
- 1937 – Carlos Lamarca, Brazilian guerrilla leader (d. 1971)
- 1939 – Stanley Anderson, American actor
- 1940 – Pelé, Brazilian footballer
- 1940 – Ellie Greenwich, American singer-songwriter and producer (The Raindrops) (d. 2009)
- 1940 – Jane Holzer, American model, actress, producer, and art collector
- 1941 – Mel Winkler, American actor
- 1941 – Igor Smirnov, Moldovan politician, President of Transnistria
- 1942 – Michael Crichton, American author, screenwriter, director, and producer (d. 2008)
- 1942 – Bernd Erdmann, German footballer and manager
- 1942 – Anita Roddick, English businesswoman and activist, founder of The Body Shop (d. 2007)
- 1944 – Mike Harding, English singer-songwriter and comedian
- 1945 – Maggi Hambling, English sculptor and painter
- 1945 – Kim Larsen, Danish singer-songwriter and guitarist (Gasolin')
- 1946 – Mel Martinez, American politician
- 1948 – Hermann Hauser, Austrian-English businessman, co-founded Acorn Computers and Olivetti Research Laboratory
- 1948 – Brian Ross, American journalist
- 1949 – Würzel, English singer and guitarist (Motörhead) (d. 2011)
- 1949 – Nick Tosches, American journalist, author, and poet
- 1950 – Maths O. Sundqvist, Swedish businessman (d. 2012)
- 1951 – Charly García, Argentine singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Sui Generis, Serú Girán, and La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros)
- 1951 – Fatmir Sejdiu, Kosovan politician, 2nd President of Kosovo
- 1952 – Pierre Moerlen, French drummer (Gong) (d. 2005)
- 1953 – Taner Akçam, Turkish historian and sociologist
- 1954 – Ang Lee, Taiwanese-American director
- 1956 – Dianne Reeves, American singer
- 1956 – Dwight Yoakam, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1957 – Paul Kagame, Rwandan politician, 6th President of Rwanda
- 1957 – Martin Luther King III, American activist
- 1958 – Michael Eric Dyson, American activist, academic, and author
- 1958 – Rose Nabinger, German singer
- 1959 – Nancy Grace, American journalist and television host
- 1959 – Sam Raimi, American director
- 1959 – "Weird Al" Yankovic, American singer-songwriter, comedian, and actor
- 1960 – Randy Pausch, American academic and author (d. 2008)
- 1960 – Wayne Rainey, American motorcycle racer
- 1961 – Laurie Halse Anderson, American author
- 1961 – Andoni Zubizarreta, Spanish footballer
- 1962 – Doug Flutie, American football player
- 1963 – Gordon Korman, Canadian-American author
- 1964 – Robert Trujillo, American bass player and songwriter (Metallica, Black Label Society, Suicidal Tendencies, and Infectious Grooves)
- 1965 – Augusten Burroughs, American author and screenwriter
- 1965 – Al Leiter, American baseball player
- 1966 – Alex Flinn, American author
- 1966 – Alex Zanardi, Italian race car driver
- 1967 – Dale Crover, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (Melvins, The Men of Porn, and Altamont)
- 1969 – Trudi Canavan, Australian author
- 1969 – Brooke Theiss, American actress
- 1970 – Grant Imahara, American engineer
- 1970 – Steve Wilder, American actor
- 1970 – Zoe Wiseman, American model and photographer
- 1971 – Carlo Forlivesi, Italian composer
- 1971 – Christopher Horner, American cyclist
- 1972 – Bryan Pratt, American politician
- 1972 – Jasmin St. Claire, Virgin Islander porn actress
- 1972 – Jimmy Wayne, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1973 – Christian Dailly, Scottish footballer
- 1974 – Sander Westerveld, Dutch footballer
- 1975 – Jessicka, American singer-songwriter (Jack Off Jill and Scarling.)
- 1975 – Michelle Beadle, American sportscaster
- 1975 – Odalys García, Cuban actress
- 1975 – Yoon Son-ha, South Korean actress and singer
- 1975 – Keith Van Horn, American basketball player
- 1976 – Cat Deeley, English model, actress, and television host
- 1976 – Jon Huertas, American actor
- 1976 – Ryan Reynolds, Canadian actor
- 1977 – Brad Haddin, Australian cricketer
- 1978 – Jimmy Bullard, English footballer
- 1978 – Steve Harmison, English cricketer
- 1978 – Wang Nan, Chinese table tennis player
- 1978 – Archie Thompson, Australian footballer
- 1979 – Ramón Castro, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1979 – Simon Davies, Welsh footballer
- 1979 – Jorge Solís, Mexican boxer
- 1980 – Mate Bilic, Croatian footballer
- 1980 – Pedro Liriano, Dominican baseball player
- 1981 – Jeroen Bleekemolen, Dutch race car driver
- 1981 – Ben Francisco, American baseball player
- 1982 – Valentin Badea, Romanian footballer
- 1982 – Aleksandar Lukovic, Serbian footballer
- 1983 – Filippos Darlas, Greek footballer
- 1983 – Josh Strickland, American singer and actor
- 1984 – Izabel Goulart, Brazilian model
- 1984 – Simone Masini, Italian footballer
- 1984 – Meghan McCain, American columnist and author
- 1985 – Mohammed Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer
- 1985 – Masiela Lusha, Albanian-American actress and poet
- 1985 – Chris Neal, English footballer
- 1985 – Luca Spinetti, Italian footballer
- 1986 – Briana Evigan, American actress
- 1986 – Jake Robinson, English footballer
- 1986 – Jessica Stroup, American actress
- 1987 – Faye Hamlin, Swedish singer-songwriter (Play)
- 1990 – Stevie Brock, American singer
- 1990 – Axel Ehnström, Finnish singer-songwriter
- 1990 – Stan Walker, Australian singer and actor
- 1991 – Princess Mako of Akishino
- 1992 – Álvaro Morata, Spanish footballer
- 1993 – Taylor Spreitler, American actress
- 1997 – Daphne Blunt, American actress and singer
- 1998 – Amandla Stenberg, American actress
Deaths
- 42 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus, Roman senator (b. 85 BC)
- 877 – Ignatius, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 797)
- 891 – Yazaman al-Khadim, Emir of Tarsus
- 930 – Daigo, Emperor of Japan (b. 885)
- 1456 – Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (b. 1386)
- 1550 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1480)
- 1581 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1529)
- 1616 – Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (b. 1563)
- 1688 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)
- 1730 – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)
- 1764 – Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideuc, Comte Dubois de la Motte, French naval officer (b. 1683)
- 1774 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715)
- 1867 – Franz Bopp, German linguist (b. 1791)
- 1869 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
- 1872 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811)
- 1885 – Charles S. West, Texas jurist and politician (b. 1829)
- 1893 – Alexander Battenberg, prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857)
- 1910 – Chulalongkorn, King of Thailand (b. 1853)
- 1915 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
- 1921 – John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (b. 1840)
- 1934 – William Brennaugh, Canadian lacrosse player (b. 1877)
- 1938 – Jean-Guy Gautier, French rugby player (b. 1875)
- 1939 – Zane Grey, American author (b. 1872)
- 1942 – Ralph Rainger, American composer (b. 1901)
- 1943 – Wakashima Gonshiro, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 21st Yokozuna (b. 1876)
- 1944 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
- 1944 – Hana Brady, Holocaust victim (b. 1931)
- 1950 – Al Jolson, American singer and actor (b. 1886)
- 1953 – Adrien-Maurice-Victurnien-Mathieu, 8th duc de Noailles (b. 1869)
- 1957 – Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905)
- 1959 – George Bouzianis, Greek painter (b. 1885)
- 1959 – Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (b. 1871)
- 1978 – Maybelle Carter, American guitarist and musical innovator (b. 1909)
- 1983 – Jessica Savitch, American journalist (b. 1947)
- 1984 – James Petrillo, leader of the U.S. musicians union (b. 1892)
- 1984 – Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922)
- 1986 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)
- 1988 – Asashio Taro III, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 46th Yokozuna (b. 1929)
- 1989 – Armida, Mexican actress (b. 1911)
- 1990 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918)
- 1994 – Robert Lansing, American actor (b. 1928)
- 1996 – Bob Grim, American baseball player (b. 1930)
- 1997 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (b. 1916)
- 1998 – Barnett Slepian, American physician (b. 1946)
- 2000 – Rodney Anoa'i aka Yokozuna, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1966)
- 2001 – Ronald William "Josh" Kirby, British artist (b. 1928)
- 2001 – Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer and racehorse owner (b. 1917)
- 2002 – Adolph Green, American lyricist and playwright (b. 1915)
- 2003 – Tony Capstick, English actor, comedian, and musician (b. 1944)
- 2003 – Soong May-ling, wife of Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1897)
- 2004 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (b. 1919)
- 2004 – Bill Nicholson, English Footballer (b.1919)
- 2005 – William Hootkins, American actor (b. 1948)
- 2005 – John Muth, American economist (b. 1930)
- 2005 – Stella Obasanjo, Nigerian first lady (b. 1945)
- 2006 – Lebo Mathosa, South African entertainer (b. 1977)
- 2007 – John Ilhan, Australian entrepreneur (b. 1965)
- 2007 – Lim Goh Tong, Malaysian-born Chinese businessman (b. 1918)
- 2008 – Kevin Finnegan, British boxer (b. 1948)
- 2010 – Francis Crippen, American long-distance swimmer (b. 1984)
- 2010 – Leo Cullum, American cartoonist (b. 1942)
- 2010 – Stanley Tanger, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Tanger Factory Outlet Centers (b. 1923)
- 2011 – Herbert A. Hauptman American mathematician and Nobel prize winner (b. 1917)
- 2011 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist and pioneer in the field of Artificial Intelligence, inventor of the Lisp programming language.(b. 1927)
- 2011 – Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1987)
- 2012 – Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian author and poet (b. 1934)
Holidays and observances
- Christian Feast Day:
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