today.nukz.net: Almanac November 5

Vivien Leigh, Lady Olivier (5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967) was a British actress. She won the Best Actress Academy Award for her portrayal of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she also played on stage in London's West End, as well as for her portrayal of the southern belle Scarlett O'Hara, alongside Clark Gable, in the American Civil War drama Gone with the Wind.

She was a prolific stage performer, frequently in collaboration with her then-husband, Laurence Olivier, who directed her in several of her roles. During her 30-year stage career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet and Lady Macbeth.

She is ranked 16th on AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list, unveiled on 15 June 1999 by the American Film Institute.

Events

1138 – Ly Anh Tong is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, starting a 37-year reign.
1499 – Publication of the Catholicon in Tréguier (Brittany). This Breton-French-Latin dictionary was written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary.
1530 – The St. Felix's Flood destroys the city of Reimerswaal in the Netherlands.
1605 – The arrest of Guy Fawkes, found during a search of the Palace of Westminster, foils Robert Catesby's plot to destroy the House of Lords and all within it.
1743 – Coordinated scientific observations of the transit of Mercury are organized by Joseph-Nicolas Delisle.
1757 – Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.
1768 – Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
1780 – French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
1811 – Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado, rang the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement
1831 – Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.
1838 – The Federal Republic of Central America begins to disintegrate when Nicaragua separates from the Federation.
1854 – Crimean War: The Battle of Inkerman.
1862 – American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army for the second and final time.
1862 – American Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 303 Dakota warriors are found guilty of rape and murder of whites and are sentenced to hang. 38 are ultimately executed and the others reprieved.
1872 – Women's suffrage in the United States: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time, and is later fined $100.
1895 – George B. Selden is granted the first U.S. patent for an automobile.
1911 – After declaring war on the Ottoman Empire on September 29, 1911, Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica.
1912 – Woodrow Wilson was elected to his first term as President of the United States.
1913 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III.
1916 – The Kingdom of Poland is proclaimed by the Act of November 5th of the emperors of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
1916 – The Everett Massacre takes place in Everett, Washington as political differences lead to a shoot-out between the Industrial Workers of the World organizers and local police.
1917 – October Revolution: In Tallinn, Estonia, Communist leader Jaan Anvelt leads revolutionaries in overthrowing the Provisional Government (As Estonia and Russia are still using the Julian Calendar, subsequent period references show an October 23 date).
1917 – St. Tikhon of Moscow is elected the Patriarch of Moscow and of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1925 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly, the first "super-spy" of the 20th century, is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
1937 – Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people.
1943 – Bombing of the Vatican.
1945 – Colombia joins the United Nations.
1950 – Korean War: British and Australian forces from the 27th British Commonwealth Brigade successfully halted the advancing Chinese 117th Division during the Battle of Pakchon.
1967 – The Hither Green rail crash in the United Kingdom kills 49 people. Survivors include Robin Gibb of the Bee Gees.
1970 – Vietnam War: The United States Military Assistance Command in Vietnam reports the lowest weekly American soldier death toll in five years (24).
1983 – Byford Dolphin diving bell accident kills five and leaves one severely injured.
1986 – USS Rentz, USS Reeves and USS Oldendorf visit Qingdao (Tsing Tao) China – the first US Naval visit to China since 1949.
1987 – Govan Mbeki is released from custody after serving 24 years of a life sentence for terrorism and treason.
1990 – Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel.
1995 – André Dallaire attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Jean Chrétien of Canada. He is thwarted when the Prime Minister's wife locks the door.
1996 – President of Pakistan Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari dismisses the government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and dissolves the National Assembly of Pakistan.
2003 – Green River Killer Gary Ridgway pleaded guilty to 48 counts of murder.
2006 – Saddam Hussein, former president of Iraq, and his co-defendants Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti and Awad Hamed al-Bandar are sentenced to death in the al-Dujail trial for the role in the massacre of the 148 Shi'as in 1982.
2007 – China's first lunar satellite, Chang'e 1 goes into orbit around the Moon.
2009 – US Army Major Nidal Malik Hasan kills 13 and wounds 29 at Fort Hood, Texas in the deadliest mass shooting at a US military installation.

Births

1271 – Mahmud Ghazan, Mongol ruler (d. 1304)
1494 – Hans Sachs, German mastersinger (d. 1576)
1549 – Philippe de Mornay, French writer (d. 1623)
1592 – Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (d. 1672)
1613 – Isaac de Benserade, French poet (d. 1691)
1615 – Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1648)
1666 – Attilio Ariosti, Italian composer (d. 1729)
1667 – Christoph Ludwig Agricola, German painter (d. 1719)
1701 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)
1705 – Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)
1715 – John Brown, English writer (d. 1766)
1722 – William Byron, 5th Baron Byron, English duelist (d. 1798)
1739 – Hugh Montgomerie, 12th Earl of Eglinton, Scottish peer, politician, and composer (d. 1819)
1742 – Richard Cosway, English artist (d. 1821)
1818 – Benjamin Franklin Butler, 33rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1893)
1835 – Moritz Szeps, Austrian journalist (d. 1902)
1846 – Duncan Gordon Boyes, English recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 1869)
1850 – Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American author and poet (d. 1919)
1851 – Charles Dupuy, French prime minister (d. 1923)
1854 – Paul Sabatier, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)li>
1854 – Alphonse Desjardins, Canadian journalist and banking executive (d. 1920)
1855 – Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (d. 1913)
1855 – Eugene V. Debs, American socialist leader (d. 1926)
1857 – Ida Tarbell, American journalist (d. 1944)
1873 – Edwin Flack, Australian athlete (d. 1935)
1878 – Max Ammermann, German rower (death date unknown)
1879 – Otto Wahle, Austrian swimmer (d. 1963)
1881 – George A. Malcolm, American jurist & educator (d. 1961)
1884 – James Flecker, English writer (d. 1915)
1885 – Will Durant, American historian (d. 1981)
1887 – Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (d. 1961)
1890 – Jan Zrzavý, Czech painter (d. 1977)
1892 – J. B. S. Haldane, Scottish geneticist (d. 1964)
1894 – Beardsley Ruml, American economist and tax plan author (d. 1960)
1895 – Walter Gieseking, French pianist (d. 1956)
1895 – Charles MacArthur, American author (d. 1956)
1900 – Martin Dies, Jr., American politician (d. 1972)
1900 – Natalie Schafer, American actress (d. 1991)
1904 – Cooney Weiland, Canadian hockey player (d. 1985)
1905 – Joel McCrea, American actor (d. 1990)
1905 – Sajjad Zaheer, Urdu writer and revolutionary (d. 1973)
1906 – Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer (d. 2004)
1906 – Endre Kabos, Hungarian fencer (d. 1944)
1910 – General Sir John Hackett, Australian-British soldier, author (d. 1997)
1911 – Roy Rogers, American actor (d. 1998)
1911 – Baby Marie Osborne, American actress (d. 2010)
1913 – Vivien Leigh, English actress (d. 1967)
1913 – John McGiver, American actor (d. 1975)
1914 – Alton Tobey, American artist (d. 2005)
1917 – Jacqueline Auriol, French aviatrix (d. 2000)
1917 – Banarsi Das Gupta, Indian former Chief Minister of Haryana (d. 2007)
1919 – Hasan Askari, Pakistani philosopher (d. 1978)
1919 – Myron Floren, American accordionist (d. 2005)
1920 – Douglass North, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
1921 – Georges Cziffra, Hungarian pianist (d. 1994)
1921 – Queen Fawzia of Egypt
1922 – Violet Barclay, American illustrator (d. 2010)
1922 – Cecil Underwood, American politician (d. 2008)
1923 – Rudolf Augstein, German journalist (d. 2002)
1928 – Donald Madden, American theatre, television, and film actor (d. 1983)
1931 – Ike Turner, American musician (d. 2007)
1934 – Victor Argo, American actor (d. 2004)
1935 – Lester Piggott, British jockey
1935 – Christopher Wood, English screenwriter and novelist
1936 – Michael Dertouzos, Greek-born American computer scientist (d. 2001)
1936 – Uwe Seeler, German footballer
1937 – Chan Sek Keong, Singaporian jurist
1937 – Harris Yulin, American actor
1938 – Joe Dassin, French-speaking American singer (d. 1980)
1938 – César Luis Menotti, Argentine footballer
1938 – Jim Steranko, American graphic artist
1939 – Lobsang Tenzin, the 5th Samdhong Rinpoche, Kalon Tripa (Prime Minister) of the Tibetan Government-in-exile
1940 – Ted Kulongoski, American politician
1940 – Elke Sommer, German actress
1941 – Art Garfunkel, American musician
1941 – Yoshiyuki Tomino, Japanese Mecha anime creator
1942 – Pierangelo Bertoli, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2002)
1943 – Friedman Paul Erhardt (Chef Tell), German-born American TV chef (d. 2007)
1943 – Sam Shepard, American playwright and actor
1944 – Carole Nelson Douglas, American author
1945 – Peter Pace, American military officer
1945 – Aleka Papariga, Greek politician
1946 – Herman Brood, Dutch musician and artist (d. 2001)
1946 – Gram Parsons, American musician (d. 1973)
1947 – Quint Davis, American festival producer
1947 – Rubén Juárez, Argentine bandoneonist (d. 2010)
1947 – Peter Noone, English musician (Herman's Hermits)
1948 – Bob Barr, American politician
1948 – Peter Hammill, British musician (Van der Graaf Generator)
1948 – Bernard-Henri Lévy, French public intellectual
1948 – Hridayananda Dasa Goswami, ISKCON guru
1948 – William Daniel Phillips, American physicist, Nobel laureate
1949 – Armin Shimerman, American actor
1949 – Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (d. 1984)
1950 – James Kennedy, American social psychologist
1950 – Thorbjørn Jagland, Norwegian statesman
1952 – Oleg Blokhin, Ukrainian footballer
1952 – Vandana Shiva, Indian physicist
1952 – Bill Walton, American basketball player and commentator
1953 – Florentino V. Floro, Filipino judge
1953 – Joyce Maynard, American writer
1955 – Bernard Chazelle, French computer scientist
1955 – Karan Thapar, Indian journalist and political analyst
1955 – Nestor Serrano, American actor
1955 – Kris Jenner, American television personality, socialite, and businesswoman
1956 – Denise Jannah, Dutch Suriname-born jazz vocalist
1957 – Jon-Erik Hexum, American actor (d. 1984)
1957 – Mike Score, English musician (A Flock of Seagulls)
1958 – Don Falcone, American musician and producer
1958 – Mo Gaffney, American actress and comedian
1958 – Robert Patrick, American actor
1959 – Bryan Adams, Canadian musician
1960 – René Froger, Dutch singer
1960 – Tilda Swinton, English actress
1961 – Gina Mastrogiacomo, American actress (d. 2001)
1961 – Alan G. Poindexter, NASA astronaut (d. 2012)
1961 – Entesar Al-Sharah, Kuwaiti actor
1962 – Abédi Pelé, Ghanaian footballer
1962 – Marcus J. Ranum, American computer software designer
1963 – Hans Gillhaus, Dutch footballer and director of football
1963 – Andrea McArdle, American actress
1963 – Tatum O'Neal, American actress
1963 – Brian Wheat, American musician (Tesla)
1964 – Helga van Niekerk, South African radio presenter
1965 – Famke Janssen, Dutch model and actress
1965 – Kubrat, Prince of Panagyurishte of Bulgaria
1966 – James Allen, British journalist
1966 – Georgia Apostolou, Greek actress
1966 – Nayim, Spanish footballer
1967 – Marcelo D2, Brazilian rapper
1967 – Judy Reyes, Dominican American actress
1968 – Sam Rockwell, American film actor
1968 – Aitana Sánchez-Gijón, Spanish actress
1970 – Javy López, baseball player
1970 – Tamzin Outhwaite, English actress
1971 – Chris Addison, English comedian
1971 – Sergei Berezin, Russian ice hockey player
1971 – Jonny Greenwood, English musician (Radiohead)
1971 – Dana Jacobson, American sportscaster
1971 – Rob Jones, English footballer
1971 – Edmond Leung, Hong Kong singer
1971 – Corin Nemec, American actor
1971 – Mårten Olander, Swedish professional golfer
1973 – Johnny Damon, American baseball player
1973 – Peter Emmerich, American illustrator
1973 – Danniella Westbrook, English actress
1973 – Alexei Yashin, Russian ice hockey player
1974 – Ryan Adams, American musician
1974 – Angela Gossow, German vocalist (Arch Enemy)
1974 – Dado Pršo, Croatian footballer
1974 – Jerry Stackhouse, American basketball player
1975 – Lisa Scott-Lee, Welsh singer-songwriter
1976 – Sebastian Arcelus, American voice actor
1976 – Jeff Klein, American musician
1976 – Samuel Page, American actor
1977 – Brittney Skye, American pornographic actress
1977 – Maarten Tjallingii, Dutch racing cyclist
1977 – Richard Wright, English footballer
1979 – Romi Dames, Japanese-American actress
1979 – Colin Grzanna, German rugby player
1979 – David Suazo, Honduran footballer
1979 – Michalis Hatzigiannis, Greek/Cypriot songwriter and singer
1980 – Jaime Camara, Brazilian racing driver
1980 – Eva González, Spanish model and beauty queen
1980 – Christoph Metzelder, German footballer
1981 – Paul Chapman, Australian rules footballer
1981 – Ümit Ergirdi, Turkish footballer
1982 – Rob Swire, Australian record producer, singer and keyboardist (Pendulum)
1983 – Alexa Chung, British TV presenter and former fashion model
1983 – Mike Hanke, German footballer
1983 – Andrew Hayden-Smith, British TV presenter and actor
1984 – Tobias Enström, Swedish ice hockey player
1984 – Nick Folk, American football player
1984 – Nikolay Zherdev, Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player
1985 – Michel Butter, Dutch long-distance runner
1985 – Kate DeAraugo, Australian singer (Young Divas)
1985 – Koki Tanaka, Japanese singer (KAT-TUN)
1986 – BoA, Korean singer
1986 – Kasper Schmeichel, Danish footballer
1987 – Kevin Jonas, American guitarist (Jonas Brothers)
1987 – O. J. Mayo, American basketball player
1988 – Virat Kohli, Indian cricketer
1988 – Bailey Jay, American transsexual pornographic actress
1992 – Marco Verratti, Italian footballer

Deaths

1370 – King Casimir III the Great of Poland (b. 1310)
1515 – Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (b. 1474)
1559 – Kano Motonobu, Japanese painter (b. 1476)
1660 – Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English socialite (b. 1599)
1660 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1591)
1701 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c. 1659)
1714 – Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (b. 1633)
1752 – Carl Andreas Duker, German classical scholar (b. 1670)
1758 – Hans Egede, Norwegian Lutheran missionary (b. 1686)
1828 – Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg), wife of Tsar Paul I of Russia (b. 1759)
1836 – Karel Hynek Mácha, Czech poet (b. 1810)
1879 – James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (b. 1831)
1923 – Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, French novelist (b. 1880)
1930 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1858)
1931 – Konrad Stäheli, Swiss sports shooter (b. 1866)
1933 – Texas Guinan, American saloon keeper, actress, and musician (b. 1884)
1933 – Walther von Dyck, German mathematician (b. 1856)
1941 – Arndt Pekurinen, Finnish pacifist (b. 1905)
1942 – George M. Cohan, American musician, actor, writer, and composer (b. 1878)
1944 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1873)
1951 – Reggie Walker, South African athlete (b. 1889)
1955 – Maurice Utrillo, French artist (b. 1883)
1956 – Art Tatum, American musician (b. 1909)
1960 – Ward Bond, American actor (b. 1903)
1960 – Johnny Horton, American country music singer (b. 1925)
1960 – Mack Sennett, Canadian producer and director (b. 1880)
1964 – Buddy Cole, American jazz pianist and orchestra leader (b. 1916)
1964 – Lansdale Sasscer, American politician (b. 1893)
1968 – Christina Kalogerikou, Greek actress (b. 1885)
1971 – Sam Jones, American baseball player (b. 1925)
1974 – Stafford Repp, American actor (b. 1918)
1975 – Annette Kellerman, Australian swimmer (b. 1887)
1975 – Edward Lawrie Tatum, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1909)
1975 – Lionel Trilling, American critic and writer (b. 1905)
1977 – René Goscinny, French comic book writer (b. 1926)
1977 – Guy Lombardo, Canadian conductor (b. 1902)
1979 – Al Capp, American cartoonist (b. 1909)
1981 – Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa Lama, Tibetan religious figure (b. 1924)
1982 – E. H. Carr, British historian (b. 1892)
1985 – Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (b. 1898)
1985 – Spencer W. Kimball, American religious figure (b. 1895)
1986 – Claude Jutra, Québécois actor and film director (b. 1930)
1986 – Bobby Nunn, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1925)
1987 – Eamonn Andrews, Irish television presenter (b. 1922)
1989 – Vladimir Horowitz, Russian pianist (b. 1903)
1991 – Fred MacMurray, American actor (b. 1908)
1991 – Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (b. 1923)
1992 – Arpad Elo, American physicist and chess player (b. 1903)
1996 – Eddie Harris, American saxophonist (b. 1934)
1997 – James Robert Baker, American novelist, screenwriter (b. 1946)
1997 – Isaiah Berlin, Latvian historian (b. 1909)
1997 – Epic Soundtracks, English musician (Swell Maps, Crime and the City Solution, These Immortal Souls) (b. 1959)
2000 – Jimmie Davis, American singer and politician (b. 1899)
2000 – Victor Grinich, American businessman (b. 1924)
2000 – Bibi Titi Mohammed, Tanzanian politician (b. 1926)
2001 – Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (b. 1913)
2001 – Milton William Cooper, American writer, shortwave broadcaster (b. 1943)
2001 – Barry Horne, British animal activist (b. 1952)
2002 – Billy Guy, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1936)
2003 – Bobby Hatfield, American singer (Righteous Brothers) (b. 1940)
2004 – Donald Jones, American Dutch actor and dancer (b. 1932)
2005 – John Fowles, English writer (b. 1926)
2005 – Virginia MacWatters, American soprano (b. 1912)
2005 – John Rice, known as the shortest living twin with Greg Rice until his death, at 2 ft. 10 in. tall (b. 1951)
2005 – Link Wray, American rock and roll guitarist, songwriter and singer (b. 1929)
2006 – Bülent Ecevit, Turkish politician (b. 1925)
2007 – Nils Liedholm, Swedish footballer and coach (b. 1922)
2009 – Félix Luna, Argentine historian (b. 1925)
2010 – Jill Clayburgh, American actress (b. 1944)
2010 – Henriette van Lynden-Leijten, Dutch diplomat and ambassador (b. 1950)
2010 – Adrian Paunescu, Romanian poet and politician (b. 1943)
2010 – Shirley Verrett, American operatic mezzo-soprano (b. 1931)
2010 – Antonio Cárdenas Guillén, Mexican drug lord and co-leader (Gulf Cartel) (b. 1962)
2011 – Bhupen Hazarika, Indian singer, composer, lyricist, music director, and filmmaker from Assam (b. 1926)