Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. (November 4, 1916 – July 17, 2009) was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962–81). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as "the most trusted man in America" after being so named in an opinion poll. He reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombings in World War II; the Nuremberg trials; combat in the Vietnam War; Watergate; the Iran Hostage Crisis; and the murders of President John F. Kennedy, civil rights pioneer Martin Luther King, Jr., and Beatles musician John Lennon. He was also known for his extensive coverage of the U.S. space program, from Project Mercury to the Moon landings to the Space Shuttle. He was the only non-NASA recipient of a Moon-rock award. Cronkite is well known for his departing catchphrase "And that's the way it is," followed by the date on which the appearance aired.
Events
- 1429 – Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier.
- 1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII's older brother – they would later marry.
- 1576 – Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city is nearly destroyed).
- 1677 – The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange. They would later jointly reign as William and Mary.
- 1737 – The Teatro di San Carlo is inaugurated.
- 1783 – W.A. Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria.
- 1791 – The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash.
- 1798 – Beginning of the Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu.
- 1839 – The Newport Rising: the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain.
- 1847 – Sir James Young Simpson, a British physician, discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform.
- 1852 – Count Camillo Benso di Cavour becomes the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy.
- 1861 – The University of Washington opens in Seattle, Washington as the Territorial University.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Johnsonville – Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in material.
- 1890 – City & South London Railway: London's first deep-level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.
- 1912 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is laid down.
- 1918 – World War I: Austria-Hungary surrenders to Italy.
- 1921 – The Sturmabteilung or SA, whose members were known as "brownshirts", physically assault Adolf Hitler's opposition after his speech in Munich.
- 1921 – Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi is assassinated in Tokyo.
- 1921 – The Italian unknown soldier is buried in the Altare della Patria (Fatherland Altar) in Rome.
- 1922 – In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
- 1924 – Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming is elected the first female governor in the United States.
- 1939 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash-and-carry purchases of weapons by belligerents.
- 1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein – Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel leads his forces on a five-month retreat.
- 1944 – World War II: Bitola Liberation Day
- 1952 – The United States government establishes the National Security Agency.
- 1955 – After being destroyed in World War II, the rebuilt Vienna State Opera reopens with a performance of Beethoven's Fidelio.
- 1956 – Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution against the Soviet Union, that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country.
- 1960 – At the Kasakela Chimpanzee Community in Tanzania, Dr. Jane Goodall observes chimpanzees creating tools, the first-ever observation in non-human animals.
- 1962 – In a test of the Nike-Hercules air defense missile, Shot Dominic-Tightrope is successfully detonated 69,000 feet above Johnston Island. It would also be the last atmospheric nuclear test conducted by the United States.
- 1966 – The Arno River flooded Florence, Italy, to a maximum depth of 6.7 m (22 ft), leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books.
- 1970 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization – The United States turns control of the Binh Thuy Air Base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.
- 1970 – Genie, a 13-year-old feral child is found in Los Angeles, California having been locked in her bedroom for most of her life.
- 1973 – The Netherlands experiences the first Car Free Sunday caused by the 1973 oil crisis. Highways are deserted and are used only by cyclists and roller skaters.
- 1979 – Iran hostage crisis begins: a group of Iranians, mostly students, invades the US embassy in Tehran and takes 90 hostages (53 of whom are American).
- 1993 – A China Airlines Boeing 747 overruns Runway 13 at Hong Kong's Kai Tak International Airport while landing during a typhoon, injuring 22 people.
- 1994 – San Francisco: First conference that focuses exclusively on the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web.
- 1995 – Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an extremist Orthodox Israeli.
- 2002 – Chinese authorities arrest cyber-dissident He Depu for signing a pro-democracy letter to the 16th Communist Party Congress.
- 2008 – Barack Obama becomes the first African-American to be elected President of the United States.
- 2008 – Proposition 8 passes in California, revoking state recognition of LGBT marriages.
- 2011 – The Hellenic Parliament rejects a no-confidence motion against the Prime Minister of Greece George Papandreou following a failed attempt to hold a referendum on a Eurozone bailout.
Births
- 1448 – King Alphonso II of Naples (d. 1495)
- 1575 – Guido Reni, Italian painter (d. 1642)
- 1618 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (d.1707)
- 1631 – Mary of Orange, eldest daughter of Charles I of England and mother of William III of England (d. 1660)
- 1640 – Carlo Mannelli, Italian violinist, castrato and composer (d.1697)
- 1661 – Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1742)
- 1740 – Augustus Montague Toplady, English author of hymn "Rock of Ages" (d. 1778)
- 1765 – Pierre-Simon Girard, French mathematician (d. 1836)
- 1809 – Benjamin Robbins Curtis, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1874)
- 1816 – Stephen Johnson Field, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1899)
- 1836 – Henry J. Lutcher, American businessman (d. 1912)
- 1845 – Vasudeo Balwant Phadke, Indian revolutionary (d. 1883)
- 1853 – Anna Bayerová, Czech physician (d. 1924)
- 1868 – Carolina Otero, a.k.a. La Belle Otero, Spanish actress, singer and courtesan (d. 1965)
- 1874 – Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak, Russian military commander (d. 1920)
- 1879 – Will Rogers, American humorist (d. 1935)
- 1883 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general (d. 1953)
- 1884 – Harry Ferguson, British aviator and inventor (d. 1960)
- 1884 – George Underwood, American athlete (d. 1943)
- 1887 – Alfred Lee Loomis, American physicist, philanthropist, scientific research patron (d. 1975)
- 1897 – Dolly Stark, American baseball umpire (d. 1968)
- 1890 – Alfred Henschke, ps. Klabund, German writer and poet (d. 1928)
- 1896 – Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President of the Philippines (1957–1960) (d. 1971)
- 1899 – Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourgish cyclist (d. 1985)
- 1900 – Lucretiu Patrascanu, Romanian communist activist and sociologist (d. 1954)
- 1901 – Princess Bang-ja of Korea (d. 1989)
- 1901 – Spyridon Marinatos, Greek archaeologist (d. 1974)
- 1904 – Tadeusz Zylinski, Polish technician and textilist (d. 1967)
- 1906 – Sterling North, American author (d. 1974)
- 1907 – Draga Matkovic, German concert pianist
- 1908 – Józef Rotblat, Polish physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
- 1908 – Stanley Cortez, American cinematographer (d. 1997)
- 1909 – Skeeter Webb, American baseball player (d. 1986)
- 1909 – Bert Patenaude, American soccer player (d. 1974)
- 1909 – Evelyn Johnson, American aviator (d. 2012)
- 1912 – Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (d. 1978)
- 1913 – Gig Young, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1916 – Walter Cronkite, American news broadcaster (d. 2009)
- 1916 – Ruth Handler, American businesswoman and inventor of the Barbie doll (d. 2002)
- 1916 – John Basilone, American marine and Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1945)
- 1918 – Art Carney, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1918 – Cameron Mitchell, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1919 – Martin Balsam, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1922 – Benno Besson, Swiss actor (d. 2006)
- 1923 – Freddy Heineken, Dutch businessman (d. 2002)
- 1923 – Howie Meeker, Canadian ice hockey player and politician
- 1923 – Eugene Sledge, American marine and author (d. 2001)
- 1925 – Ritwik Ghatak, Indian Filmmaker and script writer (d. 1976)
- 1926 – Carlos Valdes, conga player, born in Cuba, lived in USA, known as "Patato" (d. 2007)
- 1928 – Hannah Weiner American experimental poet (d. 1997)
- 1928 – Larry Bunker, American jazz drummer, vibraphonist, and percussionist (d. 2005)
- 1929 – Anastasios, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Tirana
- 1929 – Shaike Ophir, Israeli actor (d. 1987)
- 1929 – Dickie Valentine, British singer (d. 1971)
- 1930 – James E. Brewton, American painter and printmaker (d. 1967)
- 1930 – Doris Roberts, American actress
- 1930 – Dick Groat, American baseball player
- 1930 – John Hahn-Petersen, Danish actor (d. 2006)
- 1931 – Bernard Cardinal Law, Archbishop Emeritus of Boston,
- 1932 – Tommy Makem Irish folk singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
- 1932 – Thomas Klestil, former President of Austria (d. 2004)
- 1933 – Tito Francona, American baseball player
- 1933 – C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Nigerian politician
- 1933 – Sir Charles Kuen Kao, Chinese physicist, Nobel Laureate
- 1936 – C. K. Williams, American poet
- 1937 – Loretta Swit, American actress
- 1937 – Michael Wilson, Canadian politician
- 1938 – Jorge Manicera, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2012)
- 1939 – Shakuntala Devi, Indian calculating prodigy
- 1940 – Delbert McClinton, American musician
- 1943 – Marlène Jobert, French actress
- 1943 – Clark Graebner, American tennis player
- 1943 – Bob Wollek, French race car driver (d. 2001)
- 1944 – Scherrie Payne, American singer (The Supremes)
- 1944 – Linda Gary, American voice actress (d. 1995)
- 1946 – Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States
- 1946 – Frederick Elmes, American cinematographer
- 1946 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989)
- 1948 – Amadou Toumani Touré, President of Mali
- 1950 – Charles Frazier, American author
- 1950 – Markie Post, American actress
- 1951 – Traian Basescu, President of Romania
- 1951 – Cosey Fanni Tutti, English performance artist (Throbbing Gristle, Chris and Cosey)
- 1953 – Richie Green, Canadian actor
- 1953 – Carlos Gutierrez, American politician and 35th United States Secretary of Commerce
- 1953 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian racing driver
- 1953 – Dr. Marvel Williamson, American educator
- 1954 – Chris Difford, English musician and songwriter (Squeeze)
- 1955 – Moulana Ghousavi Shah, Author, (Secretary General: The Conference of World Religions)
- 1955 – Matti Vanhanen, Finnish politician, former Prime Minister
- 1956 – James Honeyman-Scott, English guitarist (The Pretenders) (d. 1982)
- 1956 – Tom Greenhalgh, multimedia artist and singer-songwriter known for his work with the Mekons
- 1956 – Jordan Rudess, American musician (Dream Theater)
- 1957 – Tony Abbott, Australian politician
- 1957 – Alexander Vasilyevich Tkachyov, Soviet gymnast
- 1958 – Anne Sweeney, American television executive
- 1959 – Ken Kirzinger, Canadian actor and stuntman
- 1960 – Marc Awodey, American artist and writer
- 1960 – Kathy Griffin, American comedian
- 1960 – Frl. Menke, German pop singer of the Neue Deutsche Welle
- 1961 – Daron Hagen, American composer
- 1961 – Edward Knight, American composer
- 1961 – Ralph Macchio, American actor
- 1961 – Les Sampou, American musician
- 1961 – Nigel Worthington, Northern Irish footballer
- 1962 – Jeff Probst, American television host
- 1963 – Marc Déry, Canadian singer and guitarist (Zébulon)
- 1963 – Rosario Flores, Spanish singer and actress
- 1963 – Michel Therrien, Canadian ice hockey coach
- 1963 – Lena Zavaroni, Scottish artist and singer (d. 1999)
- 1964 – Kurt Krakowian, American actor
- 1965 – Malandra Burrows, English actress and singer
- 1965 – Pata, Japanese musician
- 1965 – Jeff Scott Soto, American musician (Yngwie Malmsteen, Journey)
- 1965 – Wayne Static, American musician (Static-X)
- 1965 – Kiersten Warren, American actress
- 1967 – Eric Karros, American baseball player
- 1968 – Carlos Baerga, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1968 – Miles Long, American pornographic actor and director
- 1969 – Sean "Diddy" Combs, American record producer and rapper
- 1969 – Matthew McConaughey, American actor
- 1970 – Tim DeBoom, American triathlete
- 1970 – Malena Ernman, Swedish opera singer
- 1970 – Bethenny Frankel, American chef and television personality
- 1970 – Tony Sly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (No Use for a Name and Scorpios) (d. 2012)
- 1972 – Luís Figo, Portuguese footballer
- 1972 – Tabassum Hashmi, Indian actress
- 1974 – Cedric Bixler-Zavala, American musician (At the Drive-In, The Mars Volta)
- 1974 – Louise Redknapp, English singer, television presenter
- 1975 – Éric Fichaud, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1975 – Eduard Kokcharov, Russian handball player
- 1975 – Mikki Moore, American basketball player
- 1975 – Orlando Pace, American football player
- 1975 – Curtis Stone, Australian chef and television personality
- 1975 – Heather Tom, American actress
- 1975 – Lorenzen Wright, American basketball player (d. 2010)
- 1976 – Daniel Bahr, German politician
- 1976 – Peter Van Houdt, Belgian footballer
- 1976 – Bruno Junqueira, Brazilian racing driver
- 1976 – Mario Melchiot, Dutch footballer
- 1977 – Larry Bigbie, American baseball player
- 1977 – Tonicha Jeronimo, British actress
- 1977 – Hannelore Knuts, Belgian fashion model
- 1977 – So Ji-sub, South Korean swimmer, model and actor
- 1978 – John Grabow, American baseball player
- 1978 – Danny Salomon, American actor
- 1979 – Jesse Camp, American VJ
- 1979 – Trishelle Cannatella, American reality TV cast member and model
- 1979 – Audrey Hollander, American pornographic actress
- 1980 – Sabrina Colie, Jamaican actress
- 1980 – Jerry Collins, New Zealand rugby union footballer
- 1980 – Richard Owens, American football player
- 1980 – Marcy Rylan, American actress
- 1981 – Guy Martin, English motorcycle racer
- 1981 – Vince Wilfork, American football player
- 1982 – Devin Hester, American football player
- 1984 – Dustin Brown, American ice hockey player
- 1984 – Ayila Yussuf, Nigerian footballer
- 1985 – Ryan Nemeth, American professional wrestler and writer
- 1985 – Gillian Zinser, American actress
- 1985 – Marcell Jansen, German footballer
- 1986 – Alexz Johnson, Canadian singer and actress
- 1986 – Adrian Zaugg, South African racing driver
- 1987 – Tim Breukers, Dutch footballer
- 1992 – Julian Wießmeier, German footballer
- 1993 – Elisabeth Seitz, German gymnast
- 1997 – Bea Binene, Filipina actress
Deaths
- 1411 – Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxonia (b. 1384)
- 1652 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Flemish mathematician (b. 1597)
- 1658 – Antoine Le Maistre, French Jansenist (b. 1608)
- 1669 – Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian (b. 1603)
- 1698 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician and mathematician (b. 1625)
- 1702 – John Benbow, English admiral (b. 1653)
- 1704 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (b. 1654)
- 1781 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet (b. 1721)
- 1801 – William Shippen, American physician and delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1712)
- 1847 – Thieu Tri, the third emperor of the Nguy?n Dynasty of Vietnam (b. 1807)
- 1847 – Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (b. 1809)
- 1856 – Hippolyte Delaroche, French painter (b. 1797)
- 1893 – Pierre Tirard, French politician (b. 1827)
- 1906 – John H. Ketcham, American politician (b. 1832)
- 1918 – Wilfred Owen, English poet (b. 1893)
- 1924 – Gabriel Fauré, French composer (b. 1845)
- 1924 – Richard Conner, American Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient (b. 1843)
- 1928 – Arnold Rothstein, American gambler (b. 1882)
- 1930 – Buddy Bolden, American musician (b. 1877)
- 1931 – Luigi Galleani, Italian anarchist (b. 1861)
- 1940 – Arthur Rostron, captain of RMS Carpathia (b. 1869)
- 1950 – Grover Cleveland Alexander, American baseball player (b. 1887)
- 1955 – Cy Young, American baseball player (b. 1867)
- 1957 – Shoghi Effendi, Israeli religious figure (b. 1897)
- 1968 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian painter (b. 1892)
- 1969 – Carlos Marighella, Brazilian politician (b. 1911)
- 1974 – Bert Patenaude, American soccer player (b. 1909)
- 1975 – Izzat Husrieh, Syrian journalist and publisher (b. 1914)
- 1975 – Francis Dvornik, Czech historian (b. 1893)
- 1980 – Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (b. 1905)
- 1982 – Dominique Dunne, American actress (b. 1959)
- 1982 – Gil Whitney, American weather forecaster (b. 1940)
- 1986 – Kurt Hirsch, German mathematician (b. 1906)
- 1988 – Kleanthis Vikelidis, Greek footballer (b. 1916)
- 1992 – George Klein, Canadian inventor (b. 1904)
- 1994 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitar player MC5 (b. 1949)
- 1994 – Sam Francis, American painter (b. 1923)
- 1995 – Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher (b. 1925)
- 1995 – Paul Eddington, British actor (b. 1927)
- 1995 – Eddie Egan, American actor and police officer (b. 1930)
- 1995 – Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli prime minister; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1922)
- 1995 – Morrie Schwartz, Sociology professor at Brandeis University and an author (b. 1916)
- 1997 – Richard Hooker, American writer (b. 1924)
- 1999 – Malcolm Marshall, Barbadian West Indies cricketer (b. 1958)
- 2002 – Nakis Avgerinos, Greek politician (b. 1911)
- 2003 – Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (b. 1923)
- 2003 – Ken Gampu, South African actor (b. 1929)
- 2003 – Charles Causley, Cornish writer and poet (b. 1917)
- 2005 – Nadia Anjuman, Afghan poet and journalist (b. 1980)
- 2005 – Sheree North, American actress and singer (b. 1932)
- 2006 – Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, American memoirist (b. 1908)
- 2006 – Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian politician and Nisga'a statesman (b. 1915)
- 2007 – Peter Viertel, German-born American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)
- 2008 – Michael Crichton, American author (b. 1942)
- 2008 – Juan Camilo Mouriño, Mexican Secretary of the Interior (b. 1971)
- 2009 – Hubertus Brandenburg, Swedish Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1923)
- 2010 – Sparky Anderson, American baseball manager (b. 1934)
- 2010 – Eugénie Blanchard, French supercentenarian (b. 1896)
- 2010 – Michelle Nicastro, American actress and singer (b. 1960)
- 2011 – Andy Rooney, American radio and television writer (b. 1919)
Holidays and observances
- Christian Feast Day:
- Day of Love (1970s Egypt)
- Earliest day on which Return Day can fall, while November 10 is the latest; celebrated on Thursday following the first Monday of November of every even numbered year. (Georgetown, Delaware)
- Feast of Qudrat (Power), first day of the month of Qudrat of the Bahá'í calendar (Bahá'í Faith)
- Flag Day (Panama)
- National Unity and Armed Forces Day or Giorno dell'Unità Nazionale e Festa delle Forze Armate (Italy)
- The first day of the Ludi Plebeii, celebrated until November 17 (Roman Empire)
- Unity Day (Russia)
- Yitzhak Rabin Memorial (unofficial, but widely commemorated)
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