today.nukz.net: Almanac July 11

Kimberly Denise Jones (born July 11, 1974), better known by her stage name Lil' Kim, is an American rapper and actress who was a member of the group Junior M.A.F.I.A..

Events

472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in the Old St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
1740 – Pogrom: Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.
1776 – Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons made his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovered another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
1859 – Westminster's Big Ben rang for the first time in London.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C..
1882 – The British Mediterranean fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician, José Santos Zelaya, takes over state power in Nicaragua.
1895 – The Lumière brothers demonstrate film technology to scientists.
1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
1906 – The Gillette-Brown murder inspires Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.
1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major league baseball.
1919 – The eight-hour working day and free Sunday become law in the Netherlands.
1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany
1921 – A truce is called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar.
1921 – Former U.S. President William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
1930 – Australian cricketer Don Bradman scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a Test match against England.
1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France.
1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia.
1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily – German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismaili worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
1960 – Independence of Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger.
1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published.
1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on-board.
1977 – Martin Luther King Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
1978 – Los Alfaques Disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
1979 – America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
1983 – A Boeing 737 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives.
1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
1991 – A Nationair DC-8 crashes during an emergency landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing 261.
1995 – A Cubana de Aviación Antonov An-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44 people.
2006 – 209 people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.

Births

154 – Bardaisan, Syriac gnostic (d. 222)
1274 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (d. 1329)
1366 – Anne of Bohemia, consort of Richard II of England (d. 1394)
1558 – Robert Greene, English author (d. 1592)
1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet (d. 1627)
1603 – Kenelm Digby, English privateer (d. 1665)
1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
1657 – King Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist (d. 1785)
1723 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (d. 1799)
1751 – Caroline Matilda of Wales, queen consort of Denmark and Norway (d. 1775)
1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician and censor (d. 1825)
1767 – John Quincy Adams, American politician, 8th United States Secretary of State & 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
1826 – Alexander Afanasyev, Russian folklorist (d. 1871)
1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek politician (d. 1896)
1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
1846 – Léon Bloy, French writer (d. 1917)
1850 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary leader (d. 1938)
1851 – Millie and Christine McCoy, Conjoined twins (d. 1912)
1864 – Petar Danov, Bulgarian spiritual teacher (d. 1944)
1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
1882 – Jim White, discoverer of Carlsbad Caverns (d. 1946)
1886 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter (d. 1939)
1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and political theorist (d. 1985)
1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American film actor and screenwriter (d. 1962)
1895 – Dolly Wilde, English socialite (d. 1941)
1897 – Eugene "Bull" Connor, American law enforcement official (d. 1973)
1899 – E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
1903 – Rudolf Abel, Soviet intelligence officer (d. 1971)
1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish flamenco guitarist (d. 1972)
1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990)
1910 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
1911 – Erna Flegel, German nurse (d. 2006)
1912 – William F. Walsh, American politician (d. 2011)
1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American writer (d. 1966)
1916 – Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2002)
1916 – Reg Varney, English actor (d. 2008)
1916 – Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia
1918 – Venetia Burney, namer of the dwarf planet Pluto (d. 2009)
1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
1920 – James von Brunn, perpetrator of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting (d. 2010)
1921 – Ilse Werner, Dutch-born actress (d. 2005)
1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
1923 – Richard Pipes, American historian
1924 – César Lattes, Brazilian physicist (d. 2005)
1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-born actress (d. 2007)
1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer (d. 1971)
1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish tenor
1926 – Peter Bennett, Australian footballer (d. 2012)
1926 – Frederick Buechner, American author
1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (d.2012)
1929 – Hermann Prey, German baritone (d. 1998)
1929 – Chuck Rio, Musician (d. 2006)
1930 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic
1931 – Thurston Harris, American singer (d. 1990)
1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor
1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist
1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, French Canadian ice hockey player
1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish politician (d. 2011)
1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist
1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Taiwanese writer
1938 – Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, American feminist scholar and historian
1940 – Yvon Charbonneau, French Canadian union leader and politician
1941 – Clive Puzey, Zimbabwean racing driver
1943 – Oscar D'León, Venezuelan musician
1943 – Howard Gardner, American Psychologist
1943 – Peter Jensen, Archbishop of Sydney
1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German race car driver (d. 1983)
1943 – Robert Malval, Prime Minister of Haiti
1944 – Myra Gale Brown, former wife of cousin, Jerry Lee Lewis
1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
1945 – Patrick Joseph McGrath, Catholic bishop
1946 – Beverly Todd American actress
1946 – Cuthbert Johnson, Benedictine abbot.
1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
1949 – Liona Boyd, English-born musician
1949 – Tom Emanski, American baseball instructionalist
1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani nuclear physicist
1950 – Bruce McGill, American actor
1950 – J. R. Morgan, British classical scholar
1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters)
1951 – Robert R. McCammon, American horror novelist
1951 – Ed Ott, American Baseball player
1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player
1952 – John Kettley, English weather forecaster
1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican actress
1953 – Peter Brown, American singer, songwriter and producer
1953 – Maureen Cathryn Harriet "Cats" Falck, Swedish television journalist
1953 – Samuel Russell Hinds, pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers
1953 – Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India
1953 – Wu Shu-chen, wife of former President Chen Shui-bian of the Republic of China
1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director and producer
1953 – Leon Spinks, American former boxer
1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician
1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-born conductor and composer
1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, writer and producer
1954 – Butch Reed, American professional wrestler
1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean politician and neurosurgeon (d. 2010)
1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
1957 – Peter Murphy, British musician (Bauhaus)
1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican musician (Black Uhuru)
1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer
1958 – Andrew Gilbert-Scott, British racing driver
1959 – Richie Sambora, American musician (Bon Jovi)
1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer
1959 – Dave Bennett, English footballer
1960 – David Baerwald American songwriter/composer
1962 – Gaetan Duchesne, French Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress
1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player
1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress
1964 – Craig Charles, English actor
1964 – Kyrill, Prince of Preslav, titular Bulgarian royal family
1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer
1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kickboxer
1965 – Scott Shriner, American musician (Weezer)
1966 – Greg Grunberg, American actor
1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese manga artist
1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player
1966 – Mick Molloy, Australian comedian
1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player
1967 – Jeff Corwin, American naturalist and TV personality
1967 – Donne Wall, American baseball player
1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian academic
1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer (Bonham) (d. 2008)
1969 – David Tao, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
1971 – Leisha Hailey, American actress and musician (Uh Huh Her)
1972 – Jussi 69, Finnish musician (The 69 Eyes)
1972 – Steven Richards, Australian racing driver
1972 – Michael Rosenbaum, American actor
1973 – Andrew Bird, American musician
1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek athlete
1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer
1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer
1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer and songwriter
1975 – Willie Anderson, American football player
1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer
1975 – Riona Hazuki, Japanese actress
1975 – Nadya Suleman, American mother of octuplets
1975 – Samer el Nahhal, Finnish musician (Lordi)
1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper
1975 – Bridgette Andersen, American child actress (d. 1997)
1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-born basketball player
1977 – Brandon Short, American football player
1978 – Jeff Rich, Sports Talk Radio Personality
1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
1979 – Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
1979 – Lauris Reiniks, Latvian singer
1980 – TJ Wilson, Canadian professional wrestler
1980 – Im Su-jeong, South Korean model and actress
1981 – Carla Campbell, Jamaican model
1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
1982 – Chris Cooley, American football player
1982 – Lil' Zane, American rapper
1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter
1983 – Kelly Poon, Singaporean singer
1983 – Evan Roberts, American radio broadcaster
1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish musician (A*Teens)
1983 – Kellie Shirley, British actress
1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian/American ice dancer
1984 – Hitomi Hyuga, Japanese actress
1984 – Rachael Taylor, Australian actress
1985 – Robert Adamson, American actor
1985 – Aki Maeda, Japanese actress
1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese idol singer (NEWS)
1988 – Yuka Iguchi, Japanese voice actress
1989 – Liel Kolet, Israeli singer
1989 – David Henrie, American actor
1990 – Mona Barthel, German tennis player
1990 – George Craig, English singer (One Night Only)
1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor
1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer

Deaths

472 – Anthemius, Emperor of the Western Roman Empire
937 – King Rudolph II of Burgundy
969 – Olga of Kiev
1174 – King Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
1302 – Robert II of Artois, French soldier (b. 1250)
1535 – Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
1581 – Peder Skram, Danish senator and naval hero
1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
1599 – Chosokabe Motochika, Sengoku Period Daiymo (b.1539)
1679 – William Chamberlayne, English poet (b. 1619)
1688 – King Narai of Siam (b. 1629)
1766 – Elizabeth Farnese, wife of Philip V of Spain (b. 1692)
1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-born New York pioneer (b. 1715)
1775 – Simon Boerum, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
1797 – Ienachita Vacarescu, Wallachian writer (b. 1740)
1806 – James Smith, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1719)
1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American Revolutionary War soldier (b. 1744)
1844 – Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (b. 1800)
1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and Islamic modernist (b. 1849)
1909 – Simon Newcomb, American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
1920 – Empress Eugénie de Montijo of France (b. 1826)
1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer (b. 1857)
1936 – James Murray, American actor (b. 1901)
1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
1959 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer (b. 1882)
1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet (b. 1913)
1967 – Guy Favreau, Québécois, politician and judge (b. 1917)
1971 – John W. Campbell, American writer and editor (b. 1910)
1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (b. 1940)
1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1891)
1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet (b. 1895)
1979 – Claude Wagner, French Canadian judge and politician (b. 1925)
1983 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (b. 1915)
1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
1987 – Yaakov Yitzchak Ruderman, American Rosh Yeshiva (b. 1901)
1989 – Lord Laurence Olivier, acclaimed English stage and screen actor (b. 1907)
1991 – Hitoshi Igarashi, English-Japanese translator of The Satanic Verses (b. 1947)
1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer programmer (b. 1942)
1994 – Savannah, American porn star (b. 1970)
1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek writer, translator and publications manager (b. 1943)
1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican poet (b. 1913)
2000 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)
2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch singer and artist (b. 1946)
2001 – Gaspare di Mercurio, Italian doctor and author (b. 1926)
2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American conservationist and philanthropist (b. 1910)
2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (b. 1911)
2005 – Don Starr, American actor (b. 1917)
2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1914)
2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentine professional racing driver (b. 1922)
2005 – Shinya Hashimoto, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1965)
2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player (b. 1935)
2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (b. 1913)
2007 – Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1914)
2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author (b. 1939)
2008 – Michael DeBakey, American surgeon and inventor (b. 1908)
2009 – Arturo Gatti, Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
2009 – Go Mi-Young, South Korean female mountaineer (b. 1967)
2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
2010 – Walter Hawkins, Gospel music singer (b. 1949)
2010 – Bob Sheppard, New York Yankees and New York Giants announcer (b. 1910)
2011 – Rob Grill, American lead singer, songwriter and bass guitarist (b. 1943)