today.nukz.net: Almanac July 12 :: Buckminster Fuller

Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983)was an American systems theorist, architect, engineer, author, designer, inventor, and futurist.

Fuller published more than 30 books, inventing and popularizing terms such as "Spaceship Earth", ephemeralization, and synergetic. He also developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, the best known of which is the geodesic dome. Carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their resemblance to geodesic spheres.

Events

927 – Æthelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that the latter will not ally with Viking kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain.
1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
1493 – Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.
1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatan, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Julian calendar) – The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) – The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech in response to the dismissal of Jacques Necker France's finance minister the day before. The speech called the citizens to arms and led to the Storming of the Bastille two days later.
1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire) .
1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
1806 – Liechtenstein was given full sovereignty after its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine .
1812 – War of 1812: the United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
1843 – Joseph Smith, Jr., founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, received a revelation regarding polygamy.
1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded.
1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
1918 – The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes independent Lithuania.
1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record 10 wickets for 10 runs in a county match for Yorkshire
1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka – German and Soviet forces engage in the largest tank engagement of all time.
1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the explusion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death tally exceeds 2,000.
1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first ever concert, at the Marquee Club in London, England, United Kingdom.
1967 – The Newark riots began in Newark, New Jersey.
1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output.
1971 – The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time.
1973 – A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from United Kingdom.
1998 – France defeat Brazil in the FIFA World Cup final to win the World Cup for the first time.
2006 – Hezbollah initiate Operation True Promise.
2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.

Births

1394 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
1468 – Juan del Encina, Spanish Composer, poet and playwright
1596 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
1675 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1742)
1730 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
1803 – Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
1807 – Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893)
1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist (d. 1878)
1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
1824 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
1828 – Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
1839 – Frederick Halsey, English Conservative Party politician (d. 1927)
1849 – Sir William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
1850 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
1852 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian politician, 19th and 21st President of Argentina (d. 1933)
1854 – George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
1854 – Juan Gualberto Gómez, Afro-Cuban leader in the Cuban war of independence (d. 1933)
1855 – Ned Hanlan, Canadian world champion sculler (d. 1908)
1861 – Anton Arensky, Russian composer, pianist and professor of music (d. 1906)
1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
1863 – Paul Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
1868 – Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
1870 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
1872 – Emil Hácha, Czech politician (d. 1945)
1876 – Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
1878 – Peeter Põld, Estonian pedagogic scientist and politician (d. 1930)
1880 – Tod Browning, American film director (d. 1962)
1884 – Louis B. Mayer, Russian-born Canadian American film producer (d. 1957)
1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
1886 – Jean Hersholt, Danish film director and actor (d. 1956)
1892 – Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
1895 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
1895 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
1895 – Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960)
1902 – Günther Anders, German philosopher (d. 1992)
1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel laureate (d. 1973)
1906 – Pietro Tordi, Italian actor (d. 1990)
1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
1908 – Paul Runyan, American professional golfer (d. 2002)
1909 – Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d.1993)
1909 – Herbert Zim, The founder and editor in chief of the Golden Guides (d.1994)
1909 – Fritz Leonhardt, German civil engineer (d. 1999)
1913 – Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 2008)
1914 – Mohammad Moin, Iranian writer (d. 1971)
1917 – Andrew Wyeth, American artist (d. 2009)
1919 – George Weissman, American businessman (d. 2009)
1920 – Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
1920 – Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
1920 – Keith Andes, American actor (d. 2005)
1921 – Bob Fillion, French Canadian ice hockey player
1922 – Mark Hatfield, American politician (d. 2011)
1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine cardiac surgeon who created the technique for coronary bypass surgery (d. 2000)
1924 – Fedon Matheou, Greek retired basketball coach and player
1925 – Roger Smith, American automotive executive (d. 2007)
1927 – Conte Candoli, American jazz trumpeter, brother of Pete Candoli (d. 2001)
1928 – Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel laureate
1928 – Jo Myong-rok, North Korean military official (d. 2010)
1930 – Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director and writer
1930 – Alberto Lionello, Italian film actor
1932 – Otis Davis, American middle distance runner
1932 – Monte Hellman, American Film Director producer, and film editor.
1933 – Donald E. Westlake, American novelist (d. 2008)
1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist
1937 – Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor
1937 – Lionel Jospin, French politician, 165th Prime Minister of France
1937 – Michel Louvain, French Canadian singer
1937 – Robert McFarlane, Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, from 1983 through 1985.
1937 – Mickey Edwards, Republican congressman
1938 – Ron Fairly, American baseball player
1938 – Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
1939 – Phillip Adams, Australian broadcaster and journalist
1941 – Benny Parsons, American racing driver (d. 2007)
1941 – Joseph Whipp, American actor
1942 – Billy Smith, Australian rugby league player
1942 – Tam White, Scottish blues singer and actor (d. 2010)
1943 – Christine McVie, British singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
1943 – Walter Murch, American film editor
1943 – Paul Silas, American basketball player and head coach
1944 – Denise Nicholas, American actress and activist
1945 – Leopoldo Mastelloni, Italian actor
1946 – Robert Fisk, an English writer and journalist
1947 – Loren Coleman, American cryptozoologist and author
1947 – Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby union player
1947 – Richard C. McCarty, American professor of psychology
1948 – Susan Blu, American voice actress
1948 – Ben Burtt, American sound designer
1948 – Walter Egan, American singer
1948 – Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer
1948 – Jay Thomas, American actor
1949 – Rick Hendrick, American NASCAR team owner
1950 – Eric Carr, American drummer (Kiss) (d. 1991)
1950 – Gilles Meloche, Canadian ice hockey player
1951 – Brian Grazer, American film producer
1951 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress
1951 – Piotr Pustelnik, Polish mountaineer
1951 – Sylvia Sass, Hungarian soprano
1951 – Jamey Sheridan, American actor
1952 – Voja Antonic, Serbian inventor and writer
1952 – Philip Taylor Kramer, American bassist (Iron Butterfly) (d. 1995)
1952 – Liz Mitchell, Jamaican singer (Boney M.)
1953 – John Ausonius, Swedish criminal (The Laser Man)
1954 – Eric Adams, American singer (Manowar)
1954 – Robert Carl, American composer
1954 – Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer
1954 – Sulakshana Pandit, Indian Film Actress/ Playback Singer
1955 – Bambi Woods, American porn actress
1955 – Jimmy LaFave, American singer-songwriter and folk musician
1956 – Sandi Patty, American singer
1956 – Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player
1956 – Mel Harris, American actress.
1957 – Rick Douglas Husband, American astronaut (d. 2003)
1957 – Taso N. Stavrakis, American actor and stuntman
1958 – J. D. Hayworth, Congressman from Arizona
1958 – Tonya Lee Williams, Canadian actress
1959 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and writer
1959 – David Brown, Australian weatherman
1960 – Corynne Charby, French model, actress and singer
1961 – Heikko Glöde, German footballer
1962 – Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
1962 – Dan Murphy, American guitarist (Soul Asylum)
1962 – Dean Wilkins, English football manager
1964 – Tim Gane, English guitarist (Stereolab, McCarthy)
1964 – Gaby Roslin, English television presenter
1965 – Sanjay Manjrekar, Indian cricketer
1966 – Jeff Bucknum, American auto racer
1966 – Ana Torrent, Spanish film actress
1966 – Misato Watanabe, Japanese popular music
1966 – Taiji Sawada, Japanese bass guitarist (d. 2011)
1967 – Richard Herring, English comedian
1967 – John Petrucci, American guitarist (Dream Theater)
1967 – Bruny Surin, Canadian sprinter
1968 – Catherine Plewinski, French swimmer
1969 – Alan Mullally, England cricketer
1969 – Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
1969 – Jesse Pintado, American guitarist (Napalm Death) (d. 2006)
1970 – Lee Byung-hun, South Korean actor
1970 – Juba Kalamka, American hip hop artist
1971 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
1971 – Loni Love, American comedian
1972 – Travis Best, American basketball player
1972 – Brett Reed, American drummer (Rancid)
1972 – Jake Wood, English actor
1972 – Patrick Hill, American sculptor
1973 – Magoo, American rapper
1973 – Christian Vieri, Italian footballer
1974 – Sharon den Adel, Singer of Dutch band, Within Temptation
1974 – Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
1974 – Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
1975 – Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer
1976 – Dan Boyle, Canadian ice hockey player
1976 – Anna Friel, British actress
1976 – Tracie Spencer, American singer and songwriter
1977 – Neil Harris, English footballer
1977 – Steve Howey, American actor
1977 – Brock Lesnar, American mixed martial artist and professional wrestler
1978 – Claire Chitham, New Zealand actress
1978 – Topher Grace, American actor
1978 – Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
1979 – Nikos Barlos, Greek basketball player
1979 – Chris Campbell, American author
1980 – Johanna Klum, German TV presenter
1980 – Richard Bennett, American guitarist
1980 – Katherine Legge, English racing driver
1980 – Tom Price, British Actor
1981 – Adrienne Camp, South African singer and songwriter
1982 – Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
1982 – Tara Kirk, American swimmer
1983 – Megumi Kawamura, Japanese volleyball player
1984 – Gareth Gates, English singer
1984 – Jonathan Lewis, American football player
1984 – Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
1985 – Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
1985 – Natasha Poly, Russian model
1985 – Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer
1986 – JP Pietersen, South African rugby union footballer
1988 – Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
1988 – Inbee Park, South Korean golfer
1989 – Nick Palmieri, American ice hockey player
1989 – Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model
1990 – Bébé, Portuguese footballer
1992 – Eoghan Quigg, Northern Irish singer
1996 – Jordan Romero, American mountaineer

Deaths

783 – Bertrada of Laon, Frankish wife of Pepin the Short (b. 720)
1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
1536 – Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus, Dutch writer and philosopher (b. 1466)
1584 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
1645 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
1664 – Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
1682 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
1693 – John Ashby, English admiral (b. c. 1640)
1712 – Richard Cromwell, son of Oliver Cromwell (b. 1626)
1742 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
1749 – Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, Governor of New France (b. c. 1671)
1773 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
1804 – Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
1845 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
1849 – Dolley Madison, 4th First Lady Of The United States (b. 1768)
1870 – John A. Dahlgren, American Navy admiral (b. 1809)
1892 – Alexander Cartwright, American fireman and inventor of baseball (b. 1820)
1910 – Charles Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887)
1918 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
1926 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (b. 1868)
1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
1934 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-born American inventor and industrialist (b. 1877)
1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
1944 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general, son of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1887)
1945 – Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
1945 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (b. 1871)
1947 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1902)
1949 – Douglas Hyde, Irish politician (b. 1860)
1950 – Elsie de Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)
1961 – Mazo de la Roche, Canadian author (b. 1879)
1962 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907)
1965 – Christfried Burmeister, Estonian speed skater (b. 1898)
1966 – Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki, Japanese author and lecturer (b. 1870)
1969 – Henry George Lamond, Australian novelist (b. 1885)
1971 – Yvon Robert, French Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1914)
1973 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
1975 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American painter and illustrator (b. 1887)
1979 – Minnie Riperton, American soul singer (b. 1947)
1982 – Kenneth More, English actor (b. 1914)
1983 – Chris Wood, British saxophonist (Traffic) (b. 1944)
1990 – João Saldanha, Brazilian journalist and football manager (b. 1917)
1993 – Dan Eldon, British photojournalist (b. 1970)
1994 – Paisios, Greek Orthodox monk (b. 1924)
1996 – John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)
1996 – Jonathan Melvoin, American keyboardist (The Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
1998 – Serge Lemoyne, French Canadian artist (b. 1941)
1998 – Jimmy Driftwood, American folk songwriter and musician (b. 1907)
1999 – Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1929)
1999 – Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914)
2000 – Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1908)
2001 – Fred Marcellino, American illustrator (b. 1939)
2003 – Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907)
2004 – Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1918)
2005 – John King, Baron King of Wartnaby, British noble and aviation executive (b. 1917)
2006 – Adamantios Lemos, Greek actor (b. 1916)
2007 – Stan Zemanek, Australian radio personality (b. 1947)
2007 – Mr. Butch, American homeless person (b. 1951)
2007 – Robert Burås, Norwegian guitar player (b. 1975)
2008 – Tony Snow, American press secretary for George W. Bush (b. 1955)
2008 – Bobby Murcer, American baseball player (b. 1946)
2010 – Harvey Pekar, American comic book writer (b. 1939)
2010 – Paulo Moura, Brazilian clarinetist and saxophonist (b. 1932)
2010 – Pius Njawé, Cameroonian journalist (b. 1957)
2011 – Sherwood Schwartz, American television writer (b. 1916)
2012 – Dara Singh, Indian wrestler and actor (b. 1928)