Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. (April 2, 1939 – April 1, 1984) American singer-songwriter and musician with a three-octave vocal range. Starting his career as a member of the doo-wop group The Moonglows in the late 1950s, he ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960, signing with Motown Records subsidiary, Tamla. He started off as a session drummer, but later ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the 1960s. He was crowned "The Prince of Motown" and "The Prince of Soul" because of solo hits such as "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)", "Ain't That Peculiar", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine," and his duet singles with singers such as Mary Wells and Tammi Terrell. His work in the early and mid-1970s included the albums, What's Going On, Let's Get It On, and I Want You, which helped influence the quiet storm, urban adult contemporary, and slow jam genres. After a self-imposed European exile in the early 1980s, Gaye returned on the 1982 Grammy-Award winning hit, "Sexual Healing" and the Midnight Love album before his death. Gaye was shot dead by his father on April 1, 1984. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. In 2008, the American music magazine Rolling Stone ranked Gaye at number 6 on its list of the Greatest Singers of All Time, and ranked at number 18 on 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. He was also ranked at number 20 on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.
Events
- 1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now Florida.
- 1755 – Commodore William James captures the pirate fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India.
- 1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.
- 1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna.
- 1801 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Copenhagen – The British destroy the Danish fleet.
- 1851 – Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand.
- 1863 – Richmond Bread Riot: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand that the Confederate government release emergency supplies.
- 1865 – American Civil War: The Siege of Petersburg is broken – Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia, forcing Confederate General Robert E. Lee to retreat.
- 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
- 1885 – Cree warriors attacked the village of Frog Lake, North-West Territories, Canada, killing 9.
- 1900 – The Congress passes the Foraker Act, giving Puerto Rico limited self-rule.
- 1902 – Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated in the Marie Palace, St Petersburg.
- 1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles, California.
- 1911 – The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census.
- 1912 – The ill fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials.
- 1917 – World War I: President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
- 1921 – The Autonomous Government of Khorasan, a military government encompassing the modern state of Iran, is established.
- 1930 – After the mysterious death of Empress Zewditu, Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia.
- 1945 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Brazil are established.
- 1956 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night premiere on CBS-TV. The two soaps become the first daytime dramas to debut in the 30-minute format.
- 1962 – The first official Panda crossing is opened outside Waterloo station, London.
- 1972 – Actor Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled a communist during the Red Scare in the early 1950s.
- 1973 – Launch of the LexisNexis computerized legal research service.
- 1973 – The Liberal Movement breaks away from the Liberal and Country League in South Australia.
- 1975 – Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from the Quang Ngai Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.
- 1975 – Construction of the CN Tower is completed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It reaches 553.33 metres (1,815.4 ft) in height, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure.
- 1980 – President Jimmy Carter signs the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act in an effort to help the U.S. economy rebound.
- 1982 – Falklands War: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands.
- 1984 – Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma is launched aboard Soyuz T-11, and becomes the first Indian in space.
- 1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.
- 1991 – Rita Johnston becomes the first female Premier of a Canadian province when she succeeds William Vander Zalm (who had resigned) as Premier of British Columbia.
- 1992 – In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison.
- 2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated. A siege ensues.
- 2004 – Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid. Their attack is thwarted.
- 2006 – Over 60 tornadoes break out in the United States; hardest hit is in Tennessee with 29 people killed.
Births
- 742 – Charlemagne, King of France (d. 814)
- 1527 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (d. 1598)
- 1545 – Elisabeth of Valois, third wife of Philip II of Spain (d. 1568)
- 1565 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
- 1614 – Jahanara Begum Sahib, daughter of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (d. 1681)
- 1618 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1663)
- 1647 – Maria Sibylla Merian, German botanist (d. 1717)
- 1653 – Prince George of Denmark, prince consort of Anne of England (d. 1708)
- 1719 – Johann Wilhelm Ludwig Gleim, German poet (d. 1803)
- 1725 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer and writer (d. 1798)
- 1781 – Bhagwan Swaminarayan, religious leader (d. 1830)
- 1788 – Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet (d. 1862)
- 1788 – Wilhelmine Reichard, first German women balloonist (d. 1848)
- 1798 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (d. 1874)
- 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (d. 1875)
- 1814 – Erastus Brigham Bigelow, American inventor (d. 1879)
- 1827 – William Holman Hunt, English painter (d. 1910)
- 1838 – Léon Gambetta, French statesman (d. 1882)
- 1840 – Émile Zola, French novelist and critic (d. 1902)
- 1841 – Clément Ader, French aviation pioneer (d. 1926)
- 1861 – Iván Persa, Hungarian Slovene writer and catholic priest (d. 1935)
- 1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1947)
- 1867 – Eugen Sandow, German bodybuilder and circus performer (d. 1925)
- 1869 – Hughie Jennings, American baseball player and manager (d. 1928)
- 1875 – Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
- 1884 – Sir John Squire, British poet, writer, and historian (d. 1958)
- 1891 – Jack Buchanan, Scottish actor, singer, producer and director (d. 1957)
- 1891 – Max Ernst, German painter (d. 1976)
- 1900 – Roberto Arlt, Argentine writer (d. 1942)
- 1902 – Jan Tschichold, German typographer (d. 1974)
- 1903 – Lionel Chevrier, Canadian politician (d. 1987)
- 1906 – Alphonse-Marie Parent, Canadian priest, educator and academic administrator (d. 1970)
- 1907 – Luke Appling, American baseball player (d. 1991)
- 1908 – Buddy Ebsen, American actor and dancer (d. 2003)
- 1910 – Paul Triquet, Canadian military officer (d. 1980)
- 1910 – Francisco Cândido Xavier, Most popular Brazilian medium (d. 2002)
- 1912 – Herbert Mills, American singer (The Mills Brothers) (d. 1989)
- 1914 – Sir Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
- 1917 – Dabbs Greer, American actor (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Lou Monte, American singer (d. 1989)
- 1920 – Gerald Bouey, Canadian civil servant, Governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Jack Webb, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1982)
- 1923 – Clifford Scott Green, American Federal Judge (d. 2007)
- 1923 – Gloria Henry, American actress
- 1923 – G. Spencer-Brown, English mathematician
- 1924 – Bobby Avila, Mexican baseball player (d. 2004)
- 1925 – George MacDonald Fraser, English author (d. 2008)
- 1926 – Sir Jack Brabham, Australian race car driver
- 1927 – Ferenc Puskás, Hungarian footballer (d. 2006)
- 1927 – Kenneth Tynan, English critic and writer (d. 1980)
- 1928 – Joseph Bernardin, American cardinal (d. 1996)
- 1928 – Serge Gainsbourg, French singer (d. 1991)
- 1928 – Prof David Robinson, Irish horticulturist (d. 2004)
- 1930 – Roddy Maude-Roxby, English actor
- 1932 – Edward Egan, Cardinal-Archbishop Emeritus of New York
- 1933 – György Konrád, Hungarian Jewish author, sociologist, essayist
- 1934 – Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician (d. 2007)
- 1934 – Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d. 1997)
- 1934 – Carl Kasell, American newscaster
- 1937 – Dick Radatz, American baseball player (d. 2005)
- 1938 – John Larsson, 17th General of The Salvation Army
- 1938 – Booker Little, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1961)
- 1939 – Marvin Gaye, American singer (d. 1984)
- 1939 – Anthony Lake, American political figure
- 1939 – Lise Thibault, Lieutenant-governor of Quebec
- 1940 – Penelope Keith, English actress
- 1941 – Dr. Demento, American radio personality
- 1942 – Leon Russell, American blues-rock pianist/guitarist
- 1942 – Hiroyuki Sakai, Japanese chef
- 1942 – Roshan Seth, Indian actor
- 1943 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer (d. 2007)
- 1943 – Larry Coryell, American jazz fusion guitarist
- 1945 – Linda Hunt, American actress
- 1945 – Reggie Smith, American baseball player
- 1945 – Don Sutton, American baseball player
- 1945 – Anne Waldman, American poet
- 1946 – Judith A. Lanzinger, American jurist, Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio
- 1946 – Kurt Winter, Canadian guitarist (The Guess Who) (d. 1997)
- 1947 – Sam Anderson, American actor
- 1947 – Emmylou Harris, American singer
- 1947 – Camille Paglia, American feminist writer
- 1948 – Dimitris Mitropanos, Greek singer
- 1948 – Joan D. Vinge, American author
- 1949 – Paul Gambaccini, British television presenter
- 1949 – Bernd Müller, East German footballer
- 1949 – Ron Palillo, American actor
- 1949 – Pamela Reed, American actress
- 1949 – David Robinson, American musician
- 1951 – Ayako Okamoto, Japanese golfer
- 1951 – Moriteru Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist
- 1952 – Pat Drummond, Australian singer-songwriter
- 1952 – Thierry Le Luron, French humorist (d. 1986)
- 1952 – Leon Wilkeson, American rock bassist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 2001)
- 1953 – Jim Allister, Northern Irish politician
- 1953 – Debralee Scott, American actress (d. 2005)
- 1954 – Gregory Abbott, American singer, musician and composer
- 1954 – Susumu Hirasawa, Japanese electropop musician
- 1954 – Donald Petrie, American film director
- 1955 – Michael Stone, British terrorist
- 1957 – Giuliana De Sio, Italian actress
- 1958 – Stefano Bettarello, Italian rugby player
- 1958 – Larry Drew, American basketball player
- 1959 – Juha Kankkunen, Finnish race car driver
- 1959 – Yves Lavandier, French film director
- 1959 – Badou Zaki, Moroccan footballer and manager
- 1960 – Linford Christie, English athlete
- 1960 – Brad Jones, Australian racing driver
- 1960 – Pascale Nadeau, Canadian news presenter
- 1961 – Christopher Meloni, American actor
- 1961 – Keren Woodward, English singer (Bananarama)
- 1962 – Pierre Carles, French documentarist
- 1962 – Clark Gregg, American actor
- 1962 – Mark Shulman, American children's author
- 1963 – Karl Beattie, English television director and producer
- 1963 – Mike Gascoyne, British engineer
- 1964 – Pete Incaviglia, American baseball player
- 1965 – Rodney King, American victim of police brutality
- 1966 – Bill Romanowski, American football player
- 1966 – Teddy Sheringham, English footballer
- 1966 – Garnett Silk, Jamaican singer (d. 1994)
- 1967 – Greg Camp, American musician (Smash Mouth)
- 1967 – Helen Chamberlain, British television presenter
- 1969 – Ajay Devgan, Indian actor
- 1971 – Elton, German comedian
- 1971 – Todd Woodbridge, Australian tennis player
- 1971 – ZEEBRA, Japanese hip hop artist
- 1972 – Chico Slimani, Moroccan-British singer
- 1973 – Roselyn Sánchez, Puerto Rican singer, model and actress
- 1973 – Tine Wittler, German TV presenter and writer
- 1974 – Håkan Hellström, Swedish musician
- 1975 – Randy Livingston, American basketball player
- 1975 – Adam Rodriguez, American actor
- 1975 – Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski, German rower
- 1976 – Andreas Anastasopoulos, Greek shot putter
- 1976 – Rory Sabbatini, South African golfer
- 1976 – Geneva Cruz, Filipino singer
- 1977 – Jelena Abbou, Serbian fitness model
- 1977 – Per Elofsson, Swedish cross-country skier
- 1977 – Michael Fassbender, Irish-German actor
- 1977 – Aiden Turner, British actor
- 1978 – John Gall, American baseball player
- 1979 – Lindy Booth, Canadian actress
- 1979 – Jesse Carmichael, American musician (Maroon 5)
- 1980 – Adam Fleming, English reporter
- 1980 – Ricky Hendrick, NASCAR driver and owner (d. 2004)
- 1980 – Cristian Lizzori, Italian footballer
- 1980 – Carlos Salcido, Mexican footballer
- 1981 – Michael Clarke, Australian cricketer
- 1981 – Bethany Joy Lenz-Galeotti, American actress
- 1982 – Marco Amelia, Italian footballer
- 1982 – Jeremy Bloom, American skier and football player
- 1982 – Bianca Chatfield, Australian netballer
- 1982 – Jack Evans, American professional wrestler
- 1982 – Leyla Milani, Canadian actress and model
- 1983 – Felix Borja, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1983 – Owen Fussey, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1983 – Paul Capdeville, Chilean tennis player
- 1983 – Yung Joc, American rapper
- 1984 – Nóra Barta, Hungarian diver
- 1984 – Meryl Cassie, New Zealand actress
- 1984 – Jérémy Morel, French footballer
- 1984 – Ashley Peldon, American actress
- 1985 – Stéphane Lambiel, Swiss figure skater
- 1986 – Ibrahim Afellay, Dutch footballer
- 1986 – Lee DeWyze, American singer
- 1990 – Amy Castle, American actress
- 1990 – Felipe Chalegre, Brazilian footballer
- 1990 – Jeffery Johnson, Jr., American rapper
- 1990 – Miralem Pjanic, Bosnian footballer
- 1993 – Aaron Kelly, American singer
Deaths
- 1118 – Baldwin I of Jerusalem, King of Jerusalem (b. c. 1058)
- 1272 – Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1209)
- 1335 – Duke Henry of Carinthia (b. c. 1265)
- 1412 – Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, Spanish traveler and writer
- 1502 – Prince Arthur Tudor, son of Henry VII of England (b. 1486)
- 1507 – Francis of Paola, Italian founder of the Order of the Minims (b. 1416)
- 1640 – Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, Polish author and prominent Latin poet (b. 1595)
- 1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1608)
- 1657 – Jean-Jacques Olier – French catholic priest, founder of the Society of Saint-Sulpice (b. 1608)
- 1720 – Joseph Dudley, colonial Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1647)
- 1742 – James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675)
- 1747 – Johann Jacob Dillenius, German botanist (b. 1684)
- 1754 – Thomas Carte, English historian (b. 1686)
- 1787 – Thomas Gage, British general (b. 1719)
- 1791 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, French statesman (b. 1749)
- 1801 – Thomas Dadford Junior, British canal engineer (b. c. 1761)
- 1803 – Sir James Montgomery, 1st Baronet, Scottish politician and judge (b. 1721)
- 1817 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German author (b. 1740)
- 1827 – Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus, German physician and naturalist (b. 1776)
- 1845 – Philip Charles Durham, Royal Navy Admiral (b. 1763)
- 1865 – General A. P. Hill, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
- 1872 – Samuel F. B. Morse, American painter and inventor of the telegraph (b. 1791)
- 1891 – Albert Pike, American Confederate Brigadier General, envoy, author, attorney, and Freemason (b. 1809)
- 1902 – Esther Morris, suffragist and first female American judge (b. 1814)
- 1914 – Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1830)
- 1922 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychologist (b. 1884)
- 1928 – Theodore William Richards, American chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1868)
- 1930 – Empress Zauditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
- 1933 – K. S. Ranjitsinhji, Indian king and Test cricketer (b. 1872)
- 1936 – Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne, French general (b. 1860)
- 1953 – Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (b. 1885)
- 1958 – Tudor Davies, Welsh operatic tenor (b. 1892)
- 1958 – Josei Toda, Japanese second president of the Buddhist association Soka Gakkai (b. 1900)
- 1966 – C. S. Forester, English author (b. 1899)
- 1972 – Franz Halder, German general (b. 1884)
- 1972 – Toshitsugu Takamatsu, Japanese Martial Arts Grandmaster (b. 1887)
- 1972 – Gil Hodges, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)
- 1974 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (b. 1911)
- 1977 – Walter Wolf, German politician (b. 1907)
- 1987 – Buddy Rich, American drummer (b. 1917)
- 1992 – Tomisaburo Wakayama, Japanese actor (b. 1929)
- 1992 – Juan Gómez González, Spanish football player (b. 1954)
- 1994 – Betty Furness, American actress (b. 1916)
- 1995 – Harvey Penick, American golf instructor (b. 1904)
- 1995 – Hannes Alfvén, Swedish physicist (b. 1908)
- 1998 – Rob Pilatus, American model and entertainer (Milli Vanilli) (b. 1965)
- 2000 – Tommaso Buscetta, Sicilian mafioso and pentito (b. 1928)
- 2001 – Charles Daudelin, Canadian artist (b. 1920)
- 2001 – Jennifer Syme, American actress (b. 1972)
- 2002 – Levi Celerio, Filipino composer (b. 1910)
- 2003 – Edwin Starr, American singer (b. 1942)
- 2004 – John Argyris, Greek aeronautical engineer (b. 1913)
- 2005 – Pope John Paul II (b. 1920)
- 2006 – Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, German widow of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (b. 1913)
- 2007 – Paul Reed, American actor (b. 1909)
- 2010 – Mike Cuellar, Cuban baseball player (b. 1937)
- 2009 – Albert Sanschagrin, Canadian Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1911)
- 2010 – Chris Kanyon, American wrestler (b. 1970)
- 2010 – Thomas J. Moyer, American jurist, Chief Justice Supreme Court of Ohio (b. 1939)
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